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PRON: pronoun

Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns or noun phrases, whose meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context.

See also PronType.

Examples

References


Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish)

There are 48 PRON lemmas (0%), 600 PRON types (1%) and 11933 PRON tokens (7%). Out of 15 observed tags, the rank of PRON is: 11 in number of lemmas, 7 in number of types and 6 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PRON lemmas: se, joka, tämä, hän, minä, mikä, kaikki, muu, jokin, sinä

The 10 most frequent PRON types: se, hän, sen, joka, sitä, siitä, tämä, tämän, jotka, ne

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: kaikki (PRON 487, ADV 1), muu (PRON 378, ADV 1), toinen (PRON 171, ADJ 136, NOUN 36), itse (PRON 164, ADV 120), yksi (NUM 173, PRON 47), ainoa (PRON 34, ADJ 2, NOUN 1), harva (PRON 8, ADJ 4), usea (ADJ 107, PRON 4), useampi (PRON 2, ADJ 2), jonne (ADV 4, PRON 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: sen (PRON 476, ADV 13), sitä (PRON 303, ADV 18, CCONJ 2), tämän (PRON 181, ADV 1), mitä (PRON 177, ADV 12, CCONJ 4, SCONJ 1), kaikki (PRON 170, ADV 1), siinä (PRON 74, ADV 13), tästä (PRON 55, ADV 1), jotain (PRON 79, ADV 2), sillä (SCONJ 138, PRON 59), muiden (PRON 49, ADV 4)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PRON is 12.500000 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.037154).

The 1st highest number of forms (46) was observed with the lemma “se”: Senhän, Siinäpä, Sitähän, ne, nekin, niiden, niidenkin, niihin, niil, niilki, niille, niillä, niilläkin, niiltä, niinä, niissä, niistä, niistäkin, niit, niitten, niitä, se, sehän, sekin, sekään, sen, senkin, senkään, sieltä, siihe, siihen, siihenkin, siin, siinä, siitä, siitähän, siitäkin, siitäs, sille, sillä, silläkin, siltä, sinä, sitä, sitäkin, sitäkään.

The 2nd highest number of forms (45) was observed with the lemma “minä”: Mehän, me, meidän, meidät, meil, meille, meillä, meilläkin, meiltä, meistä, meitä, meiäm, meiän, mekin, mie, minua, minulla, minulle, minulta, minultakin, minun, minunkin, minussa, minussakin, minusta, minut, minutkin, minuun, minä, minähän, minäkin, minäkään, minäpä, mua, mul, mull, mulla, mulle, mullekin, multa, mun, musta, mut, mä, mää.

The 3rd highest number of forms (39) was observed with the lemma “tämä”: Näine, Tähänkin, Tässäkö, Täst, näiden, näihin, näille, näillä, näinä, näis, näissä, näissäkin, näistä, näitä, näitäkin, nämä, nää, tähän, tähän(kin), täksi, tälle, tällekin, tällä, tältä, tämä, tämäkin, tämän, tämänkin, tän, tänä, tänäkin, tänäkään, tässä, tässäkin, tästä, tästäkin, tätä, tätäkä, tää.

PRON occurs with 11 features: fi-feat/Case (11928; 100% instances), fi-feat/Number (11928; 100% instances), fi-feat/PronType (11735; 98% instances), fi-feat/Person (2475; 21% instances), fi-feat/Style (285; 2% instances), fi-feat/Clitic (192; 2% instances), fi-feat/Person[psor] (176; 1% instances), fi-feat/Reflex (164; 1% instances), fi-feat/Number[psor] (46; 0% instances), fi-feat/Typo (15; 0% instances), fi-feat/Degree (4; 0% instances)

PRON occurs with 41 feature-value pairs: Case=Abl, Case=Acc, Case=Ade, Case=All, Case=Com, Case=Ela, Case=Ess, Case=Gen, Case=Ill, Case=Ine, Case=Ins, Case=Nom, Case=Par, Case=Tra, Clitic=Han, Clitic=Han,Ko, Clitic=Kaan, Clitic=Kin, Clitic=Ko, Clitic=Pa, Clitic=S, Degree=Pos, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Number[psor]=Plur, Number[psor]=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, Person[psor]=1, Person[psor]=2, Person[psor]=3, PronType=Dem, PronType=Ind, PronType=Int, PronType=Prs, PronType=Rcp, PronType=Rel, Reflex=Yes, Style=Coll, Typo=Yes

