PRON
: pronoun
Definition
Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns or noun phrases. Their meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context.
Examples
- personal pronouns: je, tu, il
- demonstrative pronouns: ceux
- reflexive pronous: me, se
- interrogative/relative pronouns: qui, que
Treebank Statistics (UD_French)
There are 80 PRON
lemmas (0%), 148 PRON
types (0%) and 17486 PRON
tokens (4%).
Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of PRON
is: 9 in number of lemmas, 9 in number of types and 8 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent PRON
lemmas: il, se, qui, elle, ce, le, on, lui, que, où
The 10 most frequent PRON
types: il, qui, se, s’, elle, on, c’, ils, lui, ce
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: il (PRON 4636, DET 2), se (PRON 2351, X 1), ce (DET 2160, PRON 933, SCONJ 2, X 1), le (DET 42233, PRON 859, PROPN 3), on (PRON 599, ADP 4, PROPN 1), que (SCONJ 2066, PRON 490, ADV 193, ADP 129), où (PRON 376, ADV 19), un (DET 9910, PRON 311, NUM 57, NOUN 2, PROPN 1), en (ADP 5778, PRON 265), y (ADV 285, PRON 232, CCONJ 3, X 1)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: se (PRON 1321, X 1, DET 1), s’ (PRON 963, SCONJ 47), on (PRON 373, ADP 4, AUX 2, PROPN 1), ce (DET 521, PRON 315, SCONJ 2, X 1), où (PRON 368, ADV 13), le (DET 13505, PRON 280, PROPN 3), en (ADP 5008, PRON 264), l’ (DET 6061, PRON 259, PART 149, PROPN 2), qu’ (SCONJ 635, PRON 253, ADV 76, ADP 15), que (SCONJ 1421, PRON 224, ADV 116, ADP 113)
- se
- PRON 1321: Puis , ils se serrent la main et le médecin déclare : .
- X 1: En 1972 , il réalise son premier long-métrage Si se calla el cantor , avec Olga Zubarry , qui raconte le triomphe d’ un chanteur , après des années de « galère » .
- DET 1: Le 20 février 1790 le père Rolland , ancien prieur , est pendu ainsi que trois de se compagnons .
- s’
- on
- PRON 373: on s’ y retrouve souvent le soir entre potes
- ADP 4: Windows on the World est un roman de Frédéric Beigbeder paru le 20 août 2003 à les éditions Grasset et ayant reçu le prix Interallié la même année .
- AUX 2: Wily dit que ces robot l’ ont attaqué et lui on volé une machine permettant de créer un remède contre la maladie .
- PROPN 1: Le premier CD contient quatorze chansons interprétées lors de divers concerts par la formation originale en trio durant les deux premières années d’ existence de le groupe , dont neuf sorties en singles ( une en “ face B “ ) , alors que le deuxième CD contient des chansons interprétées lors de divers concerts par la formation à huit puis sept membres qui lui a succédé en 2002 , dont dix issues de la discographie de la formation initiale , incluant à nouveau Movin ‘ on qui figure en deux versions .
- ce
- DET 521: Pour moi ce restaurant est le meilleur restaurant Japonnais de Caen .
- PRON 315: C’ est ce que nous nommons aujourd’hui le Vieux-Flassans , ou “ Ville “ ,
- SCONJ 2: ” Nous sommes fermement opposés à ce qu’ un gouvernement étranger ou une personnalité politique soutienne et encourage ces activités “ , avait -il ajouté .
- X 1: L’ altération de l’ initiale en Ex - est faite d’ après le latin Ex cal [ ce ] liber [ atus ] ( libéré de le caillou ) .
- où
- le
- en
- l’
- DET 6061: Tarzan , l’ homme singe , règne en maître sur son domaine , la jungle .
- PRON 259: Il aurait alors distribué des terres à les Gascons qui l’ auraient aidé .
- PART 149: C’ est l’ une de les trois banlieues où ce trafic domine .
- PROPN 2: Les tableaux religieux , souvent situés dans la région rurale de la Lys , sont probablement imités de Pieter Bruegel l’ Ancien .
- qu’
- SCONJ 635: Pourtant en 1940 Cuijk n’ avait encore qu’ environ 4600 habitants .
- PRON 253: C’ est ce qu’ on appelle une campagne de dératisation intensive .
- ADV 76: Mais qu’ importe : ce soir c’ est LE soir !
- ADP 15: La médiathèque est à le cœur de la part la plus animée de la ville en même temps qu’ en retrait .
