home it/pos edit page issue tracker

This page still pertains to UD version 1.

ADJ: adjective

Definition

Adjectives are words that typically modify nouns and specify their properties or attributes. In Italian, adjectives can be used predicatively (as in La casa è gialla “The house is yellow”) and attributively (as in La casa gialla è a destra “The yellow house is on the right side”).

Adjectives in Italian normally agree in number and gender with the noun they modify (both in attributive and predicative position), e.g. la casa gialla (feminine singular), le case gialle (feminine plural).

The class of adjectives in Italian UD also includes ordinal numbers and participial adjectives, both behaving as adjectives morphologically and syntactically.

To conform to the UD guidelines, possessive adjectives are handled as determiners DET.

###Corresponding language-specific part-of-speech tags

A: Adjective

NO: Ordinal Number

Examples


Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian)

There are 3027 ADJ lemmas (15%), 4743 ADJ types (16%) and 18257 ADJ tokens (6%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of ADJ is: 3 in number of lemmas, 4 in number of types and 6 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADJ lemmas: primo, altro, nuovo, stesso, italiano, grande, ultimo, pubblico, maggiore, europeo

The 10 most frequent ADJ types: primo, prima, grande, nuovo, presente, altri, altro, stesso, comune, italiana

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: altro (ADJ 395, PRON 180, DET 78, NOUN 1), nuovo (ADJ 278, NOUN 1), stesso (ADJ 254, PRON 24, ADV 4), italiano (ADJ 241, NOUN 39), grande (ADJ 211, NOUN 2), ultimo (ADJ 166, NOUN 9), pubblico (ADJ 163, NOUN 44), maggiore (ADJ 146, NOUN 2), europeo (ADJ 141, NOUN 7), presente (ADJ 135, NOUN 3)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: prima (ADV 158, ADJ 150, NOUN 2, ADP 1), grande (ADJ 128, NOUN 1), nuovo (ADJ 128, NOUN 1), altri (ADJ 113, PRON 75, DET 27), altro (ADJ 107, PRON 58, DET 4, NOUN 1), stesso (ADJ 99, PRON 12, ADV 4), comune (ADJ 94, NOUN 9), italiana (ADJ 84, NOUN 1), altra (ADJ 88, PRON 23, DET 11), stessa (ADJ 88, PRON 7)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADJ is 1.566898 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.485733).

The 1st highest number of forms (10) was observed with the lemma “bello”: bei, bel, bell’, bella, belle, belli, bellissima, bellissimi, bellissimo, bello.

The 2nd highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “alto”: alta, alte, alti, altissima, altissimi, altissimo, alto.

The 3rd highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “duro”: dura, dure, duri, durissima, durissimi, durissimo, duro.

ADJ occurs with 6 features: it-feat/Number (17926; 98% instances), it-feat/Gender (11593; 63% instances), it-feat/NumType (978; 5% instances), it-feat/Degree (432; 2% instances), it-feat/Poss (1; 0% instances), it-feat/PronType (1; 0% instances)

ADJ occurs with 9 feature-value pairs: Degree=Abs, Degree=Cmp, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, NumType=Ord, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Poss=Yes, PronType=Prs

ADJ occurs with 22 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Number=Sing (3927 tokens). Examples: grande, presente, primo, comune, internazionale, prima, nazionale, mondiale, possibile, sociale

Relations

ADJ nodes are attached to their parents using 20 different relations: it-dep/amod (15411; 84% instances), it-dep/conj (1008; 6% instances), it-dep/root (738; 4% instances), it-dep/xcomp (418; 2% instances), it-dep/advcl (159; 1% instances), it-dep/obl (130; 1% instances), it-dep/ccomp (99; 1% instances), it-dep/nmod (82; 0% instances), it-dep/acl:relcl (79; 0% instances), it-dep/nsubj (49; 0% instances), it-dep/obj (26; 0% instances), it-dep/obl:agent (13; 0% instances), it-dep/flat:name (9; 0% instances), it-dep/csubj (8; 0% instances), it-dep/nsubj:pass (7; 0% instances), it-dep/parataxis (7; 0% instances), it-dep/acl (6; 0% instances), it-dep/fixed (6; 0% instances), it-dep/csubj:pass (1; 0% instances), it-dep/vocative (1; 0% instances)

Parents of ADJ nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: NOUN (14830; 81% instances), VERB (1111; 6% instances), ADJ (891; 5% instances), ROOT (738; 4% instances), PROPN (408; 2% instances), PRON (187; 1% instances), NUM (64; 0% instances), ADV (17; 0% instances), X (4; 0% instances), SYM (3; 0% instances), ADP (1; 0% instances), DET (1; 0% instances), PUNCT (1; 0% instances), SCONJ (1; 0% instances)

13501 (74%) ADJ nodes are leaves.

