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ADP: adposition

Definition

ADP for Japanese covers postpositional particles. It corresponds to particle (case) / 助詞-格助詞 and particle (binding) / 助詞-係助詞 in UniDic definition.

Note that some particles (助詞) in Japanese are classified to other Universal PoS classes, such as と (CCONJ), て (SCONJ) and ね (PART).

Examples


Treebank Statistics (UD_Japanese)

There are 63 ADP lemmas (0%), 79 ADP types (0%) and 38273 ADP tokens (22%). Out of 14 observed tags, the rank of ADP is: 8 in number of lemmas, 8 in number of types and 2 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADP lemmas: の, は, を, に, が, と, で, も, から, や

The 10 most frequent ADP types: の, は, を, に, が, と, で, も, から, や

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: の (ADP 7759, PART 1040), に (ADP 5055, PART 32), が (ADP 3888, SCONJ 700), と (ADP 2949, SCONJ 487), で (ADP 2582, CCONJ 8), から (ADP 927, SCONJ 53), など (ADP 524, ADV 4), より (ADP 98, ADV 1), くらい (ADP 21, NOUN 3), ずつ (ADP 10, NOUN 2)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: の (ADP 7759, PART 1039, AUX 67), に (ADP 5055, AUX 562, PART 32, SCONJ 16), が (ADP 3887, SCONJ 700), と (ADP 2937, SCONJ 487), で (ADP 2582, AUX 443, SCONJ 135, CCONJ 8, VERB 6), から (ADP 927, SCONJ 53), など (ADP 517, ADV 4), へ (ADP 230, VERB 3), より (ADP 98, VERB 18, ADV 1), くらい (ADP 21, NOUN 3)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADP is 1.253968 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.059217).

The 1st highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “と”: 、と, と, なんて.

The 2nd highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “など”: 、など, など, 等.

The 3rd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “が”: 、が, が.

ADP does not occur with any features.

Relations

ADP nodes are attached to their parents using 4 different relations: ja-dep/case (37599; 98% instances), ja-dep/cc (585; 2% instances), ja-dep/fixed (74; 0% instances), ja-dep/dep (15; 0% instances)

Parents of ADP nodes belong to 8 different parts of speech: NOUN (28561; 75% instances), PROPN (4069; 11% instances), VERB (2170; 6% instances), NUM (1997; 5% instances), PRON (974; 3% instances), ADJ (417; 1% instances), ADV (83; 0% instances), CCONJ (2; 0% instances)

38260 (100%) ADP nodes are leaves.

7 (0%) ADP nodes have one child.

5 (0%) ADP nodes have two children.

1 (0%) ADP nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADP node is 5.

Children of ADP nodes are attached using 4 different relations: ja-dep/punct (13; 59% instances), ja-dep/compound (5; 23% instances), ja-dep/acl (3; 14% instances), ja-dep/nummod (1; 5% instances)

Children of ADP nodes belong to 5 different parts of speech: PUNCT (13; 59% instances), SYM (5; 23% instances), ADJ (2; 9% instances), NUM (1; 5% instances), VERB (1; 5% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_Japanese-KTC)

There are 2 ADP lemmas (0%), 1 ADP types (6%) and 40132 ADP tokens (21%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of ADP is: 14 in number of lemmas, 2 in number of types and 2 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADP lemmas: _, の

The 10 most frequent ADP types: _

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: _ (NOUN 52356, ADP 40131, PUNCT 20670, AUX 7362, SCONJ 6334, NUM 6286, VERB 6156, ADJ 2302, PART 1887, CONJ 1517, PROPN 1293, ADV 1200, SYM 865, PRON 102, DET 68, INTJ 8), の (SCONJ 26, ADP 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: _ (NOUN 59392, ADP 40132, PUNCT 20670, AUX 20538, VERB 17383, NUM 7782, SCONJ 6539, PROPN 5774, ADJ 3509, CONJ 1977, ADV 1949, PART 1921, SYM 865, DET 751, PRON 744, INTJ 17)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADP is 0.500000 (the average of all parts of speech is 0.003541).

The 1st highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “_”: _.

The 2nd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “の”: _.

ADP does not occur with any features.

Relations

ADP nodes are attached to their parents using 4 different relations: ja-dep/case (38196; 95% instances), ja-dep/dep (1765; 4% instances), ja-dep/mark (166; 0% instances), ja-dep/nmod (5; 0% instances)

Parents of ADP nodes belong to 11 different parts of speech: NOUN (34462; 86% instances), VERB (2357; 6% instances), PROPN (1792; 4% instances), PRON (601; 1% instances), ADJ (363; 1% instances), ADV (231; 1% instances), NUM (145; 0% instances), ADP (90; 0% instances), CONJ (82; 0% instances), INTJ (8; 0% instances), AUX (1; 0% instances)

38944 (97%) ADP nodes are leaves.

533 (1%) ADP nodes have one child.

569 (1%) ADP nodes have two children.

86 (0%) ADP nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADP node is 3.

Children of ADP nodes are attached using 2 different relations: ja-dep/mwe (1839; 95% instances), ja-dep/dep (90; 5% instances)

Children of ADP nodes belong to 5 different parts of speech: VERB (1183; 61% instances), SCONJ (625; 32% instances), ADP (90; 5% instances), AUX (30; 2% instances), PART (1; 0% instances)


ADP in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]