- que
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of PRON
is 1.850000 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.305637).
The 1st highest number of forms (14) was observed with the lemma “il”: -Tu, -elle, -elles, -il, -ils, Lui, elle, elles, il, ils, je, t-il, tu, Lui.
The 2nd highest number of forms (9) was observed with the lemma “le”: -le, -nous, -vous, l’, la, le, les, nous, vous.
The 3rd highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “lui”: -eux, -vous, Eux, leur, lui, nous, vous.
PRON
occurs with 6 features: fr-feat/PronType (15064; 86% instances), fr-feat/Person (12180; 70% instances), fr-feat/Number (11285; 65% instances), fr-feat/Gender (7772; 44% instances), fr-feat/Reflex (101; 1% instances), fr-feat/Polarity (9; 0% instances)
PRON
occurs with 15 feature-value pairs: Gender=Fem
, Gender=Masc
, Number=Plur
, Number=Sing
, Person=1
, Person=2
, Person=3
, Polarity=Neg
, PronType=Dem
, PronType=Ind
, PronType=Int
, PronType=Neg
, PronType=Prs
, PronType=Rel
, Reflex=Yes
PRON
occurs with 60 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
(3962 tokens).
Examples: il, le, -il, lui, l’, t-il, -le, se
Relations
PRON
nodes are attached to their parents using 28 different relations: fr-dep/nsubj (9212; 53% instances), fr-dep/obj (3157; 18% instances), fr-dep/obl (1111; 6% instances), fr-dep/expl (991; 6% instances), fr-dep/iobj (818; 5% instances), fr-dep/nsubj:pass (746; 4% instances), fr-dep/nmod (609; 3% instances), fr-dep/appos (200; 1% instances), fr-dep/root (188; 1% instances), fr-dep/conj (174; 1% instances), fr-dep/advmod (108; 1% instances), fr-dep/fixed (58; 0% instances), fr-dep/xcomp (22; 0% instances), fr-dep/case (20; 0% instances), fr-dep/acl:relcl (18; 0% instances), fr-dep/dep (17; 0% instances), fr-dep/advcl (8; 0% instances), fr-dep/ccomp (8; 0% instances), fr-dep/dislocated (8; 0% instances), fr-dep/parataxis (4; 0% instances), fr-dep/reparandum (2; 0% instances), fr-dep/acl (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/cc (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/compound (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/goeswith (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/mark (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/nmod:poss (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/vocative (1; 0% instances)
Parents of PRON
nodes belong to 17 different parts of speech: VERB (14558; 83% instances), NOUN (1581; 9% instances), ADJ (614; 4% instances), PRON (252; 1% instances), ROOT (188; 1% instances), PROPN (152; 1% instances), ADP (37; 0% instances), NUM (37; 0% instances), ADV (36; 0% instances), SYM (10; 0% instances), INTJ (5; 0% instances), SCONJ (4; 0% instances), X (4; 0% instances), AUX (3; 0% instances), PART (3; 0% instances), CCONJ (1; 0% instances), DET (1; 0% instances)
15038 (86%) PRON
nodes are leaves.
1491 (9%) PRON
nodes have one child.
524 (3%) PRON
nodes have two children.
433 (2%) PRON
nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a PRON
node is 11.
Children of PRON
nodes are attached using 31 different relations: fr-dep/case (1042; 24% instances), fr-dep/nmod (633; 15% instances), fr-dep/punct (407; 9% instances), fr-dep/acl:relcl (335; 8% instances), fr-dep/expl (288; 7% instances), fr-dep/acl (256; 6% instances), fr-dep/cop (222; 5% instances), fr-dep/nsubj (209; 5% instances), fr-dep/det (184; 4% instances), fr-dep/cc (160; 4% instances), fr-dep/appos (124; 3% instances), fr-dep/conj (121; 3% instances), fr-dep/advmod (113; 3% instances), fr-dep/amod (75; 2% instances), fr-dep/fixed (36; 1% instances), fr-dep/mark (33; 1% instances), fr-dep/obl (31; 1% instances), fr-dep/advcl (19; 0% instances), fr-dep/aux (9; 0% instances), fr-dep/nummod (6; 0% instances), fr-dep/dep (5; 0% instances), fr-dep/iobj (5; 0% instances), fr-dep/ccomp (4; 0% instances), fr-dep/goeswith (4; 0% instances), fr-dep/parataxis (3; 0% instances), fr-dep/reparandum (2; 0% instances), fr-dep/xcomp (2; 0% instances), fr-dep/aux:pass (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/compound (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/discourse (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/nsubj:pass (1; 0% instances)
Children of PRON
nodes belong to 17 different parts of speech: ADP (1014; 23% instances), NOUN (743; 17% instances), VERB (616; 14% instances), PUNCT (407; 9% instances), PRON (252; 6% instances), PART (241; 6% instances), AUX (232; 5% instances), DET (182; 4% instances), ADV (177; 4% instances), PROPN (167; 4% instances), CCONJ (146; 3% instances), ADJ (92; 2% instances), NUM (31; 1% instances), SCONJ (28; 1% instances), X (2; 0% instances), INTJ (1; 0% instances), SYM (1; 0% instances)
Treebank Statistics (UD_French-ParTUT)
There are 47 PRON
lemmas (2%), 69 PRON
types (2%) and 983 PRON
tokens (5%).
Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of PRON
is: 7 in number of lemmas, 8 in number of types and 7 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent PRON
lemmas: nous, qui, il, je, ce, vous, se, que, le, on
The 10 most frequent PRON
types: nous, qui, je, il, vous, ce, se, c’, s’, on
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: ce (DET 144, PRON 86), que (SCONJ 237, PRON 37, ADP 18, ADV 7, CCONJ 5), le (DET 2093, PRON 36), en (ADP 224, PRON 11), où (PRON 8, ADV 2), tout (DET 80, ADV 15, PRON 8), y (ADV 30, PRON 8), un (DET 375, PRON 7, NUM 1), autre (ADJ 18, DET 10, PRON 4), leur (DET 34, PRON 2)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: ce (PRON 49, DET 45), s’ (PRON 28, SCONJ 11, ADP 1), que (SCONJ 177, PRON 25, ADP 14, ADV 5, CCONJ 2), l’ (DET 330, PRON 15), le (DET 574, PRON 15), qu’ (SCONJ 60, PRON 14, ADP 4, CCONJ 3, ADV 2), en (ADP 207, PRON 11), où (PRON 8, ADV 2), tous (DET 19, PRON 5), y (ADV 30, PRON 8)
- ce
- s’
- que
- SCONJ 177: Monsieur Cox , monsieur Hänsch , est -ce que cela vous convient ?
- PRON 25: C’ est ce que nous demandons aujourd’hui à le commissaire .
- ADP 14: Ces textes font foi dans les mêmes conditions que les textes de le traité visé à le premier alinéa , établis dans les langues actuelles .
- ADV 5: Ces mesures n’ entrent en vigueur que sous réserve et à la date de l’ entrée en vigueur de le présent traité .
- CCONJ 2: En conséquence , le caractère transnational et pluridisciplinaire exigé par l’ article 3 de la décision Pericles a été respecté , puisqu’ il est recherché tant sur le plan de l’ expérience professionnelle de les participants que de le contenu de les actions .
- l’
- le
- qu’
- SCONJ 60: Comment se fait -il qu’ il n’ y ait pas de consignes en cas d’ incendie ?
- PRON 14: Mais savez -vous ce qu’ ils disaient en sortant ?
- ADP 4: Et dans ces cavités , ces microcavités se forment , et alors qu’ elles fusionnent les sols , elles absorbent de l’ eau .
- CCONJ 3: 1 . Toute personne , aussi bien seule qu’ en collectivité , a droit à la propriété .
- ADV 2: Étant donné que chaque compte n’ appartient qu’ à un seul individu , nous demandons à chacun d’ indiquer son nom réel .
- en
- où
- tous
- y
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of PRON
is 1.468085 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.316828).
The 1st highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “ce”: -ce, c’, ce, ceux, ça.
The 2nd highest number of forms (4) was observed with the lemma “le”: l’, la, le, les.
The 3rd highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “celui”: celle, celui, ceux.
PRON
occurs with 4 features: fr-feat/PronType (983; 100% instances), fr-feat/Person (697; 71% instances), fr-feat/Number (682; 69% instances), fr-feat/Gender (270; 27% instances)
PRON
occurs with 13 feature-value pairs: Gender=Fem
, Gender=Masc
, Number=Plur
, Number=Sing
, Person=1
, Person=2
, Person=3
, PronType=Dem
, PronType=Ind
, PronType=Int
, PronType=Prs
, PronType=Rel
, PronType=Tot
PRON
occurs with 34 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is PronType=Rel
(181 tokens).
