home sl/pos edit page issue tracker

PRON: pronoun

Definition

Within the universal scheme, pronouns are words that substitute for nouns or noun phrases and whose meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context. Pronouns under this definition function like nouns, which means that the term cannot be extended to words that substitute for adjectives or other POS categories, as is usually the case in Slovenian grammar. Instead, attributive pronouns are tagged as determiners.

For instance, to “this” is traditionally called pronoun in Slovenian grammar, regardless of its syntactic context. To make the annotation parallel across languages, it is now tagged PRON in To sem že slišal. “I have heard this before.” and as DET in To besedilo je nerazumljivo. “This text is incomprehensible.”

Examples

• jaz “me”, ti “you”, on “he”
• oba “both”, ves “all”, vsak “anyone”, vsakdo “anyone”
• ta “this one”, tale “this one”, tisti “that one”
• nič “nothing”, nihče “nobody”, nobeden “noone”
• kar “which”, karkoli “anything”, kdor “who”
• se “oneself”
• moj “mine”, tvoj “yours”, njihov “theirs”
• kaj “what”, kdo “who”
• nekaj “something”, nekdo “somebody”, malokdo “not a lot of people”

Conversion from JOS

All pronouns are converted to PRON, except for pronouns that function as attributes to nouns (through Attr dependency relation), which are converted to DET.

---

Treebank Statistics (UD_Slovenian)

There are 31 PRON lemmas (0%), 120 PRON types (0%) and 4808 PRON tokens (4%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of PRON is: 11 in number of lemmas, 9 in number of types and 9 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PRON lemmas: se, on, jaz, ti, kaj, kar, kdo, nič, nekaj, zame

The 10 most frequent PRON types: se, ga, jih, si, jo, mu, mi, kaj, kar, ji

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: on (PRON 1401, X 1), jaz (PRON 442, NOUN 2), kaj (PRON 129, ADV 18), kar (PRON 129, ADV 94), nič (PRON 63, ADV 16), nekaj (DET 171, PRON 60)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: si (PRON 219, AUX 23, VERB 3), jo (PRON 201, X 1), mu (PRON 143, X 2), kaj (PRON 95, ADV 17), kar (PRON 95, ADV 85), nekaj (DET 152, PRON 53), nič (PRON 41, ADV 16), vas (PRON 36, NOUN 8), ti (PRON 14, DET 14), te (DET 77, PRON 14)

• si
  • PRON 219: Prvo pravilo : Za nakup si je treba vzeti čas .
  • AUX 23: Tak si , kot da bi videl duha , « se je porogal Mosca .
  • VERB 3: Ko si enkrat na vrhu in se poškoduješ , se je težko vrniti .
• jo
  • PRON 201: Čebulo olupimo , jo narežemo na obročke .
  • X 1: ( jo )
• mu
  • PRON 143: » Potem pa le pazi name , « se mu je v odgovor nasmehnila Regina .
  • X 2: ( mu )
• kaj
  • PRON 95: Toda kaj je energija “ nacionalizma “ ?
  • ADV 17: Tudi če bi kdo hotel , se ne more kaj posebno pregrešiti s požrešnostjo .
• kar
  • PRON 95: Vse , kar se vam bo dogajalo , boste morali deliti z drugimi .
  • ADV 85: V skrajnih primerih jih pesti že kar kompleks superiornosti .
• nekaj
  • DET 152: Simpatična uradna stran z nekaj prav zanimivimi rubrikami .
  • PRON 53: A nekaj v meni mi ni dovolilo , da bi zaploskala .
• nič
  • PRON 41: Oči menda ni bil nič boljši .
  • ADV 16: Vas ni prav nič strah , da ne bi v Atene prišli optimalno pripravljeni ?
• vas
  • PRON 36: Naj bo tako , čeprav vas nihče ne bo podpiral , in daleč boste prišli .
  • NOUN 8: Z leti sem spoznal , da je Fara nenavadno zanimiva vas .
• ti
  • PRON 14: » Oho , ti si pa poln keša ! « ga je občudujoče pogledala Karmen .
  • DET 14: V zadnjih 20 letih so se ti cilji stalno spreminjali .
• te
  • DET 77: Če te ne bi bilo , ne bi pomagal niti izredno ugoden splet okoliščin .
  • PRON 14: Ne , če te hočejo pokončati , te bodo našli kjerkoli .

