VerbForm: form of verb or deverbative
Description
Even though the name of the feature seems to suggest that it is used exclusively with verbs, it is not the case. Some verb forms in some languages actually form a gray zone between verbs and other parts of speech (nouns, adjectives and adverbs). For instance, participles may be either classified as verbs or as adjectives, depending on language and context. In both cases VerbForm=Part may be used to separate them from other verb forms or other types of adjectives.
Uralic verbs have rich inflection / derivation pattern for for infinite forms,
these are marked using VerbForm feature. However, Finnish uses additional
features InfType and PartType to enumerate all the different verb forms,
this needs some unifying.
Fin: Finite
Finite is used for regularly inflected verb form. Verbs that inflect for mood (Mood), tense (Tense) or person (Person) are finite and are assigned the VerbForm value Fin.
Finite examples
- [fi] juoksen “I run”
# sentence-text: Rajoitukset ovat seuraavanlaiset:
1 Rajoitukset rajoitus NOUN N Case=Nom|Number=Plur 3 nsubj:cop _ _
2 ovat olla VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 3 cop
_ _
3 seuraavanlaiset seuraavanlainen ADJ A Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Plur 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
Inf: Infinitive
Infinitive is a form of verb most typically used in syntactic expressions, verb chains and so forth. Uralic infinitives share features of nouns, and may have case inflection for example. It is notable that Uralic languages will have more than one infinitive form often, and often one of these is the citation form for dictionaries, i.e. lemma, but it is not shared between languages: Finnish lemma is “A infintive”, Estonian “MA infinitive” and Hungarian is a finite form.
Infinitive examples
- [fi] juosta “to run”, nähdäkseni “in order for me to see”, kuollessa “while dying”, syömättä “without having eaten”
# sentence-text: Uudet käyttäjät pystyvät käyttämään tilejään niin kuin nytkin ensimmäiset 6 kuukautta.
1 Uudet uusi ADJ A Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Plur 2 amod _ _
2 käyttäjät käyttäjä NOUN N Case=Nom|Number=Plur 3 nsubj 4:nsubj _
3 pystyvät pystyä VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0
root _ _
4 käyttämään käyttää VERB V Case=Ill|InfForm=3|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act 3 xcomp
_ _
5 tilejään tili NOUN N Case=Par|Number=Plur|Person[psor]=3 4 dobj _ _
6 niin niin ADV Adv _ 4 advmod _ _
7 kuin kuin SCONJ C _ 8 mark _ _
8 nytkin nyt ADV Adv Clitic=Kin 6 advcl _ _
9 ensimmäiset ensimmäinen ADJ Num Case=Nom|Number=Plur|NumType=Ord 11 nummod _
_
10 6 6 NUM Num NumType=Card 11 nummod _ _
11 kuukautta kuu#kausi NOUN N Case=Par|Number=Sing 4 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
12 . . PUNCT Punct _ 3 punct _ _
~̃~~
### `Part`: Participle
Participle is a form of verb also used in syntactic expressions and verb
chains, that shares features with adjectives. Like infinitives, Uralic
adjectives have number of variants. For example in Finnish participles have
full paradigms, i.e. act as derivatoinal suffix in effect, but there's also
clearly distinguishable syntactic use for subset of the forms. e.g. as a part
of analytic temporal construction like "perfect tense": compare _olen juossut_
"I have ran" to _eilen juosseilla miehillä_ "the men that ran yesterday,
literally yesterday ran+pl+ade man+pl+ade"
#### Participle examples
* [fi] _juossut_ "ran", _näkevä_ "seeing", _syömäni_ "that I ate",
_kuolematon_ "immortal, lit. undieable"
~~~ conllu
# sentence-text: Spotify ilmoitti tänään lisäävänsä rajoituksia Spotify Free- ja Open-tileille.
1 Spotify Spotify PROPN N Case=Nom|Number=Sing 2 nsubj 4:nsubj _
2 ilmoitti ilmoittaa VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Ac
t 0 root _ _
3 tänään tänään ADV Adv _ 2 advmod _ _
4 lisäävänsä lisätä VERB V Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing|PartForm=Pres|Person[psor]=3|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act 2 xcomp _ _
5 rajoituksia rajoitus NOUN N Case=Par|Number=Plur 4 dobj _ _
6 Spotify Spotify PROPN N Case=Nom|Number=Sing 10 compound:nn _ _
7 Free- Free- X Foreign Foreign=Foreign 6 name _ _
8 ja ja CONJ C _ 7 cc _ _
9 Open Open X Foreign Foreign=Foreign 7 conj 6:name SpaceAfter=No
10 -tileille tili NOUN N Case=All|Number=Plur 4 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
11 . . PUNCT Punct _ 2 punct _ _
VerbForm in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]