Examples: qui, que, qu’, dont, où, laquelle, lequel, auxquelles, quoi, auxquels
Relations
PRON
nodes are attached to their parents using 16 different relations: fr-dep/nsubj (519; 53% instances), fr-dep/obj (125; 13% instances), fr-dep/expl (105; 11% instances), fr-dep/obl (74; 8% instances), fr-dep/iobj (53; 5% instances), fr-dep/nsubj:pass (37; 4% instances), fr-dep/nmod (28; 3% instances), fr-dep/conj (12; 1% instances), fr-dep/appos (11; 1% instances), fr-dep/root (8; 1% instances), fr-dep/case (4; 0% instances), fr-dep/acl:relcl (3; 0% instances), fr-dep/acl (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/advcl (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/ccomp (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/dislocated (1; 0% instances)
Parents of PRON
nodes belong to 10 different parts of speech: VERB (799; 81% instances), NOUN (85; 9% instances), ADJ (65; 7% instances), PRON (13; 1% instances), ROOT (8; 1% instances), AUX (5; 1% instances), PROPN (3; 0% instances), DET (2; 0% instances), NUM (2; 0% instances), ADV (1; 0% instances)
839 (85%) PRON
nodes are leaves.
76 (8%) PRON
nodes have one child.
35 (4%) PRON
nodes have two children.
33 (3%) PRON
nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a PRON
node is 7.
Children of PRON
nodes are attached using 21 different relations: fr-dep/case (67; 25% instances), fr-dep/acl:relcl (44; 16% instances), fr-dep/punct (38; 14% instances), fr-dep/nmod (27; 10% instances), fr-dep/cc (14; 5% instances), fr-dep/cop (13; 5% instances), fr-dep/acl (12; 4% instances), fr-dep/det (12; 4% instances), fr-dep/nsubj (11; 4% instances), fr-dep/fixed (8; 3% instances), fr-dep/advmod (6; 2% instances), fr-dep/conj (4; 1% instances), fr-dep/advcl (3; 1% instances), fr-dep/aux (2; 1% instances), fr-dep/mark (2; 1% instances), fr-dep/appos (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/csubj (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/dislocated (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/expl (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/nummod (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/parataxis (1; 0% instances)
Children of PRON
nodes belong to 13 different parts of speech: ADP (66; 25% instances), VERB (54; 20% instances), PUNCT (38; 14% instances), NOUN (36; 13% instances), AUX (15; 6% instances), CCONJ (13; 5% instances), PRON (13; 5% instances), DET (12; 4% instances), ADV (11; 4% instances), PROPN (4; 1% instances), ADJ (3; 1% instances), SCONJ (3; 1% instances), NUM (1; 0% instances)
Treebank Statistics (UD_French-Sequoia)
There are 83 PRON
lemmas (1%), 129 PRON
types (1%) and 2476 PRON
tokens (4%).
Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of PRON
is: 8 in number of lemmas, 8 in number of types and 8 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent PRON
lemmas: il, le/lui, qui, ce, que, le, y, dont, cela, en
The 10 most frequent PRON
types: il, qui, nous, se, je, s’, vous, elle, ce, que
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: ce (DET 383, PRON 128), que (SCONJ 462, PRON 102, ADV 25), le (DET 6379, PRON 86), en (ADP 606, PRON 43, NOUN 4, X 3), où (PRON 40, ADV 4), un (DET 1513, PRON 37), tout (ADJ 85, DET 32, ADV 28, PRON 17), 1 (NUM 28, PRON 8), certain (DET 17, PRON 7, ADJ 6), autre (ADJ 101, PRON 6)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: s’ (PRON 113, SCONJ 7), ce (DET 101, PRON 60), que (SCONJ 345, PRON 57, ADV 17), en (ADP 535, PRON 40, NOUN 4, X 3), où (PRON 40, ADV 3), qu’ (SCONJ 112, PRON 33, ADV 8), un (DET 467, PRON 33), le (DET 1756, PRON 30), l’ (DET 1069, PRON 27), les (DET 1525, PRON 16)
- s’
- ce
- que
- en
- ADP 535: Notamment , la visite guidée de le siège à Valenciennes en soirée .
- PRON 40: à ce jour , ils attendent que leur directeur en fasse tout autant .
- NOUN 4: - ( en ) “ Digital Tampering in the Media , Politics and Law “ .
