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ADJ: adjective

Definition

The adjective is in Ancient Greek the PoS that normally agrees with a nominal in Gender, Number, and Case. The adjective can be used attributively or predicatively.

Attributive adjective

The attributive adjective directly modifies a nominal (Smyth 1920: 272-275).

Examples

Predicative adjective

The predicative adjective depends on the copula or a copular verb (Smyth 1920: 275-278). Note that there are pecularities concerning the position of the attributive adjective (Smyth 1920: 295-297).

Examples

References

Smyth, Herbert Weir. 1920. A Greek Grammar for Colleges. New York: American Book Company (Perseus Digital Library; Internet Archive).


Treebank Statistics (UD_Ancient_Greek)

There are 2865 ADJ lemmas (23%), 7264 ADJ types (19%) and 19805 ADJ tokens (11%). Out of 14 observed tags, the rank of ADJ is: 3 in number of lemmas, 3 in number of types and 4 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADJ lemmas: πᾶς, αὐτός, οὗτος, πολύς, μέγας, ἄλλος, Ἀχαιός, φίλος, κακός, ἐμός

The 10 most frequent ADJ types: Ἀχαιῶν, μέγα, πάντα, αὐτὸς, πάντες, πολλὰ, πρῶτον, φίλον, ταῦτα, αὐτῷ

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: αὐτός (PRON 758, ADJ 667), οὗτος (PRON 676, ADJ 609), μέγας (ADJ 600, ADV 5), ἄλλος (ADJ 423, PRON 111, ADV 1), Ἀχαιός (ADJ 327, NOUN 63), φίλος (ADJ 294, NOUN 16, ADV 3), κακός (ADJ 292, ADV 25, NOUN 1), καλός (ADJ 161, ADV 47), δεινός (ADJ 125, ADV 1), ἐκεῖνος (ADJ 112, PRON 85)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: Ἀχαιῶν (ADJ 181, NOUN 27), μέγα (ADJ 177, ADV 1), αὐτὸς (ADJ 147, PRON 46), πολλὰ (ADJ 114, ADV 2), πρῶτον (ADJ 103, ADV 1), φίλον (ADJ 90, NOUN 2), ταῦτα (PRON 205, ADJ 86), αὐτῷ (PRON 82, ADJ 80), αὐτὸν (PRON 84, ADJ 72), πολὺ (ADJ 66, ADV 1)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADJ is 2.535428 (the average of all parts of speech is 3.038201).

The 1st highest number of forms (58) was observed with the lemma “μέγας”: μέγ̓, μέγα, μέγαν, μέγας, μέγιστ̓, μέγιστα, μέγισται, μέγιστε, μέγιστοι, μέγιστον, μέγιστος, μέγιστόν, μέζονας, μέζω, μέζων, μείζον̓, μείζονα, μείζονας, μείζονες, μείζονι, μείζονος, μείζοσιν, μείζους, μείζω, μείζων, μεγάλ̓, μεγάλα, μεγάλαι, μεγάλαις, μεγάλαισιν, μεγάλαν, μεγάλας, μεγάλη, μεγάλην, μεγάλης, μεγάλοι, μεγάλοιο, μεγάλοις, μεγάλοισί, μεγάλοισι, μεγάλου, μεγάλους, μεγάλων, μεγάλῃ, μεγάλῃσι, μεγάλῳ, μεγίστας, μεγίστη, μεγίστην, μεγίστης, μεγίστου, μεγίστους, μεγίστων, μεγίστῃ, μεγίστῳ, μεῖζον, μεῖζόν, στέγας.

The 2nd highest number of forms (47) was observed with the lemma “πολύς”: πλεῖστα, πολέας, πολέες, πολέεσσι, πολέος, πολέσιν, πολέσσ̓, πολέσσιν, πολέων, πολλά, πολλάων, πολλέων, πολλή, πολλήν, πολλαί, πολλαὶ, πολλαῖς, πολλοί, πολλούς, πολλοὶ, πολλοὺς, πολλοῖς, πολλοῖσι, πολλοῖσιν, πολλοῦ, πολλόν, πολλὰ, πολλὰς, πολλὴ, πολλὴν, πολλὸν, πολλὸς, πολλῆς, πολλῇ, πολλῇσι, πολλῇσιν, πολλῶν, πολλῷ, πολύ, πολύν, πολύς, πολὺ, πολὺν, πολὺς, πουλὺν, πόλεσι, πόλλ̓.