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PRON is 3.870968 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.870691).

The 1st highest number of forms (24) was observed with the lemma “on”: ga, je, ji, jih, jim, jima, jo, ju, mu, nje, njega, njej, njem, njemu, njih, njiju, njim, njima, njimi, njo, on, ona, onadva, oni.

The 2nd highest number of forms (13) was observed with the lemma “jaz”: jaz, mano, me, mene, meni, menoj, mi, midva, naju, nam, nama, nami, nas.

The 3rd highest number of forms (11) was observed with the lemma “ti”: tabo, te, tebe, tebi, ti, vaju, vam, vama, vami, vas, vi.

PRON occurs with 7 features: sl-feat/PronType (4808; 100% instances), sl-feat/Variant (3526; 73% instances), sl-feat/Case (2950; 61% instances), sl-feat/Number (2628; 55% instances), sl-feat/Reflex (2180; 45% instances), sl-feat/Person (2093; 44% instances), sl-feat/Gender (2031; 42% instances)

PRON occurs with 24 feature-value pairs: Case=Acc, Case=Dat, Case=Gen, Case=Ins, Case=Loc, Case=Nom, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Gender=Neut, Number=Dual, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, PronType=Ind, PronType=Int, PronType=Neg, PronType=Prs, PronType=Rel, PronType=Tot, Reflex=Yes, Variant=Bound, Variant=Short

PRON occurs with 148 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Variant=Short (1858 tokens). Examples: se

Relations

PRON nodes are attached to their parents using 14 different relations: sl-dep/expl (2069; 43% instances), sl-dep/obj (1530; 32% instances), sl-dep/obl (412; 9% instances), sl-dep/nsubj (348; 7% instances), sl-dep/iobj (276; 6% instances), sl-dep/nmod (131; 3% instances), sl-dep/conj (21; 0% instances), sl-dep/root (8; 0% instances), sl-dep/ccomp (4; 0% instances), sl-dep/xcomp (4; 0% instances), sl-dep/fixed (2; 0% instances), sl-dep/acl (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/advcl (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/parataxis (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PRON nodes belong to 9 different parts of speech: VERB (4471; 93% instances), ADJ (172; 4% instances), NOUN (121; 3% instances), DET (11; 0% instances), ROOT (8; 0% instances), ADV (7; 0% instances), PROPN (7; 0% instances), PRON (6; 0% instances), NUM (5; 0% instances)

4241 (88%) PRON nodes are leaves.

494 (10%) PRON nodes have one child.

50 (1%) PRON nodes have two children.

23 (0%) PRON nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PRON node is 7.

Children of PRON nodes are attached using 19 different relations: sl-dep/case (442; 63% instances), sl-dep/amod (49; 7% instances), sl-dep/nmod (35; 5% instances), sl-dep/conj (29; 4% instances), sl-dep/acl (24; 3% instances), sl-dep/cc (21; 3% instances), sl-dep/advmod (17; 2% instances), sl-dep/cop (17; 2% instances), sl-dep/punct (17; 2% instances), sl-dep/obl (15; 2% instances), sl-dep/nsubj (12; 2% instances), sl-dep/mark (5; 1% instances), sl-dep/fixed (4; 1% instances), sl-dep/aux (3; 0% instances), sl-dep/cc:preconj (2; 0% instances), sl-dep/parataxis (2; 0% instances), sl-dep/advcl (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/appos (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/csubj (1; 0% instances)

Children of PRON nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: ADP (437; 63% instances), ADJ (63; 9% instances), NOUN (52; 7% instances), DET (26; 4% instances), CCONJ (23; 3% instances), AUX (20; 3% instances), VERB (20; 3% instances), PUNCT (17; 2% instances), ADV (10; 1% instances), SCONJ (10; 1% instances), PART (8; 1% instances), PRON (6; 1% instances), PROPN (3; 0% instances), NUM (1; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)

