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PRON: pronoun

Definition

Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns or noun phrases, whose meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context.

Pronouns under this definition function like nouns. Note that Ukrainian grammar traditionally extends the term pronoun to words that substitute for adjectives. Such words are not tagged PRON under our universal scheme. They are tagged as determiners in order to annotate the same thing same way across languages.

For instance, tohle  “this” is traditionally called pronoun in Czech grammar, regardless of context (the notion of determiners does not exist in Ukrainian grammar). To make the annotation parallel across languages, it is now tagged PRON in Це я бачила вчора.  “I saw this yesterday.” and DET in Це дерево я бачила вчора. _ “I saw this tree yesterday.”

Examples

References


Treebank Statistics (UD_Ukrainian)

There are 33 PRON lemmas (1%), 78 PRON types (1%) and 727 PRON tokens (6%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of PRON is: 10 in number of lemmas, 7 in number of types and 7 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PRON lemmas: ми, він, я, вони, вона, ви, це, себе, те, що

The 10 most frequent PRON types: ми, я, він, його, це, вона, нас, мені, вони, їх

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: він (PRON 118, DET 1), вона (PRON 45, DET 2), це (PRON 34, PART 2), що (SCONJ 98, PRON 26, PART 3), все (PRON 12, PART 2, DET 1), весь (DET 32, PRON 7), то (SCONJ 8, PRON 6, PART 6, CCONJ 4), таке (PRON 4, DET 1), той (DET 45, PRON 4), увесь (DET 22, PRON 2)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: його (PRON 32, DET 17), це (PRON 24, PART 2), їх (PRON 17, DET 1), що (SCONJ 98, PRON 13, PART 3), все (PRON 11, DET 3, PART 2), того (PRON 8, DET 5), її (DET 9, PRON 7), тим (PRON 7, DET 3), то (SCONJ 8, PART 4, CCONJ 4, PRON 2), всі (DET 13, PRON 2)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PRON is 2.363636 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.380843).

The 1st highest number of forms (6) was observed with the lemma “він”: він, його, йому, ним, нього, нім.

The 2nd highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “вони”: вони, ними, них, їм, їх.

The 3rd highest number of forms (4) was observed with the lemma “ви”: вам, вами, вас, ви.

PRON occurs with 10 features: uk-feat/PronType (727; 100% instances), uk-feat/Case (726; 100% instances), uk-feat/Person (524; 72% instances), uk-feat/Animacy (470; 65% instances), uk-feat/Number (363; 50% instances), uk-feat/Gender (327; 45% instances), uk-feat/Reflex (27; 4% instances), uk-feat/Polite (22; 3% instances), uk-feat/PrepCase (13; 2% instances), uk-feat/Foreign (1; 0% instances)

PRON occurs with 28 feature-value pairs: Animacy=Anim, Animacy=Inan, Case=Acc, Case=Dat, Case=Gen, Case=Ins, Case=Loc, Case=Nom, Foreign=Yes, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Gender=Neut, Number=Plur, Number=Ptan, Number=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, Polite=Form, PrepCase=Pre, PronType=Dem, PronType=Ind, PronType=Int, PronType=Neg, PronType=Prs, PronType=Rel, PronType=Tot, Reflex=Yes

PRON occurs with 98 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Animacy=Anim|Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs (103 tokens). Examples: ми

Relations

PRON nodes are attached to their parents using 14 different relations: uk-dep/nsubj (385; 53% instances), uk-dep/obj (155; 21% instances), uk-dep/obl (108; 15% instances), uk-dep/iobj (43; 6% instances), uk-dep/nmod (15; 2% instances), uk-dep/parataxis (6; 1% instances), uk-dep/expl (4; 1% instances), uk-dep/root (4; 1% instances), uk-dep/nsubj:pass (2; 0% instances), uk-dep/acl (1; 0% instances), uk-dep/appos (1; 0% instances), uk-dep/ccomp (1; 0% instances), uk-dep/flat (1; 0% instances), uk-dep/vocative (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PRON nodes belong to 9 different parts of speech: VERB (606; 83% instances), NOUN (56; 8% instances), ADJ (25; 3% instances), ADV (19; 3% instances), PRON (12; 2% instances), ROOT (4; 1% instances), DET (2; 0% instances), PROPN (2; 0% instances), AUX (1; 0% instances)

557 (77%) PRON nodes are leaves.

130 (18%) PRON nodes have one child.

30 (4%) PRON nodes have two children.

10 (1%) PRON nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PRON node is 7.

Children of PRON nodes are attached using 19 different relations: uk-dep/case (106; 46% instances), uk-dep/acl (24; 10% instances), uk-dep/nmod (19; 8% instances), uk-dep/punct (16; 7% instances), uk-dep/det (14; 6% instances), uk-dep/nsubj (9; 4% instances), uk-dep/advmod (8; 3% instances), uk-dep/discourse (8; 3% instances), uk-dep/conj (7; 3% instances), uk-dep/amod (6; 3% instances), uk-dep/appos (3; 1% instances), uk-dep/parataxis (3; 1% instances), uk-dep/mark (2; 1% instances), uk-dep/ccomp (1; 0% instances), uk-dep/cop (1; 0% instances), uk-dep/det:nummod (1; 0% instances), uk-dep/nummod (1; 0% instances), uk-dep/obl (1; 0% instances), uk-dep/vocative (1; 0% instances)

Children of PRON nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: ADP (106; 46% instances), VERB (25; 11% instances), NOUN (23; 10% instances), DET (19; 8% instances), PUNCT (16; 7% instances), PRON (12; 5% instances), PART (11; 5% instances), ADV (6; 3% instances), ADJ (4; 2% instances), PROPN (4; 2% instances), SCONJ (2; 1% instances), AUX (1; 0% instances), INTJ (1; 0% instances), NUM (1; 0% instances)


PRON in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]