The 3rd highest number of forms (43) was observed with the lemma “αὐτός”: αὐτά, αὐτάς, αὐτάων, αὐτέων, αὐτή, αὐτήν, αὐταί, αὐταὶ, αὐτοί, αὐτούς, αὐτοὶ, αὐτοὺς, αὐτοῖο, αὐτοῖς, αὐτοῖσί, αὐτοῖσι, αὐτοῖσιν, αὐτοῦ, αὐτό, αὐτόν, αὐτός, αὐτώ, αὐτὰ, αὐτὰς, αὐτὴ, αὐτὴν, αὐτὸ, αὐτὸν, αὐτὸς, αὐτὼ, αὐτᾶς, αὐτῆς, αὐτῇ, αὐτῇς, αὐτῇσι, αὐτῇσιν, αὐτῶν, αὐτῷ, αὑταὶ, αὑτός, αὑτὸς, αὔτ̓, καὐτὸς.

ADJ occurs with 4 features: grc-feat/Number (19665; 99% instances), grc-feat/Case (19660; 99% instances), grc-feat/Gender (19623; 99% instances), grc-feat/Degree (700; 4% instances)

ADJ occurs with 13 feature-value pairs: Case=Acc, Case=Dat, Case=Gen, Case=Nom, Case=Voc, Degree=Cmp, Degree=Sup, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Gender=Neut, Number=Dual, Number=Plur, Number=Sing

ADJ occurs with 107 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing (2304 tokens). Examples: αὐτὸς, μέγας, δῖος, οὗτος, ἕκαστος, ἄλλος, κορυθαίολος, πρῶτος, ὠκὺς, ἀγαθὸς

Relations

ADJ nodes are attached to their parents using 16 different relations: grc-dep/nmod (10688; 54% instances), grc-dep/xcomp (1835; 9% instances), grc-dep/obj (1669; 8% instances), grc-dep/advmod (1506; 8% instances), grc-dep/amod (1061; 5% instances), grc-dep/nsubj (961; 5% instances), grc-dep/obl (650; 3% instances), grc-dep/conj (630; 3% instances), grc-dep/root (326; 2% instances), grc-dep/advcl (175; 1% instances), grc-dep/vocative (163; 1% instances), grc-dep/iobj (103; 1% instances), grc-dep/appos (26; 0% instances), grc-dep/case (9; 0% instances), grc-dep/parataxis (2; 0% instances), grc-dep/cc (1; 0% instances)

Parents of ADJ nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: NOUN (11302; 57% instances), VERB (5918; 30% instances), ADJ (1309; 7% instances), PRON (838; 4% instances), ROOT (326; 2% instances), ADV (52; 0% instances), DET (30; 0% instances), NUM (11; 0% instances), ADP (8; 0% instances), CCONJ (6; 0% instances), PART (2; 0% instances), PUNCT (1; 0% instances), SCONJ (1; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)

14776 (75%) ADJ nodes are leaves.

2907 (15%) ADJ nodes have one child.

1044 (5%) ADJ nodes have two children.

1078 (5%) ADJ nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADJ node is 13.

Children of ADJ nodes are attached using 24 different relations: grc-dep/advmod (2436; 25% instances), grc-dep/nmod (1234; 13% instances), grc-dep/det (1059; 11% instances), grc-dep/cop (875; 9% instances), grc-dep/punct (826; 8% instances), grc-dep/case (715; 7% instances), grc-dep/conj (630; 6% instances), grc-dep/cc (608; 6% instances), grc-dep/nsubj (367; 4% instances), grc-dep/obj (177; 2% instances), grc-dep/obl (165; 2% instances), grc-dep/advcl (158; 2% instances), grc-dep/acl (143; 1% instances), grc-dep/xcomp (114; 1% instances), grc-dep/amod (91; 1% instances), grc-dep/mark (89; 1% instances), grc-dep/csubj (75; 1% instances), grc-dep/appos (41; 0% instances), grc-dep/vocative (30; 0% instances), grc-dep/nummod (8; 0% instances), grc-dep/parataxis (3; 0% instances), grc-dep/aux (2; 0% instances), grc-dep/ccomp (1; 0% instances), grc-dep/iobj (1; 0% instances)

Children of ADJ nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: VERB (1620; 16% instances), NOUN (1471; 15% instances), ADJ (1309; 13% instances), ADV (1097; 11% instances), DET (1061; 11% instances), PUNCT (827; 8% instances), ADP (712; 7% instances), PART (613; 6% instances), CCONJ (500; 5% instances), PRON (486; 5% instances), SCONJ (78; 1% instances), INTJ (56; 1% instances), NUM (11; 0% instances), X (7; 0% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_Ancient_Greek-PROIEL)

