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PRON: pronoun

Definition

Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns or noun phrases. Their meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context.

Examples


Treebank Statistics (UD_French)

There are 80 PRON lemmas (0%), 148 PRON types (0%) and 17486 PRON tokens (4%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of PRON is: 9 in number of lemmas, 9 in number of types and 8 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PRON lemmas: il, se, qui, elle, ce, le, on, lui, que, où

The 10 most frequent PRON types: il, qui, se, s’, elle, on, c’, ils, lui, ce

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: il (PRON 4636, DET 2), se (PRON 2351, X 1), ce (DET 2160, PRON 933, SCONJ 2, X 1), le (DET 42233, PRON 859, PROPN 3), on (PRON 599, ADP 4, PROPN 1), que (SCONJ 2066, PRON 490, ADV 193, ADP 129), (PRON 376, ADV 19), un (DET 9910, PRON 311, NUM 57, NOUN 2, PROPN 1), en (ADP 5778, PRON 265), y (ADV 285, PRON 232, CCONJ 3, X 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: se (PRON 1321, X 1, DET 1), s’ (PRON 963, SCONJ 47), on (PRON 373, ADP 4, AUX 2, PROPN 1), ce (DET 521, PRON 315, SCONJ 2, X 1), (PRON 368, ADV 13), le (DET 13505, PRON 280, PROPN 3), en (ADP 5008, PRON 264), l’ (DET 6061, PRON 259, PART 149, PROPN 2), qu’ (SCONJ 635, PRON 253, ADV 76, ADP 15), que (SCONJ 1421, PRON 224, ADV 116, ADP 113)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PRON is 1.850000 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.305637).

The 1st highest number of forms (14) was observed with the lemma “il”: -Tu, -elle, -elles, -il, -ils, Lui, elle, elles, il, ils, je, t-il, tu, Lui.

The 2nd highest number of forms (9) was observed with the lemma “le”: -le, -nous, -vous, l’, la, le, les, nous, vous.

The 3rd highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “lui”: -eux, -vous, Eux, leur, lui, nous, vous.

PRON occurs with 6 features: fr-feat/PronType (15064; 86% instances), fr-feat/Person (12180; 70% instances), fr-feat/Number (11285; 65% instances), fr-feat/Gender (7772; 44% instances), fr-feat/Reflex (101; 1% instances), fr-feat/Polarity (9; 0% instances)

PRON occurs with 15 feature-value pairs: Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, Polarity=Neg, PronType=Dem, PronType=Ind, PronType=Int, PronType=Neg, PronType=Prs, PronType=Rel, Reflex=Yes

PRON occurs with 60 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs (3962 tokens). Examples: il, le, -il, lui, l’, t-il, -le, se

Relations

PRON nodes are attached to their parents using 28 different relations: fr-dep/nsubj (9212; 53% instances), fr-dep/obj (3157; 18% instances), fr-dep/obl (1111; 6% instances), fr-dep/expl (991; 6% instances), fr-dep/iobj (818; 5% instances), fr-dep/nsubj:pass (746; 4% instances), fr-dep/nmod (609; 3% instances), fr-dep/appos (200; 1% instances), fr-dep/root (188; 1% instances), fr-dep/conj (174; 1% instances), fr-dep/advmod (108; 1% instances), fr-dep/fixed (58; 0% instances), fr-dep/xcomp (22; 0% instances), fr-dep/case (20; 0% instances), fr-dep/acl:relcl (18; 0% instances), fr-dep/dep (17; 0% instances), fr-dep/advcl (8; 0% instances), fr-dep/ccomp (8; 0% instances), fr-dep/dislocated (8; 0% instances), fr-dep/parataxis (4; 0% instances), fr-dep/reparandum (2; 0% instances), fr-dep/acl (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/cc (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/compound (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/goeswith (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/mark (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/nmod:poss (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/vocative (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PRON nodes belong to 17 different parts of speech: VERB (14558; 83% instances), NOUN (1581; 9% instances), ADJ (614; 4% instances), PRON (252; 1% instances), ROOT (188; 1% instances), PROPN (152; 1% instances), ADP (37; 0% instances), NUM (37; 0% instances), ADV (36; 0% instances), SYM (10; 0% instances), INTJ (5; 0% instances), SCONJ (4; 0% instances), X (4; 0% instances), AUX (3; 0% instances), PART (3; 0% instances), CCONJ (1; 0% instances), DET (1; 0% instances)

15038 (86%) PRON nodes are leaves.

