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PRON: pronoun

#####Definition Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns or noun phrases, whose meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context.

In Norwegian, the personal pronouns are the only words that inflect for case (nominative/accusative).

The relativizer som “that” is counted as a relative pronoun even though there are linguistic reasons to treat it as a subordinating conjunction (SCONJ). This is done in order to preserve information about the function of the antecedent in the syntactic analysis. Note that som “that” may also function as a preposition and will then receive the ADP tag (fortsette som leder “continue as leader”).

#####Examples

• personal: han “he”, hun “she”, det “it”, ham “him”, henne “her”
• demonstrative: dette “this”
• reflexive: seg “self”
• reciprocal: hverandre “eachother”
• interrogative: hvem “who”, hva “what”, hvilken “which”
• totality: alle “all”
• indefinite: noen “some”
• relative: som “that”

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Norwegian-Bokmaal)

There are 38 PRON lemmas (0%), 51 PRON types (0%) and 21512 PRON tokens (8%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of PRON is: 11 in number of lemmas, 10 in number of types and 6 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PRON lemmas: det, som, jeg, vi, han, de, seg, hun, du, dette

The 10 most frequent PRON types: det, som, jeg, han, vi, de, seg, hun, du, dette

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: det (PRON 4907, DET 1008, X 2), som (PRON 3019, ADP 1282, SCONJ 24, X 2), jeg (PRON 2517, NOUN 4), vi (PRON 1984, NOUN 1), de (PRON 1489, DET 1233, PROPN 11, X 5, ADV 1), du (PRON 748, NOUN 1), dette (PRON 525, DET 154), man (PRON 439, X 1, NOUN 1), den (DET 1368, PRON 408), noe (PRON 290, DET 15)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: det (PRON 3400, DET 845, X 2), som (PRON 3019, ADP 1209, X 2), jeg (PRON 1314, NOUN 4), vi (PRON 1127, NOUN 1), de (DET 1072, PRON 960, PROPN 11, X 5, ADV 1), du (PRON 531, NOUN 1), dette (PRON 337, DET 126), man (PRON 390, NOUN 1, X 1), den (DET 1162, PRON 332), meg (PRON 399, ADP 1)

• det
  • PRON 3400: Er det flere rovdyr i denne sak ?
  • DET 845: Amerikanske myndigheter avkrefter unnskyldningen på det sterkeste .
  • X 2: Kåm dåkk ut , og det litt breinnkvikt “ , kanskje ?
• som
  • PRON 3019: Det er nok heller Frps økte politiske kjøttvekt som slår ut .
  • ADP 1209: « … han behandler menneskene som dyr » .
  • X 2: Jag sitter pa ett café där som heter Luzia .
• jeg
  • PRON 1314: Jeg føler meg også selv litt smittet ; jeg spør :
  • NOUN 4: Hun tror Obama endelig vil vise sitt sanne jeg , hvis han blir gjenvalgt .
• vi
  • PRON 1127: Som vi spør , vil vi også få svar .
  • NOUN 1: Det store vi er i dag lite kjent utenfor pressens vegger .
• de
  • DET 1072: Dette rører ved de dypeste verdiene og holdningene vi har . »
  • PRON 960: Ap ønsker ikke å så tvil om at de tror på ny rødgrønn valgseier .
  • PROPN 11: - Jeg kjente ham godt , sier de Seynes .
  • X 5: Deretter fulgte “ Turbot au Four - purée de chou-fleur “ .
  • ADV 1: Han ryddet i neste omgang også Marcus Antonius av veien , og ble av senatet utropt til August , den opphøyde , de facto imperiets første keiser .
• du
  • PRON 531: - Bare gå etter lukten , du kjenner røyken lang vei .
  • NOUN 1: Men det finnes ikke noe « du » , sa Karl Ove Knausgård i det svenske radioprogrammet « Sommar i P1 » 14. august .
• dette
  • PRON 337: Hva er dette ?
  • DET 126: Hvorfor skulle vi egentlig noensinne forlate dette stedet ?
• man
  • PRON 390: Det er alltid så vanskelig når man går på puben og blir fristet .
  • NOUN 1: Grand old man :
  • X 1: Jeg er solgt inn som en Ladies’ man .
• den
  • DET 1162: Pinefull død for den irske pub ?
  • PRON 332: Da har regjeringen fått den medieoppmerksomheten den er ute etter .
• meg
  • PRON 399: Jeg føler meg også selv litt smittet ; jeg spør :
  • ADP 1: I 2010 ble Troms Kraft sterkt kritisert for å ha bidratt meg penger til et energiprosjekt ledet av Senterpartiet .

