ADJ: adjective
Definition
Adjectives are words that typically modify nouns and specify their properties or attributes. They may also function as predicates. These include the categories known as 區別詞 / qūbiécí and 形容詞 / xíngróngcí.
- 好 風景 / hǎo fēngjǐng “good scenery”
- 天氣 很 好 / tiānqì hěn hǎo “The weather is good.”
The adjective may by accompanied by the particle 的 / de when functioning as a prenominal modifier (for either 區別詞 / qūbiécí or 形容詞 / xíngróngcí), and obligatorily when functioning as a predicate if it is a 區別詞 / qūbiécí.
- 美麗 的 風景 / měilì de fēngjǐng “beautiful scenery”
- 這 隻 鳥 是 雌 的 / zhè zhī niǎo shì cí de “This bird is female.”
Note that ordinal numerals such as 第一 / dìyī “first” and 第三 / dìsān “third” are to be treated as adjectives and tagged ADJ per UD specifications, even though they are traditionally classified as numerals in Chinese.
Examples
- 形容詞 / xíngróngcí
- 好 / hǎo “good”, 美麗 / měilì “beautiful”, 小 / xiǎo “small”, 老 / lǎo “old”
- 區別詞 / qūbiécí
- 金 / jīn “gold(en)”, 男 / nán “male”, 慢性 / mànxìng “slow acting”
- Ordinal numbers
- 第一 / dìyī “first”, 第三 / dìsān “third”, 第五十三 / dìwǔshísān “fifty-third”
Treebank Statistics (UD_Chinese)
There are 1024 ADJ lemmas (5%), 1024 ADJ types (5%) and 2761 ADJ tokens (2%).
Out of 15 observed tags, the rank of ADJ is: 5 in number of lemmas, 5 in number of types and 9 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent ADJ lemmas: 不同、 一些、 重要、 主要、 一般、 最高、 大、 最大、 唯一、 高
The 10 most frequent ADJ types: 不同、 一些、 重要、 主要、 一般、 最高、 大、 最大、 唯一、 高
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: 不同 (ADJ 87, NOUN 4, VERB 1), 一些 (ADJ 65, NUM 1), 主要 (ADJ 52, ADV 47), 一般 (ADJ 34, ADV 25), 最高 (ADJ 34, ADV 2), 大 (PART 143, ADJ 31, ADV 17, PROPN 3, NOUN 1), 唯一 (ADJ 27, ADV 2), 高 (ADJ 26, PART 12, PROPN 7, VERB 1), 大量 (ADJ 25, ADV 2), 不少 (ADJ 22, NUM 1)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: 不同 (ADJ 87, NOUN 4, VERB 1), 一些 (ADJ 65, NUM 1), 主要 (ADJ 52, ADV 47), 一般 (ADJ 34, ADV 25), 最高 (ADJ 34, ADV 2), 大 (PART 143, ADJ 31, ADV 17, PROPN 3, NOUN 1), 唯一 (ADJ 27, ADV 2), 高 (ADJ 26, PART 12, PROPN 7, VERB 1), 大量 (ADJ 25, ADV 2), 不少 (ADJ 22, NUM 1)
- 不同
- 一些
- 主要
- 一般
- 最高
- 大
- PART 143: 當年 為 培養 「 天下 最惡 的 人 」 , 說服 十 大 惡人 饒過 小魚兒 .
- ADJ 31: 1956 年 , 首次 推行 的 許多 改革 措施 在 卡達爾 當政 期間 雖 依然 保留 , 但 在 外交 上 卻 沒有 任何 大 的 改變 .
- ADV 17: 大 多數 的 加長 型 禮車 則是 租車 公司 的 財產 .
- PROPN 3: 民國 二 年 ( 1913 年 ) , 山西 省 政府 接管 大 朔 中 學校 , 將 校名 改 為 山西 省 立 第三 中學 .
- NOUN 1: 許多 士兵 擁護 他 的 觀點 , 聲勢 之 大 , 甚至 驚動 了 執政 官 貝爾蘇斯 .
