VerbForm: form of verb or deverbative
Principally, VerbForm is an inflectional feature of verbs and auxiliaries, however, it is also used as a lexical feature of some adjectives and adverbs.
Fin: finite verb
Verbs that have a non-empty Mood are considered finite.
Examples
- študiram, študiraš, študira “I study, you study, he/she/it studies”
- študiraj, študirajmo, študirajte “study!-sing, let’s study!, study!-plur”
- bom, boš, bo “I will, you will, he/she/it will”
- bi “would”
Inf: infinitive
Infinitive is the citation form of verbs and it appears as the argument of modal and other verbs.
Examples
- študirati “to study”
- biti “to be”
Part: participle
Participle is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adjectives. We distinguish two groups of participles: l-participles that can either be classified as verbs or adjectives, and all other participles (usually ending in -č, -n, or -t) that are always classified as adjectives, regardless of whether they are used as attributes or predicates.
As verbs, L-participles are used to form the past and future tense, and the conditional mood in present or past tense. As adjectives, both groups of participles can be used either as noun attributes (ukradena denarnica “stolen wallet”), as subject complements (denarnica je ukradena “the wallet is stolen”) or in passive constructions (denarnica je bila ukradena “the wallet has been stolen”).
Examples
- zgorel, zgorelo, zgorela, zgoreli “burned” (past participle in different genders and numbers)
- zgorel, zgorelega, zgorelemu, zgorelega … “burnt” (participial adjective in different genders, numbers and cases)
- ukraden, ukradenega, ukradenemu, ukradenega …“stolen” (participial adjective in different genders, numbers and cases)
Trans: transgressive
The transgressive, also called adverbial participle, is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adverbs. In Slovenian, transgressives are always marked as adverbs.
Examples
- rekoč “having said”
- sodeč “judging”
- upoštevaje “taking into account”
- nevede “unknowingly”
Conversion from JOS
All verbs with feature VForm=present, VForm=future, VForm=conditional and VForm=imperative are converted to UD VerbForm=Fin. All verbs with VForm=Infinitive are converted to UD VerbForm=Inf, all verbs with VForm=Supine are converted to UD VerbForm=Supine, and all verbs with VForm=Participle are converted to UD VerbForm=Part. Additionally, all adjectives with Type=participle are converted to UD VerbForm=Part and all adverbs with Type=participle are converted to UD VerbForm=Trans.
Note that gerunds are currently marked as nouns and do not have a special VerbForm feature to distinguish them from other common nouns.
Treebank Statistics (UD_Slovenian)
This feature is universal but the values Conv are language-specific.
It occurs with 5 different values: Conv, Fin, Inf, Part, Sup.
23725 tokens (19%) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.
7451 types (25%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of VerbForm.
2960 lemmas (19%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of VerbForm.
The feature is used with 4 part-of-speech tags: sl-pos/VERB (13031; 10% instances), sl-pos/AUX (8949; 7% instances), sl-pos/ADJ (1728; 1% instances), sl-pos/ADV (17; 0% instances).
VERB
13031 sl-pos/VERB tokens (100% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and VerbForm co-occurred: Tense=EMPTY (7703; 59%), Person=EMPTY (7448; 57%), Mood=EMPTY (7447; 57%), Number=Sing (7340; 56%), Gender=EMPTY (6803; 52%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:
Fin(5584; 43% of non-emptyVerbForm): je, ima, ni, gre, imajo, bo, so, mora, pomeni, zdiInf(1205; 9% of non-emptyVerbForm): videti, biti, slišati, pomagati, imeti, razumeti, reči, dobiti, najti, nareditiPart(6228; 48% of non-emptyVerbForm): bilo, bila, imel, moral, morali, povedal, imeli, bil, imela, moralaSup(14; 0% of non-emptyVerbForm): delat, organizirat, gledat, iskat, krpat, mižat, odpotovat, osvobodit, prosit, smučat
| Paradigm delati | Fin | Inf | Sup | Part |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| delati | delat | |||
| Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | delal | |||
| Gender=Masc|Number=Dual | delala | |||
| Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | delali | |||
| Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | delala | |||
| Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | delale | |||
| Mood=Imp|Number=Plur|Person=1 | delajmo | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres | dela | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres | delamo | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres | delate | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres | delajo |
AUX
8949 sl-pos/AUX tokens (100% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.
