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ADP: adposition

The English ADP covers the Penn Treebank RP, and a subset of uses of IN (when not a complementizer or subordinating conjunction) and TO (in old treebanks which used this for to even when used as a preposition).


Treebank Statistics (UD_English)

There are 129 ADP lemmas (1%), 131 ADP types (1%) and 19661 ADP tokens (9%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of ADP is: 8 in number of lemmas, 9 in number of types and 5 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADP lemmas: of, in, to, for, on, with, at, from, by, as

The 10 most frequent ADP types: of, in, to, for, on, with, at, from, by, as

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: of (ADP 3810, SCONJ 155, ADV 41, AUX 3, CCONJ 1), in (ADP 3247, ADV 126, SCONJ 91, NOUN 9, X 3, ADJ 1, VERB 1), to (PART 3616, ADP 1999, SCONJ 73, ADV 8, NOUN 2, VERB 1), for (ADP 1906, SCONJ 164, CCONJ 7, X 4, ADV 2), on (ADP 1310, SCONJ 67, ADV 56, ADJ 3, NOUN 2, X 1, NUM 1, PROPN 1), with (ADP 1280, SCONJ 77, ADV 3, X 2, AUX 1), at (ADP 785, ADV 101, SCONJ 17, CCONJ 1), from (ADP 700, SCONJ 44), by (ADP 632, SCONJ 65, ADV 9, VERB 1), as (ADP 436, SCONJ 390, ADV 218, AUX 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: of (ADP 3786, SCONJ 153, ADV 35, AUX 1, CCONJ 1), in (ADP 3025, ADV 125, SCONJ 89, NOUN 8, X 2, ADJ 1, VERB 1), to (PART 3572, ADP 1976, SCONJ 71, ADV 8, NOUN 2, VERB 1), for (ADP 1846, SCONJ 163, CCONJ 6, X 3, ADV 2), on (ADP 1249, SCONJ 66, ADV 54, ADJ 3, NOUN 2, X 1, NUM 1, PROPN 1), with (ADP 1247, SCONJ 67, ADV 3, X 2, AUX 1), at (ADP 736, ADV 90, SCONJ 17, CCONJ 1), from (ADP 667, SCONJ 41), by (ADP 591, SCONJ 63, ADV 8, VERB 1), as (ADP 390, SCONJ 339, ADV 206, AUX 1)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADP is 1.015504 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.181137).

The 1st highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “because”: because, becuse.

The 2nd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “due”: do, due.

The 3rd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “4”: 4.

ADP occurs with 1 features: en-feat/Number (1; 0% instances)

ADP occurs with 1 feature-value pairs: Number=Sing

ADP occurs with 2 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is _ (19660 tokens). Examples: of, in, to, for, on, with, at, from, by, as

Relations

ADP nodes are attached to their parents using 21 different relations: en-dep/case (18143; 92% instances), en-dep/compound:prt (802; 4% instances), en-dep/fixed (290; 1% instances), en-dep/obl (214; 1% instances), en-dep/mark (93; 0% instances), en-dep/advmod (30; 0% instances), en-dep/nmod (29; 0% instances), en-dep/compound (21; 0% instances), en-dep/acl:relcl (13; 0% instances), en-dep/conj (11; 0% instances), en-dep/cc (3; 0% instances), en-dep/acl (2; 0% instances), en-dep/reparandum (2; 0% instances), en-dep/aux (1; 0% instances), en-dep/ccomp (1; 0% instances), en-dep/csubj (1; 0% instances), en-dep/dep (1; 0% instances), en-dep/det (1; 0% instances), en-dep/nsubj (1; 0% instances), en-dep/obj (1; 0% instances), en-dep/xcomp (1; 0% instances)

Parents of ADP nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: NOUN (12544; 64% instances), PROPN (3518; 18% instances), PRON (1212; 6% instances), VERB (1108; 6% instances), NUM (416; 2% instances), ADJ (336; 2% instances), ADV (165; 1% instances), ADP (154; 1% instances), DET (96; 0% instances), SYM (68; 0% instances), X (38; 0% instances), CCONJ (2; 0% instances), INTJ (2; 0% instances), AUX (1; 0% instances), SCONJ (1; 0% instances)

19415 (99%) ADP nodes are leaves.

213 (1%) ADP nodes have one child.

22 (0%) ADP nodes have two children.

11 (0%) ADP nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADP node is 5.