---

Treebank Statistics (UD_Slovenian-SST)

There are 17 PRON lemmas (1%), 71 PRON types (2%) and 1096 PRON tokens (6%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of PRON is: 13 in number of lemmas, 9 in number of types and 9 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PRON lemmas: se, jaz, on, kaj, ti, kar, kdo, nekdo, zame, nihče

The 10 most frequent PRON types: se, kaj, jaz, mi, ti, jih, ga, si, kar, jo

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: kaj (PRON 143, ADV 26), ti (PRON 132, X 1, INTJ 1), kar (ADV 48, PRON 26)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: se (PRON 263, X 4), kaj (PRON 136, ADV 26), mi (PRON 75, X 1), ti (PRON 68, DET 11, INTJ 1, X 1), ga (PRON 37, X 1), si (AUX 34, PRON 33, VERB 16), kar (ADV 48, PRON 24), on (PRON 16, X 1), ona (PRON 14, DET 4), te (DET 23, PRON 10, ADV 9)

• se
  • PRON 263: eee to se bo očitno razmahnilo
  • X 4: ja se [gap] se [gap]
• kaj
  • PRON 136: tri tavžent kart je samo ven šlo veš kaj to
  • ADV 26: kaj bi imela enega mi ti napravimo
• mi
  • PRON 75: no mi pa bomo slišali eee seveda utwo in beautiful day
  • X 1: ampak nisem s [gap] pa še zmeraj jaz nekaj za jezike bil spe [gap] spet eee sem jaz cvek pisal če sem če smo eee dela [gap] delal sem pol mat [gap] mi [gap] takrat je bila eee matura ne diploma na poklicni šoli ker sem jaz prvo končal
• ti
  • PRON 68: ko bo prišel domov pa ti bo stopnice pokozlal
  • DET 11: samo ti pa niso v oplotnici doma ti so jo v zrečah
  • INTJ 1: pa če noče zaspati ko je še mala pa ji špilaš pred posteljico veš [audience:laughter] tako delaš ti di di pa še igraš
  • X 1: in se smejem kot matasta tipo ki že costi ti ga bi bujeri ser [all:laughter]
• ga
  • PRON 37: ja zdaj če se če se vam zdi frizer če ga damo med nezasebne super
  • X 1: in se smejem kot matasta tipo ki že costi ti ga bi bujeri ser [all:laughter]
• si
  • AUX 34: na vrhu je tako kot si rekla en šef lahko sta tudi dva
  • PRON 33: se pravi tukaj si boste zapisovali vzorce en dva tri štiri pet
  • VERB 16: si ?
• kar
  • ADV 48: in to so mešali kar eno olje pa ene take č [gap] stare barve
  • PRON 24: ja eee ker svet ni več tako zelo prijazen vsaj kar se tega tiče
• on
  • PRON 16: ja veš kaj on je absolvent ne
  • X 1: eee torej on [gap] o [gap]
• ona
  • PRON 14: [:voice] no ja eee kaj zdaj ona hodi tudi na salso ?
  • DET 4: eee kjer je ona zelenica
• te
  • DET 23: mhm … ja vse je do te višine a ne
  • PRON 10: [gap] iščem pa [gap] ne te najdem [audience:laughter]
  • ADV 9: eee to bi te bilo vse ven pobrati samo jaz sem to ne imela toliko časa

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PRON is 4.176471 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.494596).

The 1st highest number of forms (20) was observed with the lemma “on”: ga, je, ji, jih, jim, jo, mu, nje, njega, njej, njemu, njih, njim, njimi, njo, on, ona, onadva, one, oni.

The 2nd highest number of forms (12) was observed with the lemma “jaz”: jaz, mano, me, mene, meni, mi, midva, midve, nam, nama, nami, nas.

The 3rd highest number of forms (10) was observed with the lemma “ti”: tabo, te, tebe, tebi, ti, vaju, vam, vami, vas, vi.