2657 (15%) ADJ nodes have one child.

702 (4%) ADJ nodes have two children.

1397 (8%) ADJ nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADJ node is 11.

Children of ADJ nodes are attached using 37 different relations: it-dep/punct (1631; 16% instances), it-dep/advmod (1585; 15% instances), it-dep/obl (1524; 15% instances), it-dep/cop (1146; 11% instances), it-dep/conj (1088; 11% instances), it-dep/cc (865; 8% instances), it-dep/nsubj (799; 8% instances), it-dep/advcl (342; 3% instances), it-dep/det (284; 3% instances), it-dep/case (283; 3% instances), it-dep/mark (271; 3% instances), it-dep/csubj (137; 1% instances), it-dep/aux (91; 1% instances), it-dep/amod (65; 1% instances), it-dep/nummod (47; 0% instances), it-dep/ccomp (43; 0% instances), it-dep/parataxis (41; 0% instances), it-dep/acl:relcl (14; 0% instances), it-dep/iobj (14; 0% instances), it-dep/nsubj:pass (12; 0% instances), it-dep/aux:pass (8; 0% instances), it-dep/acl (6; 0% instances), it-dep/det:poss (6; 0% instances), it-dep/xcomp (6; 0% instances), it-dep/discourse (5; 0% instances), it-dep/vocative (5; 0% instances), it-dep/compound (4; 0% instances), it-dep/obj (4; 0% instances), it-dep/appos (3; 0% instances), it-dep/fixed (3; 0% instances), it-dep/obl:agent (3; 0% instances), it-dep/dep (2; 0% instances), it-dep/det:predet (2; 0% instances), it-dep/csubj:pass (1; 0% instances), it-dep/expl (1; 0% instances), it-dep/expl:impers (1; 0% instances), it-dep/flat:name (1; 0% instances)

Children of ADJ nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: NOUN (1945; 19% instances), PUNCT (1631; 16% instances), ADV (1603; 15% instances), AUX (1245; 12% instances), ADJ (891; 9% instances), CCONJ (861; 8% instances), VERB (722; 7% instances), PRON (336; 3% instances), ADP (304; 3% instances), DET (294; 3% instances), SCONJ (245; 2% instances), PROPN (191; 2% instances), NUM (61; 1% instances), SYM (10; 0% instances), INTJ (3; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian-ParTUT)

There are 974 ADJ lemmas (18%), 1411 ADJ types (18%) and 3260 ADJ tokens (8%). Out of 15 observed tags, the rank of ADJ is: 2 in number of lemmas, 3 in number of types and 6 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADJ lemmas: altro, primo, nuovo, europeo, presente, stesso, economico, finanziario, sociale, maggiore

The 10 most frequent ADJ types: presente, altri, primo, europeo, sociale, economica, nuovo, stesso, finanziario, altre

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: altro (ADJ 71, PRON 36, DET 1), primo (ADJ 65, PRON 3), europeo (ADJ 46, NOUN 2), stesso (ADJ 43, PRON 4), ultimo (ADJ 28, PRON 6), pubblico (ADJ 25, NOUN 19), politico (ADJ 23, NOUN 6), secondo (ADP 19, ADJ 17, PRON 1), buono (ADJ 16, NOUN 1), interno (ADJ 15, NOUN 7)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: altri (ADJ 30, PRON 18), primo (ADJ 27, PRON 2), stesso (ADJ 20, PRON 2), altre (ADJ 17, PRON 4, DET 1), altro (ADJ 16, PRON 10), prima (ADJ 15, ADP 11, ADV 8, PRON 1), francese (ADJ 11, NOUN 1), pari (ADJ 10, NOUN 1), direttrici (ADJ 9, NOUN 1), fa (ADJ 9, VERB 8)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADJ is 1.448665 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.446672).