Children of ADP nodes are attached using 23 different relations: en-dep/fixed (180; 61% instances), en-dep/cop (15; 5% instances), en-dep/nsubj (14; 5% instances), en-dep/cc (13; 4% instances), en-dep/conj (12; 4% instances), en-dep/punct (11; 4% instances), en-dep/advmod (10; 3% instances), en-dep/aux (5; 2% instances), en-dep/goeswith (5; 2% instances), en-dep/_ (4; 1% instances), en-dep/nmod (4; 1% instances), en-dep/case (3; 1% instances), en-dep/obl (3; 1% instances), en-dep/acl (2; 1% instances), en-dep/advcl (2; 1% instances), en-dep/mark (2; 1% instances), en-dep/orphan (2; 1% instances), en-dep/appos (1; 0% instances), en-dep/compound (1; 0% instances), en-dep/det (1; 0% instances), en-dep/discourse (1; 0% instances), en-dep/obj (1; 0% instances), en-dep/parataxis (1; 0% instances)

Children of ADP nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: ADP (146; 50% instances), NOUN (46; 16% instances), AUX (20; 7% instances), CCONJ (14; 5% instances), SCONJ (14; 5% instances), PUNCT (11; 4% instances), VERB (11; 4% instances), ADV (9; 3% instances), PRON (9; 3% instances), X (5; 2% instances), ADJ (2; 1% instances), PROPN (2; 1% instances), DET (1; 0% instances), INTJ (1; 0% instances), PART (1; 0% instances), SYM (1; 0% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_English-ESL)

There are 1 ADP lemmas (6%), 1 ADP types (6%) and 7769 ADP tokens (9%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of ADP is: 2 in number of lemmas, 2 in number of types and 6 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADP lemmas: _

The 10 most frequent ADP types: _

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: _ (NOUN 14135, VERB 13583, PRON 9575, DET 9068, PUNCT 8624, ADP 7769, ADJ 5278, ADV 5121, AUX 4111, PART 3169, CONJ 2865, SCONJ 2278, PROPN 1574, NUM 776, INTJ 67, X 60, SYM 37)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: _ (NOUN 14135, VERB 13583, PRON 9575, DET 9068, PUNCT 8624, ADP 7769, ADJ 5278, ADV 5121, AUX 4111, PART 3169, CONJ 2865, SCONJ 2278, PROPN 1574, NUM 776, INTJ 67, X 60, SYM 37)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADP is 1.000000 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.000000).

The 1st highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “_”: _.

ADP does not occur with any features.

Relations

ADP nodes are attached to their parents using 10 different relations: en-dep/case (7311; 94% instances), en-dep/mwe (193; 2% instances), en-dep/compound:prt (155; 2% instances), en-dep/nmod (63; 1% instances), en-dep/mark (32; 0% instances), en-dep/conj (9; 0% instances), en-dep/cc (2; 0% instances), en-dep/det (2; 0% instances), en-dep/dobj (1; 0% instances), en-dep/root (1; 0% instances)

Parents of ADP nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: NOUN (5497; 71% instances), PRON (802; 10% instances), PROPN (615; 8% instances), VERB (276; 4% instances), NUM (146; 2% instances), DET (139; 2% instances), ADP (96; 1% instances), ADV (95; 1% instances), ADJ (89; 1% instances), SYM (7; 0% instances), SCONJ (3; 0% instances), AUX (1; 0% instances), INTJ (1; 0% instances), ROOT (1; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)

7635 (98%) ADP nodes are leaves.

121 (2%) ADP nodes have one child.

12 (0%) ADP nodes have two children.

1 (0%) ADP nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADP node is 7.

Children of ADP nodes are attached using 17 different relations: en-dep/mwe (115; 76% instances), en-dep/advmod (7; 5% instances), en-dep/cc (7; 5% instances), en-dep/conj (6; 4% instances), en-dep/compound (2; 1% instances), en-dep/cop (2; 1% instances), en-dep/nsubj (2; 1% instances), en-dep/punct (2; 1% instances), en-dep/acl:relcl (1; 1% instances), en-dep/case (1; 1% instances), en-dep/compound:prt (1; 1% instances), en-dep/det (1; 1% instances), en-dep/neg (1; 1% instances), en-dep/nmod (1; 1% instances), en-dep/nmod:npmod (1; 1% instances), en-dep/nmod:tmod (1; 1% instances), en-dep/parataxis (1; 1% instances)

Children of ADP nodes belong to 8 different parts of speech: ADP (96; 63% instances), NOUN (31; 20% instances), ADV (7; 5% instances), CONJ (7; 5% instances), VERB (6; 4% instances), DET (2; 1% instances), PUNCT (2; 1% instances), PART (1; 1% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_English-LinES)

There are 1 ADP lemmas (6%), 70 ADP types (1%) and 6788 ADP tokens (10%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of ADP is: 2 in number of lemmas, 8 in number of types and 4 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADP lemmas: _

The 10 most frequent ADP types: of, in, to, for, on, with, at, from, by, as

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: _ (NOUN 12161, PUNCT 8085, VERB 8020, ADP 6788, DET 6429, PRON 6303, ADJ 4270, ADV 3700, AUX 3539, PROPN 2257, CCONJ 2081, PART 1703, SCONJ 1231, NUM 462, INTJ 122, X 41, SYM 5)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: of (ADP 1631, ADV 13), in (ADP 910, ADV 34, PART 3, ADJ 1), to (PART 901, ADP 685), for (ADP 424, SCONJ 12, ADV 5, CCONJ 1), on (ADP 397, ADV 45), with (ADP 387, SCONJ 2), at (ADP 274, ADV 32), by (ADP 220, ADV 3), as (ADP 170, SCONJ 152, ADV 60, CCONJ 8), like (ADP 121, VERB 37)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADP is 70.000000 (the average of all parts of speech is 527.705882).

