ADJ
: adjective
Definition
Adjectives are words that typically modify nouns and specify their properties or attributes. In Italian, adjectives can be used predicatively (as in La casa è gialla “The house is yellow”) and attributively (as in La casa gialla è a destra “The yellow house is on the right side”).
Adjectives in Italian normally agree in number and gender with the noun they modify (both in attributive and predicative position), e.g. la casa gialla (feminine singular), le case gialle (feminine plural).
The class of adjectives in Italian UD also includes ordinal numbers and participial adjectives, both behaving as adjectives morphologically and syntactically.
To conform to the UD guidelines, possessive adjectives are handled as determiners DET.
###Corresponding language-specific part-of-speech tags
A: Adjective
NO: Ordinal Number
Examples
- grande “big”
- vecchio “old”
- verde “green”
- Un caro amico_ “a dear friend”
- Un libro interessante “An interesting book”
- Il cancello è aperto “The gate is open”
- È stato illuminante “It has been illuminating”
- primo “first”, secondo “second”, terzo “third”, IV “fourth”, ennesimo “nth”, ultimo “last”
Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian)
There are 3027 ADJ
lemmas (15%), 4743 ADJ
types (16%) and 18257 ADJ
tokens (6%).
Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of ADJ
is: 3 in number of lemmas, 4 in number of types and 6 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent ADJ
lemmas: primo, altro, nuovo, stesso, italiano, grande, ultimo, pubblico, maggiore, europeo
The 10 most frequent ADJ
types: primo, prima, grande, nuovo, presente, altri, altro, stesso, comune, italiana
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: altro (ADJ 395, PRON 180, DET 78, NOUN 1), nuovo (ADJ 278, NOUN 1), stesso (ADJ 254, PRON 24, ADV 4), italiano (ADJ 241, NOUN 39), grande (ADJ 211, NOUN 2), ultimo (ADJ 166, NOUN 9), pubblico (ADJ 163, NOUN 44), maggiore (ADJ 146, NOUN 2), europeo (ADJ 141, NOUN 7), presente (ADJ 135, NOUN 3)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: prima (ADV 158, ADJ 150, NOUN 2, ADP 1), grande (ADJ 128, NOUN 1), nuovo (ADJ 128, NOUN 1), altri (ADJ 113, PRON 75, DET 27), altro (ADJ 107, PRON 58, DET 4, NOUN 1), stesso (ADJ 99, PRON 12, ADV 4), comune (ADJ 94, NOUN 9), italiana (ADJ 84, NOUN 1), altra (ADJ 88, PRON 23, DET 11), stessa (ADJ 88, PRON 7)
- prima
- grande
- nuovo
- altri
- altro
- ADJ 107: Dovevi veder li , l’ altro ieri , come scappavano mentre noi avanzavamo .
- PRON 58: Le condizioni contingenti variano notevolmente da un paese a l’ altro .
- DET 4: D’ altro canto , se è vero , come ha detto a l’ Ansa il segretario di il vescovo di Goma , Faustino Angabu , che la strada percorsa da il gruppo di italiani massacrati sabato era considerata sicura , è pur vero che lo Zaire è uno di i Paesi più pericolosi di tutta l’ Africa .
- NOUN 1: In sostituzione di il titolo di trasporto di cui a il paragrafo 1 è ammesso l’ impiego di qualsiasi altro mezzo che attesti le indicazioni ivi menzionate .
- stesso
- comune
- italiana
- altra
- stessa
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of ADJ
is 1.566898 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.485733).
The 1st highest number of forms (10) was observed with the lemma “bello”: bei, bel, bell’, bella, belle, belli, bellissima, bellissimi, bellissimo, bello.
The 2nd highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “alto”: alta, alte, alti, altissima, altissimi, altissimo, alto.
The 3rd highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “duro”: dura, dure, duri, durissima, durissimi, durissimo, duro.
ADJ
occurs with 6 features: it-feat/Number (17926; 98% instances), it-feat/Gender (11593; 63% instances), it-feat/NumType (978; 5% instances), it-feat/Degree (432; 2% instances), it-feat/Poss (1; 0% instances), it-feat/PronType (1; 0% instances)
ADJ
occurs with 9 feature-value pairs: Degree=Abs
, Degree=Cmp
, Gender=Fem
, Gender=Masc
, NumType=Ord
, Number=Plur
, Number=Sing
, Poss=Yes
, PronType=Prs
ADJ
occurs with 22 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is Number=Sing
(3927 tokens).
