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ADP: adposition

Definition

Russian has only prepositions but not postpositionsand and circumpositions. They occur before a complement noun phrase (noun, pronoun) and they form a single structure with the complement to express its grammatical and semantic relation to another unit within a clause.

Some prepositions take the form of fixed multiword expressions, e.g. по сравнению с “in comparison with”, в связи с “in connection with”. The component words are then still tagged according to their basic use (по is ADP, сравнению is NOUN, etc.) and their status as multiword expressions are accounted for in the syntactic annotation

Examples


Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian)

There are 105 ADP lemmas (1%), 107 ADP types (0%) and 9530 ADP tokens (11%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of ADP is: 7 in number of lemmas, 8 in number of types and 4 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADP lemmas: В, НА, С, ПО, ИЗ, К, ОТ, ЗА, ДЛЯ, ДО

The 10 most frequent ADP types: в, на, с, по, из, к, от, за, для, до

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: В (ADP 3601, NOUN 2, PROPN 1), С (ADP 841, NOUN 5, ADV 1, X 1), ПО (ADP 539, NOUN 2, PROPN 1, CCONJ 1), ПОСЛЕ (ADP 171, ADV 1), КАК (ADP 165, ADV 64, SCONJ 21, CCONJ 4), ПРИ (ADP 158, ADV 2, NOUN 1), О (ADP 151, ADV 2), ВО (ADP 126, ADV 2), У (ADP 117, ADV 1, PROPN 1), ПОД (ADP 83, ADV 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: с (ADP 741, NOUN 2, X 1), по (ADP 460, CCONJ 1), после (ADP 83, ADV 1), как (ADP 154, ADV 62, SCONJ 16, CCONJ 4), при (ADP 133, NOUN 1, ADV 1), у (ADP 97, ADV 1), под (ADP 77, ADV 1), об (ADP 26, NOUN 1), чем (ADP 22, SCONJ 4, PRON 2), типа (ADP 12, NOUN 9)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADP is 1.019048 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.576680).

The 1st highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “В”: Вв, в.

The 2nd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “НА”: на, нам.

The 3rd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “ПЕРЕД”: пе́ред, перед.

ADP does not occur with any features.

Relations

ADP nodes are attached to their parents using 22 different relations: ru-dep/case (9029; 95% instances), ru-dep/conj (232; 2% instances), ru-dep/goeswith (41; 0% instances), ru-dep/root (36; 0% instances), ru-dep/appos (32; 0% instances), ru-dep/fixed (31; 0% instances), ru-dep/orphan (31; 0% instances), ru-dep/obl (24; 0% instances), ru-dep/advmod (21; 0% instances), ru-dep/nmod (12; 0% instances), ru-dep/cc (11; 0% instances), ru-dep/parataxis (11; 0% instances), ru-dep/discourse (6; 0% instances), ru-dep/cc:preconj (4; 0% instances), ru-dep/ccomp (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/acl:relcl (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/advcl (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/iobj (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/list (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/nsubj (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/obj (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/punct (1; 0% instances)

Parents of ADP nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: NOUN (7493; 79% instances), PROPN (915; 10% instances), PRON (485; 5% instances), ADJ (133; 1% instances), VERB (108; 1% instances), ADV (106; 1% instances), PUNCT (75; 1% instances), NUM (62; 1% instances), ADP (52; 1% instances), ROOT (36; 0% instances), DET (29; 0% instances), SYM (26; 0% instances), SCONJ (9; 0% instances), CCONJ (1; 0% instances)

9116 (96%) ADP nodes are leaves.

63 (1%) ADP nodes have one child.

179 (2%) ADP nodes have two children.

172 (2%) ADP nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADP node is 12.

Children of ADP nodes are attached using 24 different relations: ru-dep/nmod (408; 39% instances), ru-dep/punct (305; 29% instances), ru-dep/cc (114; 11% instances), ru-dep/conj (38; 4% instances), ru-dep/fixed (38; 4% instances), ru-dep/goeswith (30; 3% instances), ru-dep/nsubj (25; 2% instances), ru-dep/case (24; 2% instances), ru-dep/orphan (22; 2% instances), ru-dep/advmod (15; 1% instances), ru-dep/cc:preconj (6; 1% instances), ru-dep/parataxis (5; 0% instances), ru-dep/advcl (3; 0% instances), ru-dep/det (3; 0% instances), ru-dep/mark (3; 0% instances), ru-dep/acl (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/amod (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/appos (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/ccomp (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/iobj (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/list (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/obj (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/acl:relcl (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/discourse (1; 0% instances)

Children of ADP nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: NOUN (385; 36% instances), PUNCT (321; 30% instances), CCONJ (114; 11% instances), ADP (52; 5% instances), ADV (49; 5% instances), ADJ (40; 4% instances), PROPN (28; 3% instances), PRON (23; 2% instances), VERB (17; 2% instances), DET (11; 1% instances), NUM (5; 0% instances), SCONJ (5; 0% instances), SYM (3; 0% instances), PART (2; 0% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian-SynTagRus)