There are 1516 ADJ lemmas (16%), 4403 ADJ types (14%) and 15456 ADJ tokens (8%). Out of 14 observed tags, the rank of ADJ is: 3 in number of lemmas, 3 in number of types and 6 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADJ lemmas: οὗτος, πολύς, πᾶς, μέγας, ἄλλος, τὶς, οὐδείς, πρῶτος, ὅδε, Ἀθηναῖος

The 10 most frequent ADJ types: ταῦτα, τοῦτο, πάντα, τις, τούτων, οὗτοι, οὗτος, τάδε, πρότερον, πάντες

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: οὗτος (ADJ 2060, DET 974), πᾶς (DET 1027, ADJ 544), ἄλλος (ADJ 417, DET 72), τὶς (ADJ 402, DET 295), οὐδείς (ADJ 279, DET 150), ὅδε (ADJ 218, DET 58), αὐτός (PRON 5437, DET 342, ADJ 216), ἐκεῖνος (ADJ 196, DET 170), ἕκαστος (ADJ 163, DET 3), νεκρός (ADJ 130, NOUN 5)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: ταῦτα (ADJ 593, DET 47), τοῦτο (ADJ 401, DET 90), πάντα (ADJ 210, DET 163), τις (ADJ 179, DET 72, PRON 7), τούτων (ADJ 160, DET 78), οὗτοι (ADJ 143, DET 39), οὗτος (ADJ 129, DET 86), τάδε (ADJ 122, DET 6), πάντες (ADJ 109, DET 88), οὐδεὶς (ADJ 90, DET 8)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADJ is 2.904354 (the average of all parts of speech is 3.387371).

The 1st highest number of forms (67) was observed with the lemma “πολύς”: πλέον, πλέοσι, πλέω, πλείονές, πλείονα, πλείονας, πλείονες, πλείονος, πλείοσιν, πλείους, πλείστας, πλείστην, πλείστου, πλείστους, πλείστων, πλείω, πλειόνων, πλεόνων, πλεῖον, πλεῖστα, πλεῖσται, πλεῖστοι, πλεῖστον, πλεῖστος, πλεῖόν, πλεῦνας, πλεῦνες, πλεῦνος, πλεῦνός, πολλά, πολλάς, πολλέων, πολλή, πολλήν, πολλαί, πολλαὶ, πολλαῖς, πολλοί, πολλούς, πολλοὶ, πολλοὺς, πολλοῖς, πολλοῖσί, πολλοῖσι, πολλοῦ, πολλόν, πολλός, πολλὰ, πολλὰς, πολλὴ, πολλὴν, πολλὸν, πολλὸς, πολλῆς, πολλῇ, πολλῇσι, πολλῶ, πολλῶν, πολλῷ, πολύ, πολύν, πολύς, πολὺ, πολὺν, πολὺς, πόλλου, πόλλ’.

The 2nd highest number of forms (43) was observed with the lemma “ἀγαθός”: ἀγαθά, ἀγαθάς, ἀγαθέ, ἀγαθή, ἀγαθήν, ἀγαθοί, ἀγαθούς, ἀγαθοὶ, ἀγαθοὺς, ἀγαθοῖς, ἀγαθοῦ, ἀγαθόν, ἀγαθός, ἀγαθὰ, ἀγαθὲ, ἀγαθὴ, ἀγαθὴν, ἀγαθὸν, ἀγαθὸς, ἀγαθῆς, ἀγαθῇ, ἀγαθῶν, ἀγαθῷ, ἀμείνονα, ἀμείνονας, ἀμείνονες, ἀμείνονος, ἀμείνους, ἀμείνω, ἀμείνων, ἀρίστας, ἀρίστη, ἀρίστου, ἀρίστους, ἀρίστῃ, ἀριστῶν, ἄμεινον, ἄριστά, ἄριστα, ἄριστοί, ἄριστοι, ἄριστον, ἄριστος.

The 3rd highest number of forms (41) was observed with the lemma “μέγας”: μέγα, μέγαν, μέγας, μέγιστα, μέγιστον, μέγιστος, μέγ’, μέζον, μέζονας, μέζονες, μέζονος, μέζοσι, μέζω, μέζων, μείζονα, μείζονας, μείζονος, μείζω, μείζων, μεγάλα, μεγάλαι, μεγάλαις, μεγάλας, μεγάλη, μεγάλην, μεγάλης, μεγάλοι, μεγάλοις, μεγάλοισι, μεγάλου, μεγάλους, μεγάλων, μεγάλῃ, μεγάλῃσι, μεγάλῳ, μεγίστην, μεγίστοισι, μεγίστῃσι, μεγαλέων, μεῖζον, μεῖζόν.