The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and VerbForm co-occurred: Mood=Ind (7447; 83%), Polarity=Pos (6890; 77%), Tense=Pres (6559; 73%), Person=3 (6511; 73%), Number=Sing (5563; 62%).
AUX tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:
Fin(8251; 92% of non-emptyVerbForm): je, so, bi, bo, ni, sem, bodo, sta, smo, nisoInf(41; 0% of non-emptyVerbForm): bitiPart(657; 7% of non-emptyVerbForm): bil, bila, bilo, bili, bile
| Paradigm biti | Fin | Inf | Part |
|---|---|---|---|
| _ | biti | ||
| Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | bil | ||
| Gender=Masc|Number=Dual | bila | ||
| Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | bili | ||
| Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | bila | ||
| Gender=Fem|Number=Dual | bili | ||
| Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | bile | ||
| Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | bilo | ||
| Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | bila | ||
| Mood=Cnd | bi, b | ||
| Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=2 | Bodi | ||
| Mood=Imp|Number=Plur|Person=2 | bodite | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres | nisem | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Fut | bom | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres | sem | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres | nisi | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Fut | boš | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres | si, as | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres | ni | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Fut | bo | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres | je | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Dual|Person=1|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres | nisva | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Dual|Person=1|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Fut | bova | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Dual|Person=1|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres | sva | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Dual|Person=2|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Fut | bosta | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Dual|Person=2|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres | sta | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Dual|Person=3|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres | nista | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Dual|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Fut | bosta | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Dual|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres | sta | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres | nismo | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Fut | bomo | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres | smo | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres | niste | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Fut | boste | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres | ste | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres | niso | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Fut | bodo, bojo | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres | so |
ADJ
1728 sl-pos/ADJ tokens (13% of all ADJ tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.
The most frequent other feature values with which ADJ and VerbForm co-occurred: Degree=Pos (1728; 100%), Definite=EMPTY (1401; 81%), Number=Sing (1047; 61%), Case=Nom (980; 57%).
ADJ tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:
Part(1728; 100% of non-emptyVerbForm): znano, določene, prepričani, zaposlenih, znani, prepričan, sprejet, zaposleni, določeno, povezanoEMPTY(11801): drugi, prvi, druge, mogoče, sam, nove, novo, drugih, različnih, slovenski
VerbForm seems to be lexical feature of ADJ. 100% lemmas (702) occur only with one value of VerbForm.
ADV
17 sl-pos/ADV tokens (0% of all ADV tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.
The most frequent other feature values with which ADV and VerbForm co-occurred: Degree=EMPTY (17; 100%).
ADV tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:
Conv(17; 100% of non-emptyVerbForm): rekoč, sodeč, Molče, hote, nehote, neupoštevaje, nevede, sklicujoč, upoštevaje, ustvarjajočEMPTY(5945): lahko, tako, zelo, kako, bolj, potem, vedno, zdaj, kar, treba
VerbForm seems to be lexical feature of ADV. 100% lemmas (11) occur only with one value of VerbForm.
Relations with Agreement in VerbForm
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in VerbForm:
VERB –[conj]–> VERB (1071; 87%),
VERB –[parataxis]–> VERB (627; 72%),
VERB –[advcl]–> VERB (570; 68%),
ADJ –[parataxis]–> ADJ (7; 54%),
ADJ –[advcl]–> ADJ (4; 67%),
VERB –[fixed]–> VERB (1; 100%),
AUX –[conj]–> VERB (1; 100%).
Treebank Statistics (UD_Slovenian-SST)
This feature is universal but the values Conv are language-specific.
It occurs with 5 different values: Conv, Fin, Inf, Part, Sup.
3977 tokens (20%) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.
1198 types (26%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of VerbForm.
657 lemmas (21%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of VerbForm.
The feature is used with 4 part-of-speech tags: sl-pos/VERB (2581; 13% instances), sl-pos/AUX (1267; 7% instances), sl-pos/ADJ (128; 1% instances), sl-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances).