- 唯一
- 高
- 大量
- 不少
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of ADJ is 1.000000 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.000284).
The 1st highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “一些”: 一些.
The 2nd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “一切”: 一切.
The 3rd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “一勞永逸”: 一勞永逸.
ADJ does not occur with any features.
Relations
ADJ nodes are attached to their parents using 23 different relations: zh-dep/amod (1509; 55% instances), zh-dep/dep (169; 6% instances), zh-dep/ccomp (152; 6% instances), zh-dep/case:suff (145; 5% instances), zh-dep/acl:relcl (141; 5% instances), zh-dep/root (132; 5% instances), zh-dep/acl (103; 4% instances), zh-dep/advmod (94; 3% instances), zh-dep/conj (82; 3% instances), zh-dep/advcl (46; 2% instances), zh-dep/xcomp (43; 2% instances), zh-dep/nmod (42; 2% instances), zh-dep/det (30; 1% instances), zh-dep/csubj (27; 1% instances), zh-dep/dislocated (10; 0% instances), zh-dep/cop (8; 0% instances), zh-dep/obj (7; 0% instances), zh-dep/case:pref (6; 0% instances), zh-dep/nummod (4; 0% instances), zh-dep/appos (3; 0% instances), zh-dep/nsubj (3; 0% instances), zh-dep/obl (3; 0% instances), zh-dep/nsubj:pass (2; 0% instances)
Parents of ADJ nodes belong to 11 different parts of speech: NOUN (1586; 57% instances), VERB (525; 19% instances), PART (310; 11% instances), ADJ (176; 6% instances), ROOT (132; 5% instances), PROPN (12; 0% instances), X (8; 0% instances), NUM (4; 0% instances), PRON (4; 0% instances), ADV (3; 0% instances), ADP (1; 0% instances)
1282 (46%) ADJ nodes are leaves.
713 (26%) ADJ nodes have one child.
355 (13%) ADJ nodes have two children.
411 (15%) ADJ nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a ADJ node is 15.
Children of ADJ nodes are attached using 32 different relations: zh-dep/mark:relcl (674; 20% instances), zh-dep/nsubj (531; 16% instances), zh-dep/advmod (488; 15% instances), zh-dep/punct (452; 14% instances), zh-dep/cop (180; 5% instances), zh-dep/nmod (180; 5% instances), zh-dep/mark (131; 4% instances), zh-dep/dep (127; 4% instances), zh-dep/advcl (105; 3% instances), zh-dep/conj (87; 3% instances), zh-dep/case (59; 2% instances), zh-dep/cc (44; 1% instances), zh-dep/discourse (34; 1% instances), zh-dep/nmod:tmod (34; 1% instances), zh-dep/case:dec (30; 1% instances), zh-dep/csubj (30; 1% instances), zh-dep/acl (29; 1% instances), zh-dep/aux (25; 1% instances), zh-dep/obj (23; 1% instances), zh-dep/ccomp (20; 1% instances), zh-dep/mark:comp (18; 1% instances), zh-dep/xcomp (16; 0% instances), zh-dep/mark:advb (8; 0% instances), zh-dep/case:aspect (6; 0% instances), zh-dep/nummod (4; 0% instances), zh-dep/appos (3; 0% instances), zh-dep/amod (2; 0% instances), zh-dep/aux:pass (2; 0% instances), zh-dep/aux:caus (1; 0% instances), zh-dep/case:pref (1; 0% instances), zh-dep/det (1; 0% instances), zh-dep/nsubj:pass (1; 0% instances)
Children of ADJ nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: PART (822; 25% instances), NOUN (731; 22% instances), ADV (473; 14% instances), PUNCT (451; 13% instances), VERB (234; 7% instances), AUX (197; 6% instances), ADJ (176; 5% instances), ADP (72; 2% instances), PROPN (46; 1% instances), CCONJ (44; 1% instances), PRON (44; 1% instances), X (42; 1% instances), NUM (13; 0% instances), SYM (1; 0% instances)
ADJ in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]