ADJ
: adjective
Definition
Adjectives are words that typically modify nouns and specify their properties or attributes. They may also function as predicates, as in
Ця машина є зелена. “The car is green.”
The ADJ
tag is intended for ordinary adjectives only. See DET
for determiners and NUM for cardinal numerals.
In accord with the UD approach, adjectival ordinal numerals (перший, сьомий, стошістдесятий) are tagged as adjectives, although the traditional grammar classifies them as numerals. They behave like adjectives both morphologically and syntactically, with the exception that they cannot be compared and negated.
Most Ukrainian adjectives inflect for uk-feat/Gender (великий – велика – велике) “big”, uk-feat/Number (великий – великі), and uk-feat/Case (великий – великого – великому – великим – великім), uk-feat/Degree (великий – більший – найбільший).
Examples
- великий “big”
- старий “old”
- зелений “green”
- батьків, материн “father’s, mother’s” (possessive adjectives)
- перший, другий, третій “first, second, third”
- зроблений “done” (passive perfective participial adjective)
- роблений “being done” (passive imperfective participial adjective)
- роблячий “doing” (present participial adjective - it is considered ungrammatical but still used occasionally, which is why it is encoded)
- зробивший “having done” (past participial adjective - it is considered ungrammatical but still used occasionally, which is why it is encoded)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Ukrainian)
There are 704 ADJ
lemmas (18%), 981 ADJ
types (18%) and 1115 ADJ
tokens (9%).
Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of ADJ
is: 3 in number of lemmas, 3 in number of types and 5 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent ADJ
lemmas: цілий, перший, різний, великий, новий, український, дитячий, домашній, справжній, другий
The 10 most frequent ADJ
types: різних, цілу, домашніх, різні, ціле, цілий, великих, великої, дитячої, експериментальних
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: цілий (ADJ 21, NOUN 1), перший (ADJ 14, NOUN 1), великий (ADJ 13, NOUN 1), український (ADJ 11, NOUN 4), домашній (ADJ 9, NOUN 1), другий (ADJ 8, DET 2), малий (ADJ 8, NOUN 3), військовий (ADJ 7, NOUN 1), третій (ADJ 6, NOUN 1), молодий (ADJ 4, NOUN 1)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: ціле (ADJ 3, NOUN 1), першого (ADJ 3, NOUN 1), української (ADJ 3, NOUN 2), домашні (ADJ 2, NOUN 1), другий (ADJ 2, DET 1), старих (ADJ 2, NOUN 1), Красної (PROPN 1, ADJ 1), Найкраще (ADV 1, ADJ 1), велике (NOUN 1, ADJ 1), легко (ADJ 1, ADV 1)
- ціле
- першого
- української
- домашні
- другий
- старих
- Красної
- Найкраще
- велике
- легко
- ADJ 1: Вона посміхнулася сама до себе , натхненно поправила ще не той типовий легко - фіолетовий , а зовсім оранжевий , як часточка папайї ( Carica papaya ) , фарбований за останньою модою локон волосся .
- ADV 1: Негр легко хитається взад і вперед на своєму високому сидінні , торкаючи то той , то другий ударний інструмент в строгому такті .
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of ADJ
is 1.393466 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.380843).
The 1st highest number of forms (9) was observed with the lemma “перший”: Перший, перша, перших, першого, першому, першої, першу, перші, першій.
The 2nd highest number of forms (8) was observed with the lemma “цілий”: ціла, ціле, цілий, цілими, цілих, цілого, цілої, цілу.
The 3rd highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “великий”: велика, велике, великий, великих, великої, великі, великій.
