PRON

home tr/pos edit page issue tracker

This page still pertains to UD version 1.

`PRON`: pronoun

Definition

Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns or noun phrases, whose meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context.

In Turkish, some pronouns also function as determiners (e.g., bu “this”, o “that”), these words are always marked according to their usage (PRON or DET).

Examples

personal pronouns: ben, sen, o, biz, siz, onlar “I, you, he/she/it, we, you (plural), they”
reflexive pronoun: kendi, kendisi “oneself”
demonstrative pronouns: bu, şu, o
interrogative pronouns: kim, ne “who, what”
indefinite pronouns: biri, birşey “somebody, something”
total pronouns: herkes, herşey “everybody, everything”
negative pronouns: kimse “nobody”

Treebank Statistics (UD_Turkish)

There are 25 PRON lemmas (0%), 161 PRON types (1%) and 1792 PRON tokens (4%). Out of 14 observed tags, the rank of PRON is: 8 in number of lemmas, 7 in number of types and 8 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PRON lemmas: ben, o, bu, kendi, ne, sen, biz, siz, nere, biri

The 10 most frequent PRON types: ben, ne, o, bana, bu, beni, onun, benim, onu, ona

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: ben (PRON 403, NOUN 2), o (PRON 368, DET 150, NOUN 1), bu (DET 383, PRON 196), ne (PRON 153, CCONJ 16, ADV 15, ADJ 9), siz (PRON 62, ADP 36), şu (DET 29, PRON 18), kimi (DET 13, PRON 8), hep (ADV 35, PRON 7), bazı (DET 24, PRON 4), öbür (ADJ 11, PRON 3)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: ben (PRON 86, NOUN 1), ne (PRON 66, CCONJ 12, ADV 8, ADJ 6), o (DET 105, PRON 66), bu (DET 255, PRON 50), siz (ADP 20, PRON 11), ? (PUNCT 186, PRON 20, VERB 6, PROPN 3, ADJ 2, NUM 1), biri (PRON 18, NUM 9), onların (PRON 12, NUM 1), neden (PRON 9, NOUN 8, ADV 3), kimi (DET 11, PRON 5)

ben
- PRON 86: Ama , dedim , ben ne şiir okuyabilirim , ne de şarkı .
- NOUN 1: Buna hiç şaşırmadım ben zaten herşeye razı ydım .
ne
- PRON 66: Plak bitince ne yapacağız ?
- CCONJ 12: Ama , dedim , ben ne şiir okuyabilirim , ne de şarkı .
- ADV 8: Heybeye erik koyunca kitapları , defterleri ne yaparım diye düşünüyorum .
- ADJ 6: Alınmaya ne kadar hazır sın ! ..
o
- DET 105: Sana boşal , at kurtul der , o ses siz duruşuyla .
- PRON 66: Sen miydin o .
bu
- DET 255: Bir ihtimal olarak bu hususu belirtiyorlar .
- PRON 50: Bir bağımlı favori maddesini bıraksa da bu tek başına çözüm olmuyor .
siz
- ADP 20: Sana boşal , at kurtul der , o ses siz duruşuyla .
- PRON 11: Duyun da şaşın siz .
?
- PUNCT 186: Yanaşan ı haklar ım anladınız mı ?
- PRON 20: - ? edenmiş o ?
- VERB 6: Potaya ? irerken arkadan gelen bir diğeri onları vurabilir .
- PROPN 3: Özer’lerin ? ithatpaşa’daki bahçe içinde ki evinde ydik .
- ADJ 2: Sen ? usevisin , değil mi Maryline .
- NUM 1: İMKB ikibiniki yılını yüzde ? irmibeş’lik kayıpla kapatırken dolar baz lı yıllık kayıp ise yüzde otuzbeş oldu .
biri
- PRON 18: O çocuklardan biri geçsin de onu görsün istiyor .
- NUM 9: Her biri binüçyüz dolar harcıyor .
onların
- PRON 12: Belli ki onların hevesini kırmak istemiyordu .
- NUM 1: Hangi özür , onların haklılığını değiştirebilir ki ! ..
neden
- PRON 9: Oğlunun neden eroinman olduğunu anlayamaması çok doğal dı .
- NOUN 8: O da hararetin yüksek çıkmasına neden oldu “ dedi .
- ADV 3: Bu hükümet neden dağıldı .
kimi
- DET 11: Sanki kimi yerler kara kimi yerler deniz di .
- PRON 5: Kimi bir saat lik , kimi birkaç günlük .

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PRON is 6.440000 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.690133).