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PRON is 1.342105 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.383513).

The 1st highest number of forms (4) was observed with the lemma “jeg”: Eg, jeg, meg, mæ.

The 2nd highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “de”: de, dem, demt.

The 3rd highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “det”: det, dét, et.

PRON occurs with 9 features: no-feat/PronType (21512; 100% instances), no-feat/Number (16927; 79% instances), no-feat/Person (16309; 76% instances), no-feat/Case (11110; 52% instances), no-feat/Gender (9164; 43% instances), no-feat/Animacy (8722; 41% instances), no-feat/Reflex (1111; 5% instances), no-feat/Polarity (136; 1% instances), no-feat/Poss (3; 0% instances)

PRON occurs with 26 feature-value pairs: Animacy=Hum, Case=Acc, Case=Gen, Case=Gen,Nom, Case=Nom, Gender=Fem, Gender=Fem,Masc, Gender=Masc, Gender=Neut, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, Polarity=Neg, Poss=Yes, PronType=Art,Prs, PronType=Ind,Prs, PronType=Int, PronType=Neg, PronType=Neg,Prs, PronType=Prs, PronType=Prs,Tot, PronType=Rcp, PronType=Rel, Reflex=Yes

PRON occurs with 36 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs (5619 tokens). Examples: det, dette, alt, slikt, sånt, dét, intet, et

Relations

PRON nodes are attached to their parents using 23 different relations: no-dep/nsubj (12704; 59% instances), no-dep/expl (2911; 14% instances), no-dep/obj (2633; 12% instances), no-dep/obl (1088; 5% instances), no-dep/nmod (600; 3% instances), no-dep/nsubj:pass (574; 3% instances), no-dep/iobj (434; 2% instances), no-dep/root (217; 1% instances), no-dep/conj (103; 0% instances), no-dep/appos (76; 0% instances), no-dep/xcomp (44; 0% instances), no-dep/det (28; 0% instances), no-dep/dislocated (21; 0% instances), no-dep/advcl (17; 0% instances), no-dep/compound (9; 0% instances), no-dep/orphan (9; 0% instances), no-dep/acl (8; 0% instances), no-dep/ccomp (8; 0% instances), no-dep/flat:name (8; 0% instances), no-dep/goeswith (6; 0% instances), no-dep/csubj (5; 0% instances), no-dep/parataxis (5; 0% instances), no-dep/acl:relcl (4; 0% instances)

Parents of PRON nodes belong to 11 different parts of speech: VERB (16918; 79% instances), ADJ (1899; 9% instances), NOUN (1782; 8% instances), PRON (233; 1% instances), ROOT (217; 1% instances), ADV (139; 1% instances), PROPN (117; 1% instances), DET (102; 0% instances), ADP (59; 0% instances), NUM (45; 0% instances), CCONJ (1; 0% instances)

18647 (87%) PRON nodes are leaves.

1886 (9%) PRON nodes have one child.

571 (3%) PRON nodes have two children.

408 (2%) PRON nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PRON node is 12.

Children of PRON nodes are attached using 28 different relations: no-dep/case (1625; 34% instances), no-dep/acl:relcl (758; 16% instances), no-dep/punct (533; 11% instances), no-dep/cop (243; 5% instances), no-dep/advmod (230; 5% instances), no-dep/det (229; 5% instances), no-dep/acl (169; 4% instances), no-dep/nmod (158; 3% instances), no-dep/conj (147; 3% instances), no-dep/nsubj (146; 3% instances), no-dep/appos (120; 3% instances), no-dep/cc (118; 2% instances), no-dep/expl (83; 2% instances), no-dep/mark (75; 2% instances), no-dep/obl (42; 1% instances), no-dep/advcl (23; 0% instances), no-dep/amod (18; 0% instances), no-dep/aux (18; 0% instances), no-dep/parataxis (16; 0% instances), no-dep/orphan (8; 0% instances), no-dep/discourse (7; 0% instances), no-dep/xcomp (6; 0% instances), no-dep/csubj (4; 0% instances), no-dep/goeswith (4; 0% instances), no-dep/flat:name (3; 0% instances), no-dep/ccomp (1; 0% instances), no-dep/nummod (1; 0% instances), no-dep/obj (1; 0% instances)