VERB
2581 sl-pos/VERB tokens (100% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and VerbForm co-occurred: Polarity=EMPTY (2082; 81%), Gender=EMPTY (1805; 70%), Number=Sing (1692; 66%), Mood=Ind (1507; 58%), Tense=Pres (1459; 57%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:
Fin(1652; 64% of non-emptyVerbForm): je, veš, vem, mislim, ni, recimo, so, ima, bo, greInf(144; 6% of non-emptyVerbForm): biti, videti, narediti, reči, iti, imeti, kupiti, pomagati, delati, vprašatiPart(776; 30% of non-emptyVerbForm): bilo, bil, imela, imel, imeli, rekel, bila, rekli, rekla, šlaSup(9; 0% of non-emptyVerbForm): jest, delat, izpeljat, osvajat, preverjat, sekirat, vrnit, štet
| Paradigm delati | Fin | Inf | Sup | Part |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| delati | delat | |||
| Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | delal | |||
| Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | delali | |||
| Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | delala | |||
| Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | delale | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres | delam | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres | delaš | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres | delamo | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres | delate |
AUX
1267 sl-pos/AUX tokens (100% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.
The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and VerbForm co-occurred: Mood=Ind (1090; 86%), Polarity=Pos (1017; 80%), Tense=Pres (939; 74%), Number=Sing (821; 65%), Person=3 (730; 58%).
AUX tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:
Fin(1187; 94% of non-emptyVerbForm): je, so, sem, bi, smo, bo, ni, si, bomo, steInf(8; 1% of non-emptyVerbForm): bitiPart(72; 6% of non-emptyVerbForm): bil, bila, bilo, bili
| Paradigm biti | Fin | Inf | Part |
|---|---|---|---|
| _ | biti | ||
| Aspect=Imp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | bil | ||
| Aspect=Imp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | bilo | ||
| Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | bil | ||
| Gender=Masc|Number=Dual | bila | ||
| Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | bili | ||
| Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | bila | ||
| Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | bilo | ||
| Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | bila | ||
| Mood=Cnd | bi | ||
| Mood=Imp|Number=Plur|Person=2 | bodite | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres | nisem | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Fut | bom | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres | sem | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres | nisi | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Fut | boš | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres | si | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres | ni | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Fut | bo | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres | je, biti | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Dual|Person=1|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres | nisva | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Dual|Person=1|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Fut | bova | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Dual|Person=1|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres | sva | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Dual|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Fut | bosta | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Dual|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres | sta | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres | nismo | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Fut | bomo | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres | smo | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres | niste | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Fut | boste | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres | ste | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres | niso | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Fut | bodo, bojo | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres | so |
ADJ
128 sl-pos/ADJ tokens (12% of all ADJ tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.
The most frequent other feature values with which ADJ and VerbForm co-occurred: Degree=Pos (128; 100%), Definite=EMPTY (95; 74%), Case=Nom (94; 73%), Number=Sing (88; 69%), Gender=Masc (66; 52%).
ADJ tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:
Part(128; 100% of non-emptyVerbForm): vnet, preverjeno, imenovani, odprta, ostali, ostalih, pozdravljeni, rečeno, spočit, zagotovljenoEMPTY(965): dobro, drugi, dober, prvi, drugo, drugega, glavnem, rdeča, lep, sami
VerbForm seems to be lexical feature of ADJ. 100% lemmas (86) occur only with one value of VerbForm.
ADV
1 sl-pos/ADV tokens (0% of all ADV tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.
The most frequent other feature values with which ADV and VerbForm co-occurred: Degree=EMPTY (1; 100%).
ADV tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:
Conv(1; 100% of non-emptyVerbForm): rekočEMPTY(1895): tako, zdaj, a, pol, lahko, kako, kar, tam, bolj, potem
Relations with Agreement in VerbForm
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in VerbForm:
VERB –[parataxis]–> VERB (222; 70%),
VERB –[conj]–> VERB (150; 80%),
VERB –[advcl]–> VERB (92; 72%),
VERB –[ccomp]–> VERB (79; 60%),
VERB –[parataxis:discourse]–> VERB (65; 73%),
VERB –[reparandum]–> VERB (37; 93%),
VERB –[parataxis:restart]–> VERB (28; 68%),
ADJ –[conj]–> ADJ (3; 75%),
AUX –[reparandum]–> VERB (2; 100%),
AUX –[reparandum]–> AUX (1; 100%).
VerbForm in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]