There are 84 ADP lemmas (0%), 98 ADP types (0%) and 92553 ADP tokens (9%). Out of 18 observed tags, the rank of ADP is: 9 in number of lemmas, 10 in number of types and 5 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADP lemmas: в, на, с, по, к, из, о, для, от, за

The 10 most frequent ADP types: в, на, с, по, к, из, для, от, о, за

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: в (ADP 30036, PROPN 4), на (ADP 12829, VERB 3), с (ADP 8988, NOUN 4, PROPN 4), по (ADP 5626, PROPN 4, NOUN 1), о (ADP 3607, INTJ 11, PROPN 2, NOUN 2), у (ADP 2450, PROPN 2), до (ADP 1747, NOUN 2), после (ADP 1007, ADV 5), перед (ADP 378, NOUN 1), против (ADP 302, ADV 11)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: в (ADP 25592, NOUN 4), на (ADP 11888, VERB 3), с (ADP 7769, DET 3, NOUN 3), о (ADP 2681, INTJ 5, NOUN 1), до (ADP 1649, NOUN 2), после (ADP 780, ADV 5), против (ADP 294, ADV 11), про (ADP 177, X 1), прежде (ADP 147, ADV 50), вокруг (ADP 134, ADV 19)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADP is 1.166667 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.644632).

The 1st highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “о”: о, об, обо.

The 2nd highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “перед”: перед, передо, пред.

The 3rd highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “с”: c, с, со.

ADP does not occur with any features.

Relations

ADP nodes are attached to their parents using 13 different relations: ru-dep/case (90497; 98% instances), ru-dep/advmod (794; 1% instances), ru-dep/fixed (667; 1% instances), ru-dep/discourse (325; 0% instances), ru-dep/mark (179; 0% instances), ru-dep/cc (48; 0% instances), ru-dep/orphan (15; 0% instances), ru-dep/conj (11; 0% instances), ru-dep/root (10; 0% instances), ru-dep/appos (3; 0% instances), ru-dep/dep (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/amod (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/parataxis (1; 0% instances)

Parents of ADP nodes belong to 17 different parts of speech: NOUN (71546; 77% instances), PRON (9427; 10% instances), PROPN (6930; 7% instances), ADJ (1712; 2% instances), VERB (914; 1% instances), NUM (775; 1% instances), ADP (500; 1% instances), ADV (299; 0% instances), DET (268; 0% instances), _ (57; 0% instances), PART (43; 0% instances), PUNCT (32; 0% instances), X (26; 0% instances), ROOT (10; 0% instances), CCONJ (7; 0% instances), SCONJ (6; 0% instances), INTJ (1; 0% instances)

87639 (95%) ADP nodes are leaves.

4311 (5%) ADP nodes have one child.

430 (0%) ADP nodes have two children.

173 (0%) ADP nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADP node is 7.

Children of ADP nodes are attached using 32 different relations: ru-dep/fixed (3210; 55% instances), ru-dep/punct (1414; 24% instances), ru-dep/orphan (230; 4% instances), ru-dep/_ (199; 3% instances), ru-dep/nmod (145; 2% instances), ru-dep/advmod (86; 1% instances), ru-dep/obl (72; 1% instances), ru-dep/cc (70; 1% instances), ru-dep/amod (65; 1% instances), ru-dep/conj (64; 1% instances), ru-dep/nsubj (50; 1% instances), ru-dep/case (37; 1% instances), ru-dep/root (32; 1% instances), ru-dep/parataxis (25; 0% instances), ru-dep/nummod (23; 0% instances), ru-dep/advcl (15; 0% instances), ru-dep/mark (14; 0% instances), ru-dep/obj (11; 0% instances), ru-dep/cop (6; 0% instances), ru-dep/nsubj:pass (6; 0% instances), ru-dep/dep (5; 0% instances), ru-dep/acl:relcl (4; 0% instances), ru-dep/nummod:gov (4; 0% instances), ru-dep/flat (3; 0% instances), ru-dep/flat:foreign (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/iobj (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/xcomp (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/appos (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/aux (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/aux:pass (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/flat:name (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/obl:agent (1; 0% instances)

Children of ADP nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: NOUN (2776; 48% instances), PUNCT (1414; 24% instances), ADJ (416; 7% instances), PRON (285; 5% instances), DET (278; 5% instances), _ (199; 3% instances), PROPN (80; 1% instances), CCONJ (76; 1% instances), VERB (75; 1% instances), PART (51; 1% instances), ADV (49; 1% instances), ADP (41; 1% instances), NUM (37; 1% instances), SCONJ (20; 0% instances), AUX (3; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)


ADP in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]