ADJ
occurs with 15 features: uk-feat/Case (1105; 99% instances), uk-feat/Gender (752; 67% instances), uk-feat/Number (353; 32% instances), uk-feat/Degree (343; 31% instances), uk-feat/Animacy (151; 14% instances), uk-feat/Aspect (128; 11% instances), uk-feat/VerbForm (128; 11% instances), uk-feat/Voice (128; 11% instances), uk-feat/NumType (43; 4% instances), uk-feat/Hyph (9; 1% instances), uk-feat/Style (8; 1% instances), uk-feat/Foreign (2; 0% instances), uk-feat/Variant (2; 0% instances), uk-feat/Abbr (1; 0% instances), uk-feat/Tense (1; 0% instances)
ADJ
occurs with 30 feature-value pairs: Abbr=Yes
, Animacy=Anim
, Animacy=Inan
, Aspect=Imp
, Aspect=Perf
, Case=Acc
, Case=Dat
, Case=Gen
, Case=Ins
, Case=Loc
, Case=Nom
, Case=Voc
, Degree=Cmp
, Degree=Pos
, Degree=Sup
, Foreign=Yes
, Gender=Fem
, Gender=Masc
, Gender=Neut
, Hyph=Yes
, NumType=Ord
, Number=Plur
, Style=Odd
, Style=Rare
, Tense=Pres
, Variant=Short
, Variant=Uncontr
, VerbForm=Part
, Voice=Act
, Voice=Pass
ADJ
occurs with 150 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is Case=Gen|Gender=Fem
(69 tokens).
Examples: дитячої, української, ветеринарної, виконавчої, громадянської, державної, міської, Жовтневої, Карпатської, Красної
Relations
ADJ
nodes are attached to their parents using 15 different relations: uk-dep/amod (906; 81% instances), uk-dep/acl (46; 4% instances), uk-dep/root (46; 4% instances), uk-dep/conj (43; 4% instances), uk-dep/xcomp (20; 2% instances), uk-dep/advcl (13; 1% instances), uk-dep/obl (12; 1% instances), uk-dep/compound (9; 1% instances), uk-dep/ccomp (5; 0% instances), uk-dep/appos (4; 0% instances), uk-dep/nmod (3; 0% instances), uk-dep/parataxis (3; 0% instances), uk-dep/nsubj (2; 0% instances), uk-dep/obj (2; 0% instances), uk-dep/flat (1; 0% instances)
Parents of ADJ
nodes belong to 7 different parts of speech: NOUN (940; 84% instances), ADJ (55; 5% instances), VERB (54; 5% instances), ROOT (46; 4% instances), PROPN (14; 1% instances), PRON (4; 0% instances), NUM (2; 0% instances)
863 (77%) ADJ
nodes are leaves.
110 (10%) ADJ
nodes have one child.
49 (4%) ADJ
nodes have two children.
93 (8%) ADJ
nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a ADJ
node is 7.
Children of ADJ
nodes are attached using 23 different relations: uk-dep/punct (155; 27% instances), uk-dep/obl (85; 15% instances), uk-dep/conj (52; 9% instances), uk-dep/advmod (48; 8% instances), uk-dep/nsubj (46; 8% instances), uk-dep/cop (44; 8% instances), uk-dep/cc (32; 6% instances), uk-dep/advcl (19; 3% instances), uk-dep/mark (16; 3% instances), uk-dep/case (13; 2% instances), uk-dep/discourse (12; 2% instances), uk-dep/nsubj:pass (11; 2% instances), uk-dep/compound (9; 2% instances), uk-dep/obj (8; 1% instances), uk-dep/parataxis (7; 1% instances), uk-dep/xcomp (6; 1% instances), uk-dep/acl (4; 1% instances), uk-dep/aux:pass (4; 1% instances), uk-dep/nmod (3; 1% instances), uk-dep/appos (2; 0% instances), uk-dep/aux (1; 0% instances), uk-dep/ccomp (1; 0% instances), uk-dep/det (1; 0% instances)
Children of ADJ
nodes belong to 13 different parts of speech: PUNCT (155; 27% instances), NOUN (130; 22% instances), ADJ (55; 9% instances), ADV (50; 9% instances), AUX (49; 8% instances), CCONJ (32; 6% instances), PRON (25; 4% instances), VERB (24; 4% instances), PART (16; 3% instances), SCONJ (14; 2% instances), ADP (13; 2% instances), PROPN (9; 2% instances), DET (7; 1% instances)
ADJ in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]