1491 (9%) PRON nodes have one child.

524 (3%) PRON nodes have two children.

433 (2%) PRON nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PRON node is 11.

Children of PRON nodes are attached using 31 different relations: fr-dep/case (1042; 24% instances), fr-dep/nmod (633; 15% instances), fr-dep/punct (407; 9% instances), fr-dep/acl:relcl (335; 8% instances), fr-dep/expl (288; 7% instances), fr-dep/acl (256; 6% instances), fr-dep/cop (222; 5% instances), fr-dep/nsubj (209; 5% instances), fr-dep/det (184; 4% instances), fr-dep/cc (160; 4% instances), fr-dep/appos (124; 3% instances), fr-dep/conj (121; 3% instances), fr-dep/advmod (113; 3% instances), fr-dep/amod (75; 2% instances), fr-dep/fixed (36; 1% instances), fr-dep/mark (33; 1% instances), fr-dep/obl (31; 1% instances), fr-dep/advcl (19; 0% instances), fr-dep/aux (9; 0% instances), fr-dep/nummod (6; 0% instances), fr-dep/dep (5; 0% instances), fr-dep/iobj (5; 0% instances), fr-dep/ccomp (4; 0% instances), fr-dep/goeswith (4; 0% instances), fr-dep/parataxis (3; 0% instances), fr-dep/reparandum (2; 0% instances), fr-dep/xcomp (2; 0% instances), fr-dep/aux:pass (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/compound (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/discourse (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/nsubj:pass (1; 0% instances)

Children of PRON nodes belong to 17 different parts of speech: ADP (1014; 23% instances), NOUN (743; 17% instances), VERB (616; 14% instances), PUNCT (407; 9% instances), PRON (252; 6% instances), PART (241; 6% instances), AUX (232; 5% instances), DET (182; 4% instances), ADV (177; 4% instances), PROPN (167; 4% instances), CCONJ (146; 3% instances), ADJ (92; 2% instances), NUM (31; 1% instances), SCONJ (28; 1% instances), X (2; 0% instances), INTJ (1; 0% instances), SYM (1; 0% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_French-ParTUT)

There are 47 PRON lemmas (2%), 69 PRON types (2%) and 983 PRON tokens (5%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of PRON is: 7 in number of lemmas, 8 in number of types and 7 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PRON lemmas: nous, qui, il, je, ce, vous, se, que, le, on

The 10 most frequent PRON types: nous, qui, je, il, vous, ce, se, c’, s’, on

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: ce (DET 144, PRON 86), que (SCONJ 237, PRON 37, ADP 18, ADV 7, CCONJ 5), le (DET 2093, PRON 36), en (ADP 224, PRON 11), (PRON 8, ADV 2), tout (DET 80, ADV 15, PRON 8), y (ADV 30, PRON 8), un (DET 375, PRON 7, NUM 1), autre (ADJ 18, DET 10, PRON 4), leur (DET 34, PRON 2)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: ce (PRON 49, DET 45), s’ (PRON 28, SCONJ 11, ADP 1), que (SCONJ 177, PRON 25, ADP 14, ADV 5, CCONJ 2), l’ (DET 330, PRON 15), le (DET 574, PRON 15), qu’ (SCONJ 60, PRON 14, ADP 4, CCONJ 3, ADV 2), en (ADP 207, PRON 11), (PRON 8, ADV 2), tous (DET 19, PRON 5), y (ADV 30, PRON 8)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PRON is 1.468085 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.316828).

The 1st highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “ce”: -ce, c’, ce, ceux, ça.

The 2nd highest number of forms (4) was observed with the lemma “le”: l’, la, le, les.

The 3rd highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “celui”: celle, celui, ceux.