Children of PRON nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: ADP (1679; 35% instances), VERB (803; 17% instances), PUNCT (533; 11% instances), NOUN (412; 9% instances), AUX (261; 5% instances), DET (240; 5% instances), PRON (233; 5% instances), ADV (214; 4% instances), ADJ (172; 4% instances), CCONJ (119; 2% instances), PROPN (69; 1% instances), SCONJ (25; 1% instances), PART (11; 0% instances), INTJ (7; 0% instances), NUM (7; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Norwegian-Nynorsk)

There are 33 PRON lemmas (0%), 45 PRON types (0%) and 19624 PRON tokens (7%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of PRON is: 11 in number of lemmas, 10 in number of types and 6 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PRON lemmas: det, som, eg, dei, han, vi, seg, ein, dette, ho

The 10 most frequent PRON types: det, som, dei, han, eg, vi, seg, ein, dette, ho

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: det (PRON 5091, DET 1207, X 15, PROPN 1), som (PRON 3156, ADP 1219, SCONJ 22, X 17), dei (PRON 1527, DET 1367), han (PRON 1525, X 5), vi (PRON 1477, X 7), seg (PRON 1092, X 2), ein (DET 5401, PRON 767), dette (PRON 662, DET 174, VERB 3, X 2), du (PRON 340, X 1), kva (PRON 272, DET 96)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: det (PRON 3767, DET 1056, X 15, ADV 1), som (PRON 3156, ADP 1162, X 17), dei (PRON 1314, DET 1208), han (PRON 1148, X 5), vi (PRON 923, X 7, AUX 1), seg (PRON 1092, X 2, VERB 1), ein (DET 2201, PRON 676, ADP 1), dette (PRON 436, DET 145, X 2), kva (PRON 217, DET 83), noko (PRON 258, DET 198)

• det
  • PRON 3767: Slik gjer eg det :
  • DET 1056: … Er ofte det beste .
  • X 15: den trenger det . »
  • ADV 1: Dette samanfallet , pluss det faktum at Ronald Reagan gjekk i sin andre presidentperiode i 1984 , fekk nyleg ein filmkritikar i New York til å skriva at « ein ny episode i Terminator-franchisen er på veg , det må det bety at ein republikansk president stiller til attval » .
• som
  • PRON 3156: Jaudå , eg har det , og den vert brukt rett som det er .
  • ADP 1162: Eg brukar som regel halvparten grovt og halvparten fint .
  • X 17: « Fe dar som vaen »
• dei
  • PRON 1314: I dag har eg fylt dei med steikt kyllingkjøtdeig .
  • DET 1208: Om du ikkje gjer som dei andre gjer , vert du lurd .
• han
  • PRON 1148: Deretter konkluderte han med at dei ikkje kjem til å gjera det .
  • X 5: « Pappa , det henger i en tynn tråd å tilgi han derre der » .
• vi
  • PRON 923: I dag grilla vi kyllingbryst , enkelt og greitt .
  • X 7: Det problemet får en ikke løst så lenge vi er utenfor EU . »
  • AUX 1: Slike kriser vi lett styrkja den sitjande regjeringa - som det gjorde det ved sist finanskrise .
• seg
  • PRON 1092: Utfordringa er at brød held seg ikkje ferske så lenge .
  • X 2: Det forutsetter selvsagt at komiteene engasjerer seg på saker som krever det .
  • VERB 1: Nei , seg det .
• ein
  • DET 2201: Hell kjøtdeigen på ein tallerken , og la den kolne .
  • PRON 676: - Det kan ein seie om veldig mange saker i politikken .
  • ADP 1: Dei offisielle estimata seier 1,5 billionar fat med olje , meir ein fem gonger dei påviste reservane i Saudi-Arabia .
• dette
  • PRON 436: « Kva er dette ?
  • DET 145: På dette viset vil styremaktene tvinga folk til å be om rett kvittering .
  • X 2: Det demokratiske problemet i dette er etter vår mening vår manglende deltakelse i det forberedende grunnlagsarbeidet med direktivene i Bruxelles .
• kva
  • PRON 217: Vi veit kva vi er her i Hellas .
  • DET 83: « Same kva studiar ein ser på , er forskingsresultata konsistente :
• noko
  • PRON 258: Eg mumlar noko om ei kvittering .
  • DET 198: Vi er noko anna .

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PRON is 1.363636 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.343969).

