PRON: pronoun
Definition
Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns u-dep/u/pos/noun or noun phrases, whose meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context.
Words that substitute for adjectives u-dep/u/pos/adj (proadjectives) are also tagged as PRON in Estonian UD v 1.3.
Examples:
Demonstrative pronouns: see “this”, too “that”, üks “one, indefinite article-like usages”, esimene “first, this”, teine “second, that”, igaüks “everyone” etc.
Personal pronouns: mina (short form ma) “I”, sina (short form sa) “you”, tema (short form ta) “s/he”. For plural personal pronouns meie (me) “we”, teie (te) “you”, nemad (nad) “they”, the singular form serves as lemma.
Personal reflexive pronouns: oma, ise, omaenese, iseenese “self, oneself”.
Interrogative-relative pronouns: kes “who”, mis “what”.
Indefinite pronouns: keegi “somebody, anybody”, miski “something, anything” etc.
Totality pronouns: kõik “all, everybody”.
Reciprocal pronouns: teineteise “one another, each other”.
Possessive pronouns: oma, enese “self, oneself”.
Treebank Statistics (UD_Estonian)
There are 38 PRON lemmas (1%), 211 PRON types (2%) and 2631 PRON tokens (8%).
Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of PRON is: 8 in number of lemmas, 6 in number of types and 5 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent PRON lemmas: tema, mina, see, sina, mis, oma, ise, kes, kõik, miski
The 10 most frequent PRON types: ta, see, ma, oma, mis, nad, tema, seda, sa, kes
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: mina (PRON 390, NOUN 1, PROPN 1), see (PRON 375, DET 96), mis (PRON 168, DET 10), oma (PRON 138, ADV 1), ise (PRON 131, ADV 15), kõik (PRON 52, DET 30, ADV 1), keegi (PRON 46, DET 2), teine (PRON 37, DET 22, ADJ 20, NUM 1), üks (DET 67, NUM 28, PRON 11), too (DET 10, PRON 9, VERB 3)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: see (PRON 95, DET 21), oma (PRON 113, ADV 1), mis (PRON 82, DET 5), seda (PRON 69, DET 7), talle (PRON 44, NOUN 1), kõik (PRON 31, DET 14), selle (PRON 33, DET 13), keegi (PRON 28, DET 1), mina (PRON 16, NOUN 1), nende (PRON 28, DET 5)
- see
- oma
- mis
- seda
- talle
- kõik
- selle
- keegi
- mina
- nende
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of PRON is 5.552632 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.545328).
The 1st highest number of forms (25) was observed with the lemma “tema”: nad, neid, neil, neile, neist, nemad, nemadki, nende, nendele, nendest, ta, tal, talle, tast, teda, tema, temaga, temagi, temaks, temal, temale, temalgi, temalt, temas, temast.
The 2nd highest number of forms (24) was observed with the lemma “mina”: Meieni, ma, me, meid, meie, meiega, meil, meile, meist, mina, minagi, mind, minu, minuga, minule, minulgi, minult, minuni, minus, minust, mu, mul, mulle, must.
The 3rd highest number of forms (24) was observed with the lemma “see”: need, neid, neil, neis, neist, nende, nendega, nendest, seda, see, seegi, sel, selle, sellega, sellegi, selleks, sellele, sellelt, selleni, selles, sellest, sellestki, selleta, sest.
PRON occurs with 6 features: et-feat/Number (2631; 100% instances), et-feat/PronType (2631; 100% instances), et-feat/Case (2630; 100% instances), et-feat/Person (1475; 56% instances), et-feat/Reflex (157; 6% instances), et-feat/Poss (137; 5% instances)
PRON occurs with 30 feature-value pairs: Case=Abe, Case=Abl, Case=Add, Case=Ade, Case=All, Case=Com, Case=Ela, Case=Ess, Case=Gen, Case=Ill, Case=Ine, Case=Nom, Case=Par, Case=Ter, Case=Tra, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, Poss=Yes, PronType=Dem, PronType=Ind, PronType=Int, PronType=Int,Rel, PronType=Prs, PronType=Rcp, PronType=Rel, PronType=Tot, Reflex=Yes
PRON occurs with 158 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs (451 tokens).
Examples: ta, tema, temagi
Relations
PRON nodes are attached to their parents using 16 different relations: et-dep/nsubj (991; 38% instances), et-dep/obl (416; 16% instances), et-dep/obj (398; 15% instances), et-dep/nmod (272; 10% instances), et-dep/nsubj:cop (210; 8% instances), et-dep/nmod:poss (156; 6% instances), et-dep/det (67; 3% instances), et-dep/root (52; 2% instances), et-dep/conj (26; 1% instances), et-dep/advcl (13; 0% instances), et-dep/parataxis (8; 0% instances), et-dep/advmod:quant (7; 0% instances), et-dep/ccomp (7; 0% instances), et-dep/acl:relcl (4; 0% instances), et-dep/amod (3; 0% instances), et-dep/csubj (1; 0% instances)
Parents of PRON nodes belong to 9 different parts of speech: VERB (1789; 68% instances), NOUN (568; 22% instances), ADJ (118; 4% instances), PRON (62; 2% instances), ROOT (52; 2% instances), ADV (21; 1% instances), PROPN (12; 0% instances), NUM (8; 0% instances), AUX (1; 0% instances)
2300 (87%) PRON nodes are leaves.
210 (8%) PRON nodes have one child.
38 (1%) PRON nodes have two children.
83 (3%) PRON nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a PRON node is 8.
Children of PRON nodes are attached using 23 different relations: et-dep/punct (131; 19% instances), et-dep/case (98; 14% instances), et-dep/cop (76; 11% instances), et-dep/nsubj:cop (73; 11% instances), et-dep/advmod (65; 10% instances), et-dep/nmod (45; 7% instances), et-dep/acl:relcl (30; 4% instances), et-dep/amod (26; 4% instances), et-dep/conj (23; 3% instances), et-dep/obl (21; 3% instances), et-dep/mark (17; 2% instances), et-dep/cc (14; 2% instances), et-dep/parataxis (11; 2% instances), et-dep/acl (10; 1% instances), et-dep/det (10; 1% instances), et-dep/advcl (7; 1% instances), et-dep/appos (6; 1% instances), et-dep/aux (6; 1% instances), et-dep/vocative (6; 1% instances), et-dep/discourse (3; 0% instances), et-dep/nsubj (3; 0% instances), et-dep/nmod:poss (2; 0% instances), et-dep/obj (1; 0% instances)
Children of PRON nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: PUNCT (131; 19% instances), NOUN (105; 15% instances), ADP (98; 14% instances), AUX (82; 12% instances), ADV (70; 10% instances), PRON (62; 9% instances), VERB (60; 9% instances), ADJ (28; 4% instances), CCONJ (14; 2% instances), SCONJ (14; 2% instances), PROPN (9; 1% instances), DET (7; 1% instances), INTJ (3; 0% instances), NUM (1; 0% instances)
PRON in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]