PRON occurs with 4 features: fr-feat/PronType (983; 100% instances), fr-feat/Person (697; 71% instances), fr-feat/Number (682; 69% instances), fr-feat/Gender (270; 27% instances)

PRON occurs with 13 feature-value pairs: Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, PronType=Dem, PronType=Ind, PronType=Int, PronType=Prs, PronType=Rel, PronType=Tot

PRON occurs with 34 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is PronType=Rel (181 tokens). Examples: qui, que, qu’, dont, où, laquelle, lequel, auxquelles, quoi, auxquels

Relations

PRON nodes are attached to their parents using 16 different relations: fr-dep/nsubj (519; 53% instances), fr-dep/obj (125; 13% instances), fr-dep/expl (105; 11% instances), fr-dep/obl (74; 8% instances), fr-dep/iobj (53; 5% instances), fr-dep/nsubj:pass (37; 4% instances), fr-dep/nmod (28; 3% instances), fr-dep/conj (12; 1% instances), fr-dep/appos (11; 1% instances), fr-dep/root (8; 1% instances), fr-dep/case (4; 0% instances), fr-dep/acl:relcl (3; 0% instances), fr-dep/acl (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/advcl (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/ccomp (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/dislocated (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PRON nodes belong to 10 different parts of speech: VERB (799; 81% instances), NOUN (85; 9% instances), ADJ (65; 7% instances), PRON (13; 1% instances), ROOT (8; 1% instances), AUX (5; 1% instances), PROPN (3; 0% instances), DET (2; 0% instances), NUM (2; 0% instances), ADV (1; 0% instances)

839 (85%) PRON nodes are leaves.

76 (8%) PRON nodes have one child.

35 (4%) PRON nodes have two children.

33 (3%) PRON nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PRON node is 7.

Children of PRON nodes are attached using 21 different relations: fr-dep/case (67; 25% instances), fr-dep/acl:relcl (44; 16% instances), fr-dep/punct (38; 14% instances), fr-dep/nmod (27; 10% instances), fr-dep/cc (14; 5% instances), fr-dep/cop (13; 5% instances), fr-dep/acl (12; 4% instances), fr-dep/det (12; 4% instances), fr-dep/nsubj (11; 4% instances), fr-dep/fixed (8; 3% instances), fr-dep/advmod (6; 2% instances), fr-dep/conj (4; 1% instances), fr-dep/advcl (3; 1% instances), fr-dep/aux (2; 1% instances), fr-dep/mark (2; 1% instances), fr-dep/appos (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/csubj (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/dislocated (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/expl (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/nummod (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/parataxis (1; 0% instances)

Children of PRON nodes belong to 13 different parts of speech: ADP (66; 25% instances), VERB (54; 20% instances), PUNCT (38; 14% instances), NOUN (36; 13% instances), AUX (15; 6% instances), CCONJ (13; 5% instances), PRON (13; 5% instances), DET (12; 4% instances), ADV (11; 4% instances), PROPN (4; 1% instances), ADJ (3; 1% instances), SCONJ (3; 1% instances), NUM (1; 0% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_French-Sequoia)

There are 83 PRON lemmas (1%), 129 PRON types (1%) and 2476 PRON tokens (4%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of PRON is: 8 in number of lemmas, 8 in number of types and 8 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PRON lemmas: il, le/lui, qui, ce, que, le, y, dont, cela, en

The 10 most frequent PRON types: il, qui, nous, se, je, s’, vous, elle, ce, que

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: ce (DET 383, PRON 128), que (SCONJ 462, PRON 102, ADV 25), le (DET 6379, PRON 86), en (ADP 606, PRON 43, NOUN 4, X 3), (PRON 40, ADV 4), un (DET 1513, PRON 37), tout (ADJ 85, DET 32, ADV 28, PRON 17), 1 (NUM 28, PRON 8), certain (DET 17, PRON 7, ADJ 6), autre (ADJ 101, PRON 6)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: s’ (PRON 113, SCONJ 7), ce (DET 101, PRON 60), que (SCONJ 345, PRON 57, ADV 17), en (ADP 535, PRON 40, NOUN 4, X 3), (PRON 40, ADV 3), qu’ (SCONJ 112, PRON 33, ADV 8), un (DET 467, PRON 33), le (DET 1756, PRON 30), l’ (DET 1069, PRON 27), les (DET 1525, PRON 16)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PRON is 1.554217 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.389679).