The 1st highest number of forms (6) was observed with the lemma “primo”: 1º, I, prima, prime, primi, primo.

The 2nd highest number of forms (4) was observed with the lemma “agricolo”: agricola, agricole, agricoli, agricolo.

The 3rd highest number of forms (4) was observed with the lemma “altro”: altra, altre, altri, altro.

ADJ occurs with 4 features: it-feat/Number (3214; 99% instances), it-feat/Gender (1990; 61% instances), it-feat/NumType (157; 5% instances), it-feat/Degree (80; 2% instances)

ADJ occurs with 7 feature-value pairs: Degree=Abs, Degree=Cmp, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, NumType=Ord, Number=Plur, Number=Sing

ADJ occurs with 18 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Number=Sing (737 tokens). Examples: presente, sociale, grande, importante, internazionale, primo, europeo, intellettuale, forte, francese

Relations

ADJ nodes are attached to their parents using 18 different relations: it-dep/amod (2760; 85% instances), it-dep/conj (178; 5% instances), it-dep/root (119; 4% instances), it-dep/xcomp (72; 2% instances), it-dep/obl (24; 1% instances), it-dep/ccomp (22; 1% instances), it-dep/advcl (21; 1% instances), it-dep/nmod (16; 0% instances), it-dep/acl:relcl (12; 0% instances), it-dep/flat (11; 0% instances), it-dep/acl (7; 0% instances), it-dep/nsubj (6; 0% instances), it-dep/obj (5; 0% instances), it-dep/csubj:pass (3; 0% instances), it-dep/advmod (1; 0% instances), it-dep/csubj (1; 0% instances), it-dep/goeswith (1; 0% instances), it-dep/nsubj:pass (1; 0% instances)

Parents of ADJ nodes belong to 10 different parts of speech: NOUN (2713; 83% instances), VERB (175; 5% instances), ADJ (165; 5% instances), ROOT (119; 4% instances), PROPN (56; 2% instances), PRON (26; 1% instances), NUM (2; 0% instances), SYM (2; 0% instances), ADV (1; 0% instances), CCONJ (1; 0% instances)

2451 (75%) ADJ nodes are leaves.

470 (14%) ADJ nodes have one child.

113 (3%) ADJ nodes have two children.

226 (7%) ADJ nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADJ node is 9.

Children of ADJ nodes are attached using 27 different relations: it-dep/advmod (285; 16% instances), it-dep/obl (252; 14% instances), it-dep/punct (246; 14% instances), it-dep/conj (197; 11% instances), it-dep/cop (192; 11% instances), it-dep/cc (157; 9% instances), it-dep/nsubj (129; 7% instances), it-dep/advcl (68; 4% instances), it-dep/mark (45; 3% instances), it-dep/det (41; 2% instances), it-dep/case (40; 2% instances), it-dep/aux (28; 2% instances), it-dep/csubj (26; 1% instances), it-dep/amod (12; 1% instances), it-dep/ccomp (11; 1% instances), it-dep/nsubj:pass (6; 0% instances), it-dep/nummod (5; 0% instances), it-dep/aux:pass (3; 0% instances), it-dep/appos (1; 0% instances), it-dep/det:poss (1; 0% instances), it-dep/goeswith (1; 0% instances), it-dep/iobj (1; 0% instances), it-dep/nmod (1; 0% instances), it-dep/obj (1; 0% instances), it-dep/parataxis (1; 0% instances), it-dep/vocative (1; 0% instances), it-dep/xcomp (1; 0% instances)

Children of ADJ nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: NOUN (321; 18% instances), ADV (287; 16% instances), PUNCT (246; 14% instances), AUX (223; 13% instances), ADJ (165; 9% instances), CCONJ (158; 9% instances), VERB (132; 8% instances), PRON (58; 3% instances), ADP (44; 3% instances), DET (42; 2% instances), SCONJ (40; 2% instances), PROPN (22; 1% instances), NUM (10; 1% instances), SYM (4; 0% instances)


ADJ in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]