The 1st highest number of forms (4) was observed with the lemma “det”: dei, det, dte, dét.

The 2nd highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “han”: ha, han, honom.

The 3rd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “de”: de, dykk.

PRON occurs with 8 features: no-feat/PronType (19624; 100% instances), no-feat/Number (16135; 82% instances), no-feat/Person (14214; 72% instances), no-feat/Case (8637; 44% instances), no-feat/Gender (8521; 43% instances), no-feat/Animacy (6272; 32% instances), no-feat/Polarity (78; 0% instances), no-feat/Abbr (4; 0% instances)

PRON occurs with 23 feature-value pairs: Abbr=Yes, Animacy=Hum, Case=Acc, Case=Nom, Gender=Fem, Gender=Fem,Masc, Gender=Masc, Gender=Neut, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, Polarity=Neg, PronType=Art,Prs, PronType=Ind,Prs, PronType=Int, PronType=Neg, PronType=Neg,Prs, PronType=Prs, PronType=Prs,Tot, PronType=Rcp, PronType=Rel

PRON occurs with 35 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs (5926 tokens). Examples: det, dette, alt, slikt, dét, detta, dei, dte, sånt

Relations

PRON nodes are attached to their parents using 22 different relations: no-dep/nsubj (11347; 58% instances), no-dep/expl (3183; 16% instances), no-dep/obj (2276; 12% instances), no-dep/obl (1027; 5% instances), no-dep/nmod (583; 3% instances), no-dep/iobj (416; 2% instances), no-dep/nsubj:pass (280; 1% instances), no-dep/root (153; 1% instances), no-dep/appos (102; 1% instances), no-dep/conj (98; 0% instances), no-dep/xcomp (55; 0% instances), no-dep/dislocated (20; 0% instances), no-dep/advcl (19; 0% instances), no-dep/det (18; 0% instances), no-dep/acl:relcl (12; 0% instances), no-dep/flat:name (12; 0% instances), no-dep/ccomp (9; 0% instances), no-dep/acl (3; 0% instances), no-dep/goeswith (3; 0% instances), no-dep/orphan (3; 0% instances), no-dep/parataxis (3; 0% instances), no-dep/compound (2; 0% instances)

Parents of PRON nodes belong to 11 different parts of speech: VERB (14487; 74% instances), ADJ (2593; 13% instances), NOUN (1765; 9% instances), PRON (192; 1% instances), ADV (163; 1% instances), ROOT (153; 1% instances), DET (80; 0% instances), ADP (77; 0% instances), PROPN (71; 0% instances), NUM (42; 0% instances), SCONJ (1; 0% instances)

17074 (87%) PRON nodes are leaves.

1604 (8%) PRON nodes have one child.

611 (3%) PRON nodes have two children.

335 (2%) PRON nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PRON node is 13.

Children of PRON nodes are attached using 26 different relations: no-dep/case (1471; 34% instances), no-dep/acl:relcl (712; 17% instances), no-dep/punct (427; 10% instances), no-dep/cop (200; 5% instances), no-dep/advmod (183; 4% instances), no-dep/nmod (176; 4% instances), no-dep/det (168; 4% instances), no-dep/appos (138; 3% instances), no-dep/acl (137; 3% instances), no-dep/nsubj (126; 3% instances), no-dep/cc (115; 3% instances), no-dep/conj (106; 2% instances), no-dep/amod (70; 2% instances), no-dep/expl (69; 2% instances), no-dep/mark (60; 1% instances), no-dep/obl (47; 1% instances), no-dep/aux (16; 0% instances), no-dep/orphan (16; 0% instances), no-dep/parataxis (16; 0% instances), no-dep/advcl (14; 0% instances), no-dep/discourse (10; 0% instances), no-dep/xcomp (4; 0% instances), no-dep/csubj (3; 0% instances), no-dep/flat:name (3; 0% instances), no-dep/obj (2; 0% instances), no-dep/nummod (1; 0% instances)

Children of PRON nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: ADP (1520; 35% instances), VERB (760; 18% instances), PUNCT (427; 10% instances), NOUN (410; 10% instances), AUX (216; 5% instances), ADJ (204; 5% instances), PRON (192; 4% instances), DET (183; 4% instances), ADV (160; 4% instances), CCONJ (114; 3% instances), PROPN (65; 2% instances), SCONJ (24; 1% instances), INTJ (10; 0% instances), NUM (5; 0% instances)

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PRON in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]

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