PRON occurs with 361 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Case=Nom|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem (1145 tokens). Examples: se, tämä, tuo

Relations

PRON nodes are attached to their parents using 29 different relations: fi-dep/det (3139; 26% instances), fi-dep/nsubj (2697; 23% instances), fi-dep/obl (1810; 15% instances), fi-dep/obj (1525; 13% instances), fi-dep/nsubj:cop (835; 7% instances), fi-dep/nmod:poss (736; 6% instances), fi-dep/root (274; 2% instances), fi-dep/nmod (268; 2% instances), fi-dep/conj (160; 1% instances), fi-dep/acl:relcl (101; 1% instances), fi-dep/ccomp (87; 1% instances), fi-dep/nmod:gobj (71; 1% instances), fi-dep/advcl (70; 1% instances), fi-dep/nmod:gsubj (45; 0% instances), fi-dep/advmod (42; 0% instances), fi-dep/appos (21; 0% instances), fi-dep/parataxis (11; 0% instances), fi-dep/xcomp:ds (9; 0% instances), fi-dep/fixed (6; 0% instances), fi-dep/xcomp (6; 0% instances), fi-dep/amod (4; 0% instances), fi-dep/csubj:cop (3; 0% instances), fi-dep/compound:nn (2; 0% instances), fi-dep/dep (2; 0% instances), fi-dep/discourse (2; 0% instances), fi-dep/nummod (2; 0% instances), fi-dep/orphan (2; 0% instances), fi-dep/vocative (2; 0% instances), fi-dep/_ (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PRON nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: VERB (6085; 51% instances), NOUN (4493; 38% instances), ADJ (497; 4% instances), PRON (303; 3% instances), ROOT (275; 2% instances), ADV (151; 1% instances), PROPN (70; 1% instances), NUM (29; 0% instances), AUX (15; 0% instances), PUNCT (5; 0% instances), SYM (3; 0% instances), X (3; 0% instances), ADP (2; 0% instances), CCONJ (1; 0% instances), SCONJ (1; 0% instances)

10006 (84%) PRON nodes are leaves.

1140 (10%) PRON nodes have one child.

209 (2%) PRON nodes have two children.

578 (5%) PRON nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PRON node is 9.

Children of PRON nodes are attached using 36 different relations: fi-dep/punct (614; 15% instances), fi-dep/nsubj:cop (495; 12% instances), fi-dep/case (396; 10% instances), fi-dep/advmod (368; 9% instances), fi-dep/ccomp (345; 9% instances), fi-dep/cop (307; 8% instances), fi-dep/cop:own (197; 5% instances), fi-dep/cc (156; 4% instances), fi-dep/acl:relcl (140; 3% instances), fi-dep/nmod (138; 3% instances), fi-dep/conj (136; 3% instances), fi-dep/advcl (121; 3% instances), fi-dep/det (104; 3% instances), fi-dep/aux (103; 3% instances), fi-dep/mark (97; 2% instances), fi-dep/obl (87; 2% instances), fi-dep/fixed (84; 2% instances), fi-dep/appos (23; 1% instances), fi-dep/_ (19; 0% instances), fi-dep/orphan (19; 0% instances), fi-dep/amod (12; 0% instances), fi-dep/parataxis (12; 0% instances), fi-dep/discourse (11; 0% instances), fi-dep/nmod:poss (8; 0% instances), fi-dep/nsubj (5; 0% instances), fi-dep/root (5; 0% instances), fi-dep/acl (4; 0% instances), fi-dep/csubj:cop (4; 0% instances), fi-dep/vocative (4; 0% instances), fi-dep/xcomp (4; 0% instances), fi-dep/xcomp:ds (4; 0% instances), fi-dep/nummod (3; 0% instances), fi-dep/obj (3; 0% instances), fi-dep/cc:preconj (2; 0% instances), fi-dep/compound:nn (1; 0% instances), fi-dep/nmod:gsubj (1; 0% instances)