The 1st highest number of forms (16) was observed with the lemma “il”: -elle, -il, -ils, -je, -nous, -on, -vous, elle, elles, il, ils, j’, je, nous, on, vous.

The 2nd highest number of forms (8) was observed with the lemma “le/lui”: -moi, -vous, m’, me, nous, s’, se, vous.

The 3rd highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “soi”: Toi, elle, elles, eux, moi, nous, vous.

PRON occurs with 6 features: fr-feat/Person (1623; 66% instances), fr-feat/Number (1483; 60% instances), fr-feat/PronType (903; 36% instances), fr-feat/Gender (720; 29% instances), fr-feat/Reflex (289; 12% instances), fr-feat/NumType (56; 2% instances)

PRON occurs with 13 feature-value pairs: Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, NumType=Card, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, PronType=Dem, PronType=Int, PronType=Prs, PronType=Rel, Reflex=Yes

PRON occurs with 45 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is PronType=Rel (554 tokens). Examples: qui, que, ce, dont, où, qu’, un, laquelle, 1, rien

Relations

PRON nodes are attached to their parents using 21 different relations: fr-dep/nsubj (1255; 51% instances), fr-dep/expl (284; 11% instances), fr-dep/obj (251; 10% instances), fr-dep/iobj (209; 8% instances), fr-dep/nsubj:pass (111; 4% instances), fr-dep/obl (105; 4% instances), fr-dep/nmod (67; 3% instances), fr-dep/fixed (50; 2% instances), fr-dep/dep (46; 2% instances), fr-dep/conj (22; 1% instances), fr-dep/root (18; 1% instances), fr-dep/appos (14; 1% instances), fr-dep/case (14; 1% instances), fr-dep/advmod (11; 0% instances), fr-dep/acl:relcl (6; 0% instances), fr-dep/orphan (4; 0% instances), fr-dep/cc (3; 0% instances), fr-dep/dislocated (3; 0% instances), fr-dep/advcl (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/parataxis (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/xcomp (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PRON nodes belong to 9 different parts of speech: VERB (1970; 80% instances), NOUN (234; 9% instances), ADJ (137; 6% instances), PRON (54; 2% instances), ADP (26; 1% instances), ROOT (18; 1% instances), PROPN (15; 1% instances), DET (12; 0% instances), ADV (10; 0% instances)

2101 (85%) PRON nodes are leaves.

221 (9%) PRON nodes have one child.

81 (3%) PRON nodes have two children.

73 (3%) PRON nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PRON node is 9.

Children of PRON nodes are attached using 23 different relations: fr-dep/case (177; 26% instances), fr-dep/nmod (81; 12% instances), fr-dep/fixed (70; 10% instances), fr-dep/acl:relcl (51; 8% instances), fr-dep/acl (50; 7% instances), fr-dep/punct (40; 6% instances), fr-dep/det (34; 5% instances), fr-dep/advmod (24; 4% instances), fr-dep/cc (24; 4% instances), fr-dep/cop (21; 3% instances), fr-dep/conj (20; 3% instances), fr-dep/nsubj (18; 3% instances), fr-dep/amod (17; 3% instances), fr-dep/dep (9; 1% instances), fr-dep/mark (6; 1% instances), fr-dep/obj (6; 1% instances), fr-dep/appos (5; 1% instances), fr-dep/dislocated (5; 1% instances), fr-dep/expl (5; 1% instances), fr-dep/orphan (4; 1% instances), fr-dep/aux (2; 0% instances), fr-dep/nummod (2; 0% instances), fr-dep/obl (1; 0% instances)

Children of PRON nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: ADP (184; 27% instances), VERB (114; 17% instances), NOUN (92; 14% instances), PRON (54; 8% instances), PUNCT (46; 7% instances), ADJ (38; 6% instances), ADV (36; 5% instances), DET (32; 5% instances), CCONJ (24; 4% instances), AUX (23; 3% instances), PROPN (16; 2% instances), SCONJ (6; 1% instances), PART (5; 1% instances), NUM (2; 0% instances)


PRON in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]