The 1st highest number of forms (27) was observed with the lemma “kendi”: Kendileriyle, Kendiniz, kendi, kendileri, kendilerinde, kendilerine, kendilerini, kendilerinin, kendim, kendime, kendimi, kendimize, kendimizi, kendince, kendinden, kendine, kendini, kendinin, kendinize, kendinizi, kendinle, kendisi, kendisinden, kendisine, kendisini, kendisinin, kendisiyle.

The 2nd highest number of forms (15) was observed with the lemma “o”: On, Onlardan, o, ona, onca, onda, ondan, onlar, onlara, onlarda, onları, onların, onu, onun, onunla.

The 3rd highest number of forms (12) was observed with the lemma “biri”: biri, birileri, birilerini, birinde, birinden, birine, birini, birinin, birisi, birisine, birisinin, birisiyle.

PRON occurs with 7 features: tr-feat/Case (1792; 100% instances), tr-feat/Number (1792; 100% instances), tr-feat/Person (1792; 100% instances), tr-feat/PronType (1416; 79% instances), tr-feat/Number[psor] (294; 16% instances), tr-feat/Person[psor] (294; 16% instances), tr-feat/Reflex (154; 9% instances)

PRON occurs with 22 feature-value pairs: Case=Abl, Case=Acc, Case=Dat, Case=Equ, Case=Gen, Case=Ins, Case=Loc, Case=Nom, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Number[psor]=Plur, Number[psor]=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, Person[psor]=1, Person[psor]=2, Person[psor]=3, PronType=Dem, PronType=Ind, PronType=Prs, Reflex=Yes

PRON occurs with 110 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs (167 tokens). Examples: ben

Relations

PRON nodes are attached to their parents using 14 different relations: tr-dep/obl (470; 26% instances), tr-dep/nsubj (460; 26% instances), tr-dep/obj (352; 20% instances), tr-dep/nmod (179; 10% instances), tr-dep/nmod:poss (152; 8% instances), tr-dep/root (70; 4% instances), tr-dep/det (44; 2% instances), tr-dep/conj (36; 2% instances), tr-dep/compound (8; 0% instances), tr-dep/advmod:emph (6; 0% instances), tr-dep/compound:redup (6; 0% instances), tr-dep/ccomp (5; 0% instances), tr-dep/cc (2; 0% instances), tr-dep/csubj (2; 0% instances)

Parents of PRON nodes belong to 13 different parts of speech: VERB (1054; 59% instances), NOUN (411; 23% instances), ADJ (151; 8% instances), ROOT (70; 4% instances), PRON (44; 2% instances), ADV (25; 1% instances), NUM (9; 1% instances), PROPN (9; 1% instances), CCONJ (7; 0% instances), PUNCT (6; 0% instances), ADP (4; 0% instances), DET (1; 0% instances), INTJ (1; 0% instances)

1376 (77%) PRON nodes are leaves.

274 (15%) PRON nodes have one child.

71 (4%) PRON nodes have two children.

71 (4%) PRON nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PRON node is 7.

Children of PRON nodes are attached using 23 different relations: tr-dep/advmod:emph (111; 17% instances), tr-dep/punct (108; 16% instances), tr-dep/case (106; 16% instances), tr-dep/conj (54; 8% instances), tr-dep/cop (54; 8% instances), tr-dep/nsubj (51; 8% instances), tr-dep/nmod:poss (31; 5% instances), tr-dep/compound (30; 4% instances), tr-dep/nmod (23; 3% instances), tr-dep/advmod (17; 3% instances), tr-dep/amod (16; 2% instances), tr-dep/acl (11; 2% instances), tr-dep/det (10; 1% instances), tr-dep/aux:q (8; 1% instances), tr-dep/cc (8; 1% instances), tr-dep/compound:redup (6; 1% instances), tr-dep/mark (6; 1% instances), tr-dep/obj (6; 1% instances), tr-dep/nummod (5; 1% instances), tr-dep/discourse (3; 0% instances), tr-dep/flat (2; 0% instances), tr-dep/appos (1; 0% instances), tr-dep/ccomp (1; 0% instances)

Children of PRON nodes belong to 13 different parts of speech: CCONJ (127; 19% instances), PUNCT (109; 16% instances), ADP (106; 16% instances), NOUN (85; 13% instances), VERB (69; 10% instances), AUX (59; 9% instances), PRON (44; 7% instances), ADJ (31; 5% instances), ADV (23; 3% instances), NUM (9; 1% instances), DET (3; 0% instances), PROPN (2; 0% instances), INTJ (1; 0% instances)