Children of PRON nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: NOUN (747; 19% instances), PUNCT (614; 15% instances), AUX (607; 15% instances), VERB (541; 13% instances), ADV (464; 12% instances), ADP (395; 10% instances), PRON (274; 7% instances), CCONJ (146; 4% instances), SCONJ (100; 2% instances), ADJ (78; 2% instances), PROPN (46; 1% instances), INTJ (11; 0% instances), NUM (5; 0% instances), SYM (4; 0% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish-FTB)

There are 43 PRON lemmas (0%), 562 PRON types (1%) and 9529 PRON tokens (7%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of PRON is: 12 in number of lemmas, 7 in number of types and 4 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PRON lemmas: se, hän, minä, joka, sinä, mikä, me, ne, tämä, he

The 10 most frequent PRON types: se, hän, minä, sen, sitä, mitä, joka, mä, ne, sinä

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: se (PRON 2069, DET 488, NOUN 2), hän (PRON 1305, DET 125), minä (PRON 1258, DET 75, NOUN 2), joka (PRON 663, DET 99), sinä (PRON 541, DET 40), mikä (PRON 520, DET 136), me (PRON 443, DET 66, X 1), ne (PRON 350, DET 134), tämä (DET 441, PRON 334), he (PRON 292, DET 41)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: se (PRON 794, DET 136), minä (PRON 263, DET 3), sen (PRON 244, DET 138, PART 3), sitä (PRON 241, DET 61, PART 25), mitä (PRON 198, DET 16, PART 14, ADV 6), joka (PRON 244, DET 55), ne (PRON 143, DET 37), sinä (PRON 147, DET 11), siitä (PRON 154, DET 23, ADV 6), me (PRON 114, X 1)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PRON is 13.069767 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.026917).

The 1st highest number of forms (49) was observed with the lemma “minä”: Minähän, Minäkään, Minäkö, Minäpä, Mullahan, Mäkin, m, m-, ma, mi, mie, miekii, minua, minulla, minullakin, minulle, minullekin, minulta, minultakin, minun, minunhan, minunkin, minussa, minussakin, minusta, minut, minuun, minä, minäki, minäkin, minäkä, minäkös, miul, miäpäs, mua, mul, mull, mulla, mulle, mullekin, multa, mum, mun, must, musta, mut, mä, mää, määki.

The 2nd highest number of forms (47) was observed with the lemma “se”: Sepä, Sepäs, Siihenkö, Siitäkin, Siitäpä, Sitähän, Sitäkö, s, se, se-, sehän, sej, sekin, sekään, sekö, sen, senhän, senkään, si, siihe, siihem, siihen, siihenkin, siin, siint, siinä, siinähä, siinäkin, siinäpä, siit, siitä, siitähän, siitäkään, siksi, sil, sille, sillä, silläkin, silt, siltä, sit, sitä, sitäkin, sitäkään, sitäkäänkö, so, s´.

The 3rd highest number of forms (39) was observed with the lemma “itse”: Iteki, ihtiisäj, ite, itse, itseemme, itseen, itseensä, itsekin, itselle, itselleen, itselleenkin, itsellekin, itselleni, itsellensä, itselläsikin, itsellään, itselläänkin, itseltään, itseni, itsenne, itsensä, itsensäkin, itsesi, itsestä, itsestämme, itsestänikään, itsestäsi, itsestään, itseä, itseämme, itseäni, itseäsi, itseään, itte, itteeni, ittees, ittelläs, ittellää, ittenä.

PRON occurs with 10 features: fi-feat/Case (9527; 100% instances), fi-feat/PronType (9261; 97% instances), fi-feat/Number (8879; 93% instances), fi-feat/Person (3996; 42% instances), fi-feat/Style (741; 8% instances), fi-feat/Clitic (277; 3% instances), fi-feat/Reflex (268; 3% instances), fi-feat/Person[psor] (230; 2% instances), fi-feat/Number[psor] (48; 1% instances), fi-feat/Degree (14; 0% instances)