PRON occurs with 6 features: sl-feat/PronType (1096; 100% instances), sl-feat/Case (833; 76% instances), sl-feat/Number (789; 72% instances), sl-feat/Person (582; 53% instances), sl-feat/Variant (530; 48% instances), sl-feat/Gender (470; 43% instances)

PRON occurs with 22 feature-value pairs: Case=Acc, Case=Dat, Case=Gen, Case=Ins, Case=Loc, Case=Nom, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Gender=Neut, Number=Dual, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, PronType=Ind, PronType=Int, PronType=Neg, PronType=Prs, PronType=Rel, Variant=Bound, Variant=Short

PRON occurs with 91 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is PronType=Prs|Variant=Short (263 tokens). Examples: se

Relations

PRON nodes are attached to their parents using 22 different relations: sl-dep/obj (287; 26% instances), sl-dep/nsubj (281; 26% instances), sl-dep/expl (279; 25% instances), sl-dep/obl (57; 5% instances), sl-dep/iobj (55; 5% instances), sl-dep/root (44; 4% instances), sl-dep/nmod (17; 2% instances), sl-dep/reparandum (17; 2% instances), sl-dep/parataxis (10; 1% instances), sl-dep/cc (8; 1% instances), sl-dep/conj:extend (8; 1% instances), sl-dep/discourse (8; 1% instances), sl-dep/conj (6; 1% instances), sl-dep/acl (4; 0% instances), sl-dep/orphan (4; 0% instances), sl-dep/fixed (3; 0% instances), sl-dep/ccomp (2; 0% instances), sl-dep/dislocated (2; 0% instances), sl-dep/advcl (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/advmod (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/appos (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/vocative (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PRON nodes belong to 12 different parts of speech: VERB (918; 84% instances), ROOT (44; 4% instances), NOUN (36; 3% instances), ADJ (30; 3% instances), PRON (14; 1% instances), DET (12; 1% instances), X (11; 1% instances), PART (9; 1% instances), ADV (8; 1% instances), AUX (8; 1% instances), PROPN (5; 0% instances), NUM (1; 0% instances)

913 (83%) PRON nodes are leaves.

113 (10%) PRON nodes have one child.

31 (3%) PRON nodes have two children.

39 (4%) PRON nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PRON node is 8.

Children of PRON nodes are attached using 27 different relations: sl-dep/case (80; 24% instances), sl-dep/advmod (57; 17% instances), sl-dep/punct (29; 9% instances), sl-dep/reparandum (20; 6% instances), sl-dep/cc (19; 6% instances), sl-dep/nmod (14; 4% instances), sl-dep/nsubj (14; 4% instances), sl-dep/cop (12; 4% instances), sl-dep/discourse (12; 4% instances), sl-dep/parataxis (12; 4% instances), sl-dep/fixed (9; 3% instances), sl-dep/advcl (7; 2% instances), sl-dep/conj (7; 2% instances), sl-dep/discourse:filler (6; 2% instances), sl-dep/orphan (6; 2% instances), sl-dep/obj (5; 2% instances), sl-dep/acl (3; 1% instances), sl-dep/appos (3; 1% instances), sl-dep/amod (2; 1% instances), sl-dep/det (2; 1% instances), sl-dep/parataxis:discourse (2; 1% instances), sl-dep/parataxis:restart (2; 1% instances), sl-dep/vocative (2; 1% instances), sl-dep/cc:preconj (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/dislocated (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/nummod (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/obl (1; 0% instances)

Children of PRON nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: ADP (76; 23% instances), CCONJ (34; 10% instances), ADV (32; 10% instances), VERB (28; 9% instances), PART (26; 8% instances), X (22; 7% instances), PUNCT (19; 6% instances), NOUN (18; 5% instances), DET (16; 5% instances), PRON (14; 4% instances), AUX (12; 4% instances), SCONJ (8; 2% instances), ADJ (7; 2% instances), INTJ (7; 2% instances), PROPN (7; 2% instances), NUM (3; 1% instances)

---

PRON in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]

© 2014 Universal Dependencies contributors. Site powered by Annodoc and brat

.