Examples: grande, presente, primo, comune, internazionale, prima, nazionale, mondiale, possibile, sociale
Relations
ADJ
nodes are attached to their parents using 20 different relations: it-dep/amod (15411; 84% instances), it-dep/conj (1008; 6% instances), it-dep/root (738; 4% instances), it-dep/xcomp (418; 2% instances), it-dep/advcl (159; 1% instances), it-dep/obl (130; 1% instances), it-dep/ccomp (99; 1% instances), it-dep/nmod (82; 0% instances), it-dep/acl:relcl (79; 0% instances), it-dep/nsubj (49; 0% instances), it-dep/obj (26; 0% instances), it-dep/obl:agent (13; 0% instances), it-dep/flat:name (9; 0% instances), it-dep/csubj (8; 0% instances), it-dep/nsubj:pass (7; 0% instances), it-dep/parataxis (7; 0% instances), it-dep/acl (6; 0% instances), it-dep/fixed (6; 0% instances), it-dep/csubj:pass (1; 0% instances), it-dep/vocative (1; 0% instances)
Parents of ADJ
nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: NOUN (14830; 81% instances), VERB (1111; 6% instances), ADJ (891; 5% instances), ROOT (738; 4% instances), PROPN (408; 2% instances), PRON (187; 1% instances), NUM (64; 0% instances), ADV (17; 0% instances), X (4; 0% instances), SYM (3; 0% instances), ADP (1; 0% instances), DET (1; 0% instances), PUNCT (1; 0% instances), SCONJ (1; 0% instances)
13501 (74%) ADJ
nodes are leaves.
2657 (15%) ADJ
nodes have one child.
702 (4%) ADJ
nodes have two children.
1397 (8%) ADJ
nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a ADJ
node is 11.
Children of ADJ
nodes are attached using 37 different relations: it-dep/punct (1631; 16% instances), it-dep/advmod (1585; 15% instances), it-dep/obl (1524; 15% instances), it-dep/cop (1146; 11% instances), it-dep/conj (1088; 11% instances), it-dep/cc (865; 8% instances), it-dep/nsubj (799; 8% instances), it-dep/advcl (342; 3% instances), it-dep/det (284; 3% instances), it-dep/case (283; 3% instances), it-dep/mark (271; 3% instances), it-dep/csubj (137; 1% instances), it-dep/aux (91; 1% instances), it-dep/amod (65; 1% instances), it-dep/nummod (47; 0% instances), it-dep/ccomp (43; 0% instances), it-dep/parataxis (41; 0% instances), it-dep/acl:relcl (14; 0% instances), it-dep/iobj (14; 0% instances), it-dep/nsubj:pass (12; 0% instances), it-dep/aux:pass (8; 0% instances), it-dep/acl (6; 0% instances), it-dep/det:poss (6; 0% instances), it-dep/xcomp (6; 0% instances), it-dep/discourse (5; 0% instances), it-dep/vocative (5; 0% instances), it-dep/compound (4; 0% instances), it-dep/obj (4; 0% instances), it-dep/appos (3; 0% instances), it-dep/fixed (3; 0% instances), it-dep/obl:agent (3; 0% instances), it-dep/dep (2; 0% instances), it-dep/det:predet (2; 0% instances), it-dep/csubj:pass (1; 0% instances), it-dep/expl (1; 0% instances), it-dep/expl:impers (1; 0% instances), it-dep/flat:name (1; 0% instances)
Children of ADJ
nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: NOUN (1945; 19% instances), PUNCT (1631; 16% instances), ADV (1603; 15% instances), AUX (1245; 12% instances), ADJ (891; 9% instances), CCONJ (861; 8% instances), VERB (722; 7% instances), PRON (336; 3% instances), ADP (304; 3% instances), DET (294; 3% instances), SCONJ (245; 2% instances), PROPN (191; 2% instances), NUM (61; 1% instances), SYM (10; 0% instances), INTJ (3; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian-ParTUT)
There are 974 ADJ
lemmas (18%), 1411 ADJ
types (18%) and 3260 ADJ
tokens (8%).
Out of 15 observed tags, the rank of ADJ
is: 2 in number of lemmas, 3 in number of types and 6 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent ADJ
lemmas: altro, primo, nuovo, europeo, presente, stesso, economico, finanziario, sociale, maggiore
The 10 most frequent ADJ
types: presente, altri, primo, europeo, sociale, economica, nuovo, stesso, finanziario, altre
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: altro (ADJ 71, PRON 36, DET 1), primo (ADJ 65, PRON 3), europeo (ADJ 46, NOUN 2), stesso (ADJ 43, PRON 4), ultimo (ADJ 28, PRON 6), pubblico (ADJ 25, NOUN 19), politico (ADJ 23, NOUN 6), secondo (ADP 19, ADJ 17, PRON 1), buono (ADJ 16, NOUN 1), interno (ADJ 15, NOUN 7)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: altri (ADJ 30, PRON 18), primo (ADJ 27, PRON 2), stesso (ADJ 20, PRON 2), altre (ADJ 17, PRON 4, DET 1), altro (ADJ 16, PRON 10), prima (ADJ 15, ADP 11, ADV 8, PRON 1), francese (ADJ 11, NOUN 1), pari (ADJ 10, NOUN 1), direttrici (ADJ 9, NOUN 1), fa (ADJ 9, VERB 8)
- altri
- primo
- stesso
- altre
- ADJ 17: Rispetto ad altre economie emergenti , la Cina è di una stoffa diversa .