PRON occurs with 43 feature-value pairs: Case=Abl, Case=Acc, Case=Ade, Case=All, Case=Ela, Case=Ess, Case=Gen, Case=Ill, Case=Ine, Case=Ins, Case=Nom, Case=Par, Case=Tra, Clitic=Han, Clitic=Han,Ko, Clitic=Kaan, Clitic=Kaan,Ko, Clitic=Kin, Clitic=Ko, Clitic=Ko,S, Clitic=Pa, Clitic=Pa,S, Clitic=S, Degree=Cmp, Degree=Sup, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Number[psor]=Plur, Number[psor]=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, Person[psor]=1, Person[psor]=2, Person[psor]=3, PronType=Dem, PronType=Ind, PronType=Int, PronType=Prs, PronType=Rcp, PronType=Rel, Reflex=Yes, Style=Coll

PRON occurs with 372 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Case=Nom|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem (1123 tokens). Examples: se, tämä, tuo, se-

Relations

PRON nodes are attached to their parents using 21 different relations: fi-dep/nsubj (3839; 40% instances), fi-dep/nmod (1888; 20% instances), fi-dep/obj (1548; 16% instances), fi-dep/nsubj:cop (815; 9% instances), fi-dep/nmod:own (403; 4% instances), fi-dep/expl (399; 4% instances), fi-dep/conj (173; 2% instances), fi-dep/root (147; 2% instances), fi-dep/advmod (103; 1% instances), fi-dep/advcl (58; 1% instances), fi-dep/fixed (33; 0% instances), fi-dep/nmod:gobj (25; 0% instances), fi-dep/ccomp (23; 0% instances), fi-dep/vocative (23; 0% instances), fi-dep/mark (19; 0% instances), fi-dep/dep (12; 0% instances), fi-dep/acl (8; 0% instances), fi-dep/nmod:gsubj (7; 0% instances), fi-dep/det (4; 0% instances), fi-dep/amod (1; 0% instances), fi-dep/xcomp (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PRON nodes belong to 13 different parts of speech: VERB (7684; 81% instances), NOUN (762; 8% instances), ADJ (539; 6% instances), PRON (259; 3% instances), ROOT (147; 2% instances), PROPN (58; 1% instances), ADV (29; 0% instances), DET (16; 0% instances), NUM (15; 0% instances), ADP (8; 0% instances), X (5; 0% instances), PART (4; 0% instances), INTJ (3; 0% instances)

7522 (79%) PRON nodes are leaves.

1541 (16%) PRON nodes have one child.

271 (3%) PRON nodes have two children.

195 (2%) PRON nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PRON node is 9.

Children of PRON nodes are attached using 24 different relations: fi-dep/punct (990; 35% instances), fi-dep/case (353; 13% instances), fi-dep/nmod (258; 9% instances), fi-dep/advmod (246; 9% instances), fi-dep/cop (151; 5% instances), fi-dep/conj (123; 4% instances), fi-dep/nsubj:cop (114; 4% instances), fi-dep/cc (109; 4% instances), fi-dep/fixed (83; 3% instances), fi-dep/det (82; 3% instances), fi-dep/mark (77; 3% instances), fi-dep/acl (76; 3% instances), fi-dep/advcl (45; 2% instances), fi-dep/aux (32; 1% instances), fi-dep/amod (26; 1% instances), fi-dep/discourse (12; 0% instances), fi-dep/nummod (10; 0% instances), fi-dep/expl (9; 0% instances), fi-dep/dep (8; 0% instances), fi-dep/csubj:cop (5; 0% instances), fi-dep/vocative (4; 0% instances), fi-dep/nsubj (2; 0% instances), fi-dep/reparandum (2; 0% instances), fi-dep/xcomp (2; 0% instances)

Children of PRON nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: PUNCT (990; 35% instances), ADP (357; 13% instances), PRON (259; 9% instances), NOUN (252; 9% instances), PART (179; 6% instances), AUX (151; 5% instances), VERB (140; 5% instances), CCONJ (110; 4% instances), ADV (104; 4% instances), DET (86; 3% instances), SCONJ (79; 3% instances), PROPN (46; 2% instances), ADJ (39; 1% instances), NUM (13; 0% instances), INTJ (12; 0% instances), X (2; 0% instances)


PRON in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]