PRON
: pronoun
Definition
Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns or noun phrases, whose meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context.
Pronouns under this definition function like nouns. Note that Ukrainian grammar traditionally extends the term pronoun to words that
substitute for adjectives. Such words are not tagged PRON
under our universal scheme. They are tagged as determiners in order to annotate the same thing same way across languages.
For instance, tohle “this” is traditionally called pronoun in Czech grammar, regardless of context (the notion of determiners does not exist in Ukrainian grammar). To make the annotation parallel across languages, it is now tagged PRON
in Це я бачила вчора. “I saw this yesterday.” and DET
in Це дерево я бачила вчора. _ “I saw this tree yesterday.”
Examples
- personal pronouns: я, ти, він, вона, воно, ми, ви, вони “I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they, they”
- reflexive pronouns: себе, се, собі, собою “oneself”
- demonstrative pronouns: це as in Це я бачила вчора. “I saw this yesterday.”
- interrogative pronouns: хто, що “who, what” as in Що ти думаєш? “What do you think?”
- relative pronouns: хто, що “who, what” as in Мене цікавить, що ти думаєш. “I wonder what you think.”
- indefinite pronouns: дехто, дещо “somebody, something”
- total pronouns: кожен, всі “everybody, all”
- negative pronouns: ніхто, ніщо “nobody, nothing”
References
Treebank Statistics (UD_Ukrainian)
There are 33 PRON
lemmas (1%), 78 PRON
types (1%) and 727 PRON
tokens (6%).
Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of PRON
is: 10 in number of lemmas, 7 in number of types and 7 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent PRON
lemmas: ми, він, я, вони, вона, ви, це, себе, те, що
The 10 most frequent PRON
types: ми, я, він, його, це, вона, нас, мені, вони, їх
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: він (PRON 118, DET 1), вона (PRON 45, DET 2), це (PRON 34, PART 2), що (SCONJ 98, PRON 26, PART 3), все (PRON 12, PART 2, DET 1), весь (DET 32, PRON 7), то (SCONJ 8, PRON 6, PART 6, CCONJ 4), таке (PRON 4, DET 1), той (DET 45, PRON 4), увесь (DET 22, PRON 2)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: його (PRON 32, DET 17), це (PRON 24, PART 2), їх (PRON 17, DET 1), що (SCONJ 98, PRON 13, PART 3), все (PRON 11, DET 3, PART 2), того (PRON 8, DET 5), її (DET 9, PRON 7), тим (PRON 7, DET 3), то (SCONJ 8, PART 4, CCONJ 4, PRON 2), всі (DET 13, PRON 2)
- його
- це
- їх
- що
- все
- того
- її
- тим
- то
- всі
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of PRON
is 2.363636 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.380843).
The 1st highest number of forms (6) was observed with the lemma “він”: він, його, йому, ним, нього, нім.
The 2nd highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “вони”: вони, ними, них, їм, їх.
The 3rd highest number of forms (4) was observed with the lemma “ви”: вам, вами, вас, ви.
PRON
occurs with 10 features: uk-feat/PronType (727; 100% instances), uk-feat/Case (726; 100% instances), uk-feat/Person (524; 72% instances), uk-feat/Animacy (470; 65% instances), uk-feat/Number (363; 50% instances), uk-feat/Gender (327; 45% instances), uk-feat/Reflex (27; 4% instances), uk-feat/Polite (22; 3% instances), uk-feat/PrepCase (13; 2% instances), uk-feat/Foreign (1; 0% instances)
PRON
occurs with 28 feature-value pairs: Animacy=Anim
, Animacy=Inan
, Case=Acc
, Case=Dat
, Case=Gen
, Case=Ins
, Case=Loc
, Case=Nom
, Foreign=Yes
, Gender=Fem
, Gender=Masc
, Gender=Neut
, Number=Plur
, Number=Ptan
, Number=Sing
, Person=1
, Person=2
, Person=3
, Polite=Form
, PrepCase=Pre
, PronType=Dem
, PronType=Ind
, PronType=Int
, PronType=Neg
, PronType=Prs
, PronType=Rel
, PronType=Tot
, Reflex=Yes
PRON
occurs with 98 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is Animacy=Anim|Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs
(103 tokens).
Examples: ми
Relations
PRON
nodes are attached to their parents using 14 different relations: uk-dep/nsubj (385; 53% instances), uk-dep/obj (155; 21% instances), uk-dep/obl (108; 15% instances), uk-dep/iobj (43; 6% instances), uk-dep/nmod (15; 2% instances), uk-dep/parataxis (6; 1% instances), uk-dep/expl (4; 1% instances), uk-dep/root (4; 1% instances), uk-dep/nsubj:pass (2; 0% instances), uk-dep/acl (1; 0% instances), uk-dep/appos (1; 0% instances), uk-dep/ccomp (1; 0% instances), uk-dep/flat (1; 0% instances), uk-dep/vocative (1; 0% instances)
Parents of PRON
nodes belong to 9 different parts of speech: VERB (606; 83% instances), NOUN (56; 8% instances), ADJ (25; 3% instances), ADV (19; 3% instances), PRON (12; 2% instances), ROOT (4; 1% instances), DET (2; 0% instances), PROPN (2; 0% instances), AUX (1; 0% instances)
557 (77%) PRON
nodes are leaves.
130 (18%) PRON
nodes have one child.
30 (4%) PRON
nodes have two children.
10 (1%) PRON
nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a PRON
node is 7.
Children of PRON
nodes are attached using 19 different relations: uk-dep/case (106; 46% instances), uk-dep/acl (24; 10% instances), uk-dep/nmod (19; 8% instances), uk-dep/punct (16; 7% instances), uk-dep/det (14; 6% instances), uk-dep/nsubj (9; 4% instances), uk-dep/advmod (8; 3% instances), uk-dep/discourse (8; 3% instances), uk-dep/conj (7; 3% instances), uk-dep/amod (6; 3% instances), uk-dep/appos (3; 1% instances), uk-dep/parataxis (3; 1% instances), uk-dep/mark (2; 1% instances), uk-dep/ccomp (1; 0% instances), uk-dep/cop (1; 0% instances), uk-dep/det:nummod (1; 0% instances), uk-dep/nummod (1; 0% instances), uk-dep/obl (1; 0% instances), uk-dep/vocative (1; 0% instances)
Children of PRON
nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: ADP (106; 46% instances), VERB (25; 11% instances), NOUN (23; 10% instances), DET (19; 8% instances), PUNCT (16; 7% instances), PRON (12; 5% instances), PART (11; 5% instances), ADV (6; 3% instances), ADJ (4; 2% instances), PROPN (4; 2% instances), SCONJ (2; 1% instances), AUX (1; 0% instances), INTJ (1; 0% instances), NUM (1; 0% instances)
PRON in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]