ADJ occurs with 8 features: grc-feat/Case (15452; 100% instances), grc-feat/Number (15452; 100% instances), grc-feat/Gender (15271; 99% instances), grc-feat/Degree (10318; 67% instances), grc-feat/Person (251; 2% instances), grc-feat/Poss (251; 2% instances), grc-feat/Definite (30; 0% instances), grc-feat/PronType (30; 0% instances)

ADJ occurs with 21 feature-value pairs: Case=Acc, Case=Dat, Case=Gen, Case=Nom, Case=Voc, Definite=Def, Degree=Cmp, Degree=Pos, Degree=Sup, Gender=Fem, Gender=Fem,Masc, Gender=Masc, Gender=Masc,Neut, Gender=Neut, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, Poss=Yes, PronType=Dem

ADJ occurs with 224 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur (1152 tokens). Examples: πολλοὶ, Ἀθηναῖοι, Ἰουδαῖοι, Λακεδαιμόνιοι, λοιποὶ, βάρβαροι, πολλοί, μακάριοι, Ἀργεῖοι, μοῦνοι

Relations

ADJ nodes are attached to their parents using 22 different relations: grc-dep/amod (3187; 21% instances), grc-dep/nsubj (2438; 16% instances), grc-dep/obj:dir (2038; 13% instances), grc-dep/advmod (1317; 9% instances), grc-dep/nmod (1057; 7% instances), grc-dep/obl (1056; 7% instances), grc-dep/conj (1048; 7% instances), grc-dep/root (765; 5% instances), grc-dep/iobj (612; 4% instances), grc-dep/xcomp (586; 4% instances), grc-dep/appos (368; 2% instances), grc-dep/nsubj:pass (326; 2% instances), grc-dep/advcl (239; 2% instances), grc-dep/ccomp (159; 1% instances), grc-dep/orphan (95; 1% instances), grc-dep/obl:agent (69; 0% instances), grc-dep/vocative (38; 0% instances), grc-dep/acl (22; 0% instances), grc-dep/parataxis (21; 0% instances), grc-dep/csubj:pass (11; 0% instances), grc-dep/dep (2; 0% instances), grc-dep/flat (2; 0% instances)

Parents of ADJ nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: VERB (7981; 52% instances), NOUN (4462; 29% instances), ADJ (1384; 9% instances), ROOT (765; 5% instances), PROPN (294; 2% instances), ADV (173; 1% instances), PRON (160; 1% instances), AUX (94; 1% instances), NUM (70; 0% instances), ADP (32; 0% instances), CCONJ (15; 0% instances), DET (12; 0% instances), SCONJ (12; 0% instances), INTJ (2; 0% instances)

7945 (51%) ADJ nodes are leaves.

4209 (27%) ADJ nodes have one child.

1678 (11%) ADJ nodes have two children.

1624 (11%) ADJ nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADJ node is 21.

Children of ADJ nodes are attached using 24 different relations: grc-dep/det (3198; 23% instances), grc-dep/case (1420; 10% instances), grc-dep/cop (1163; 8% instances), grc-dep/cc (1050; 7% instances), grc-dep/conj (951; 7% instances), grc-dep/nmod (928; 7% instances), grc-dep/advmod (891; 6% instances), grc-dep/nsubj (879; 6% instances), grc-dep/discourse (814; 6% instances), grc-dep/iobj (559; 4% instances), grc-dep/acl (468; 3% instances), grc-dep/obl (456; 3% instances), grc-dep/advcl (276; 2% instances), grc-dep/appos (261; 2% instances), grc-dep/ccomp (194; 1% instances), grc-dep/mark (187; 1% instances), grc-dep/amod (168; 1% instances), grc-dep/orphan (131; 1% instances), grc-dep/vocative (47; 0% instances), grc-dep/nummod (41; 0% instances), grc-dep/parataxis (10; 0% instances), grc-dep/obj:dir (7; 0% instances), grc-dep/flat (2; 0% instances), grc-dep/fixed (1; 0% instances)

Children of ADJ nodes belong to 13 different parts of speech: DET (3040; 22% instances), NOUN (1780; 13% instances), ADV (1684; 12% instances), ADP (1426; 10% instances), ADJ (1384; 10% instances), VERB (1316; 9% instances), AUX (1178; 8% instances), CCONJ (1055; 7% instances), PRON (702; 5% instances), PROPN (264; 2% instances), SCONJ (188; 1% instances), NUM (66; 0% instances), INTJ (19; 0% instances)


ADJ in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]