- PRON 4: Ma è chiaro che le società finanziarie competono con altre per le risorse , soprattutto per la forza lavoro competente .
- DET 1: STANFORD - Ogni anno le malattie provocate da le zanzare uccidono milioni di persone e sono causa di sofferenza per molte altre .
- altro
- prima
- ADJ 15: Questo fu scoperto per la prima volta in il 1859 .
- ADP 11: Arrivarono 1,3 miliardi di anni fa , centinaia di milioni di anni prima di le prime piante .
- ADV 8: esattamente un anno prima era nato Louis - Daniel ma sopravvisse solo un mese .
- PRON 1: Susanna , la prima di i tre bambini , nacque sei mesi dopo il 26 maggio 1583 .
- francese
- pari
- direttrici
- fa
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of ADJ
is 1.448665 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.446672).
The 1st highest number of forms (6) was observed with the lemma “primo”: 1º, I, prima, prime, primi, primo.
The 2nd highest number of forms (4) was observed with the lemma “agricolo”: agricola, agricole, agricoli, agricolo.
The 3rd highest number of forms (4) was observed with the lemma “altro”: altra, altre, altri, altro.
ADJ
occurs with 4 features: it-feat/Number (3214; 99% instances), it-feat/Gender (1990; 61% instances), it-feat/NumType (157; 5% instances), it-feat/Degree (80; 2% instances)
ADJ
occurs with 7 feature-value pairs: Degree=Abs
, Degree=Cmp
, Gender=Fem
, Gender=Masc
, NumType=Ord
, Number=Plur
, Number=Sing
ADJ
occurs with 18 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is Number=Sing
(737 tokens).
Examples: presente, sociale, grande, importante, internazionale, primo, europeo, intellettuale, forte, francese
Relations
ADJ
nodes are attached to their parents using 18 different relations: it-dep/amod (2760; 85% instances), it-dep/conj (178; 5% instances), it-dep/root (119; 4% instances), it-dep/xcomp (72; 2% instances), it-dep/obl (24; 1% instances), it-dep/ccomp (22; 1% instances), it-dep/advcl (21; 1% instances), it-dep/nmod (16; 0% instances), it-dep/acl:relcl (12; 0% instances), it-dep/flat (11; 0% instances), it-dep/acl (7; 0% instances), it-dep/nsubj (6; 0% instances), it-dep/obj (5; 0% instances), it-dep/csubj:pass (3; 0% instances), it-dep/advmod (1; 0% instances), it-dep/csubj (1; 0% instances), it-dep/goeswith (1; 0% instances), it-dep/nsubj:pass (1; 0% instances)
Parents of ADJ
nodes belong to 10 different parts of speech: NOUN (2713; 83% instances), VERB (175; 5% instances), ADJ (165; 5% instances), ROOT (119; 4% instances), PROPN (56; 2% instances), PRON (26; 1% instances), NUM (2; 0% instances), SYM (2; 0% instances), ADV (1; 0% instances), CCONJ (1; 0% instances)
2451 (75%) ADJ
nodes are leaves.
470 (14%) ADJ
nodes have one child.
113 (3%) ADJ
nodes have two children.
226 (7%) ADJ
nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a ADJ
node is 9.
Children of ADJ
nodes are attached using 27 different relations: it-dep/advmod (285; 16% instances), it-dep/obl (252; 14% instances), it-dep/punct (246; 14% instances), it-dep/conj (197; 11% instances), it-dep/cop (192; 11% instances), it-dep/cc (157; 9% instances), it-dep/nsubj (129; 7% instances), it-dep/advcl (68; 4% instances), it-dep/mark (45; 3% instances), it-dep/det (41; 2% instances), it-dep/case (40; 2% instances), it-dep/aux (28; 2% instances), it-dep/csubj (26; 1% instances), it-dep/amod (12; 1% instances), it-dep/ccomp (11; 1% instances), it-dep/nsubj:pass (6; 0% instances), it-dep/nummod (5; 0% instances), it-dep/aux:pass (3; 0% instances), it-dep/appos (1; 0% instances), it-dep/det:poss (1; 0% instances), it-dep/goeswith (1; 0% instances), it-dep/iobj (1; 0% instances), it-dep/nmod (1; 0% instances), it-dep/obj (1; 0% instances), it-dep/parataxis (1; 0% instances), it-dep/vocative (1; 0% instances), it-dep/xcomp (1; 0% instances)
Children of ADJ
nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: NOUN (321; 18% instances), ADV (287; 16% instances), PUNCT (246; 14% instances), AUX (223; 13% instances), ADJ (165; 9% instances), CCONJ (158; 9% instances), VERB (132; 8% instances), PRON (58; 3% instances), ADP (44; 3% instances), DET (42; 2% instances), SCONJ (40; 2% instances), PROPN (22; 1% instances), NUM (10; 1% instances), SYM (4; 0% instances)
ADJ in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]