- X 3: - ^ ( en ) Phillip Knightley , The disinformation campaign , The Guardian , October 4 , 2001 .
- où
- qu’
- un
- le
- l’
- les
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of PRON
is 1.554217 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.389679).
The 1st highest number of forms (16) was observed with the lemma “il”: -elle, -il, -ils, -je, -nous, -on, -vous, elle, elles, il, ils, j’, je, nous, on, vous.
The 2nd highest number of forms (8) was observed with the lemma “le/lui”: -moi, -vous, m’, me, nous, s’, se, vous.
The 3rd highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “soi”: Toi, elle, elles, eux, moi, nous, vous.
PRON
occurs with 6 features: fr-feat/Person (1623; 66% instances), fr-feat/Number (1483; 60% instances), fr-feat/PronType (903; 36% instances), fr-feat/Gender (720; 29% instances), fr-feat/Reflex (289; 12% instances), fr-feat/NumType (56; 2% instances)
PRON
occurs with 13 feature-value pairs: Gender=Fem
, Gender=Masc
, NumType=Card
, Number=Plur
, Number=Sing
, Person=1
, Person=2
, Person=3
, PronType=Dem
, PronType=Int
, PronType=Prs
, PronType=Rel
, Reflex=Yes
PRON
occurs with 45 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is PronType=Rel
(554 tokens).
Examples: qui, que, ce, dont, où, qu’, un, laquelle, 1, rien
Relations
PRON
nodes are attached to their parents using 21 different relations: fr-dep/nsubj (1255; 51% instances), fr-dep/expl (284; 11% instances), fr-dep/obj (251; 10% instances), fr-dep/iobj (209; 8% instances), fr-dep/nsubj:pass (111; 4% instances), fr-dep/obl (105; 4% instances), fr-dep/nmod (67; 3% instances), fr-dep/fixed (50; 2% instances), fr-dep/dep (46; 2% instances), fr-dep/conj (22; 1% instances), fr-dep/root (18; 1% instances), fr-dep/appos (14; 1% instances), fr-dep/case (14; 1% instances), fr-dep/advmod (11; 0% instances), fr-dep/acl:relcl (6; 0% instances), fr-dep/orphan (4; 0% instances), fr-dep/cc (3; 0% instances), fr-dep/dislocated (3; 0% instances), fr-dep/advcl (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/parataxis (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/xcomp (1; 0% instances)
Parents of PRON
nodes belong to 9 different parts of speech: VERB (1970; 80% instances), NOUN (234; 9% instances), ADJ (137; 6% instances), PRON (54; 2% instances), ADP (26; 1% instances), ROOT (18; 1% instances), PROPN (15; 1% instances), DET (12; 0% instances), ADV (10; 0% instances)
2101 (85%) PRON
nodes are leaves.
221 (9%) PRON
nodes have one child.
81 (3%) PRON
nodes have two children.
73 (3%) PRON
nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a PRON
node is 9.
Children of PRON
nodes are attached using 23 different relations: fr-dep/case (177; 26% instances), fr-dep/nmod (81; 12% instances), fr-dep/fixed (70; 10% instances), fr-dep/acl:relcl (51; 8% instances), fr-dep/acl (50; 7% instances), fr-dep/punct (40; 6% instances), fr-dep/det (34; 5% instances), fr-dep/advmod (24; 4% instances), fr-dep/cc (24; 4% instances), fr-dep/cop (21; 3% instances), fr-dep/conj (20; 3% instances), fr-dep/nsubj (18; 3% instances), fr-dep/amod (17; 3% instances), fr-dep/dep (9; 1% instances), fr-dep/mark (6; 1% instances), fr-dep/obj (6; 1% instances), fr-dep/appos (5; 1% instances), fr-dep/dislocated (5; 1% instances), fr-dep/expl (5; 1% instances), fr-dep/orphan (4; 1% instances), fr-dep/aux (2; 0% instances), fr-dep/nummod (2; 0% instances), fr-dep/obl (1; 0% instances)
Children of PRON
nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: ADP (184; 27% instances), VERB (114; 17% instances), NOUN (92; 14% instances), PRON (54; 8% instances), PUNCT (46; 7% instances), ADJ (38; 6% instances), ADV (36; 5% instances), DET (32; 5% instances), CCONJ (24; 4% instances), AUX (23; 3% instances), PROPN (16; 2% instances), SCONJ (6; 1% instances), PART (5; 1% instances), NUM (2; 0% instances)
PRON in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]