The 1st highest number of forms (70) was observed with the lemma “_”: Besides, Notwithstanding, Thanks, about, above, according, across, after, against, ago, all, along, alongside, amidst, among, amongst, around, as, at, because, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, but, by, despite, down, due, during, except, for, from, in, inside, instead, into, like, near, next, of, off, on, onto, opposite, out, outside, over, past, regardless, round, since, than, through, throughout, till, to, toward, towards, under, until, up, upon, via, with, within, without.

ADP does not occur with any features.

Relations

ADP nodes are attached to their parents using 13 different relations: en-dep/case (6506; 96% instances), en-dep/fixed (94; 1% instances), en-dep/advmod (77; 1% instances), en-dep/mark (30; 0% instances), en-dep/obl (30; 0% instances), en-dep/acl (26; 0% instances), en-dep/compound:prt (7; 0% instances), en-dep/nmod (7; 0% instances), en-dep/amod (5; 0% instances), en-dep/conj (3; 0% instances), en-dep/ccomp (1; 0% instances), en-dep/flat (1; 0% instances), en-dep/root (1; 0% instances)

Parents of ADP nodes belong to 17 different parts of speech: NOUN (4948; 73% instances), PRON (601; 9% instances), PROPN (462; 7% instances), VERB (400; 6% instances), ADJ (114; 2% instances), ADP (88; 1% instances), NUM (73; 1% instances), ADV (54; 1% instances), AUX (21; 0% instances), CCONJ (9; 0% instances), DET (5; 0% instances), PART (5; 0% instances), INTJ (2; 0% instances), SYM (2; 0% instances), X (2; 0% instances), PUNCT (1; 0% instances), ROOT (1; 0% instances)

6417 (95%) ADP nodes are leaves.

326 (5%) ADP nodes have one child.

40 (1%) ADP nodes have two children.

5 (0%) ADP nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADP node is 6.

Children of ADP nodes are attached using 22 different relations: en-dep/punct (164; 38% instances), en-dep/fixed (105; 25% instances), en-dep/nmod (37; 9% instances), en-dep/advmod (33; 8% instances), en-dep/case (14; 3% instances), en-dep/advcl (11; 3% instances), en-dep/conj (11; 3% instances), en-dep/nsubj (11; 3% instances), en-dep/appos (9; 2% instances), en-dep/acl (4; 1% instances), en-dep/det (4; 1% instances), en-dep/obj (4; 1% instances), en-dep/amod (3; 1% instances), en-dep/aux (2; 0% instances), en-dep/cc (2; 0% instances), en-dep/compound (2; 0% instances), en-dep/cop (2; 0% instances), en-dep/mark (2; 0% instances), en-dep/nummod (2; 0% instances), en-dep/parataxis (2; 0% instances), en-dep/discourse (1; 0% instances), en-dep/vocative (1; 0% instances)

Children of ADP nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: PUNCT (164; 38% instances), ADP (88; 21% instances), NOUN (53; 12% instances), ADV (36; 8% instances), SCONJ (25; 6% instances), VERB (20; 5% instances), PRON (10; 2% instances), ADJ (8; 2% instances), PROPN (7; 2% instances), AUX (4; 1% instances), DET (4; 1% instances), CCONJ (2; 0% instances), INTJ (2; 0% instances), NUM (2; 0% instances), PART (1; 0% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_English-ParTUT)

There are 67 ADP lemmas (1%), 67 ADP types (1%) and 4543 ADP tokens (12%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of ADP is: 7 in number of lemmas, 8 in number of types and 2 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADP lemmas: of, in, to, for, on, by, as, with, from, at

The 10 most frequent ADP types: of, in, to, for, on, by, as, with, from, at

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: of (ADP 1291, ADV 8), in (ADP 784, SCONJ 1), to (PART 509, ADP 453, SCONJ 3), for (ADP 322, ADV 5, SCONJ 1), on (ADP 235, ADV 3, SCONJ 1), as (ADP 205, SCONJ 41, ADV 29, CCONJ 1), with (ADP 199, SCONJ 3), from (ADP 143, SCONJ 4), at (ADP 102, ADV 7), than (ADP 54, SCONJ 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: of (ADP 1286, ADV 3), in (ADP 669, SCONJ 1), to (PART 509, ADP 441, SCONJ 3), for (ADP 305, ADV 5, SCONJ 1), on (ADP 230, ADV 3, SCONJ 1), as (ADP 191, SCONJ 29, ADV 29, CCONJ 1), with (ADP 196, SCONJ 3), from (ADP 138, SCONJ 4), at (ADP 95, ADV 6), than (ADP 54, SCONJ 1)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADP is 1.000000 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.187751).

The 1st highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “’”: .

The 2nd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “about”: about.

The 3rd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “above”: above.

ADP does not occur with any features.

Relations

ADP nodes are attached to their parents using 12 different relations: en-dep/case (4165; 92% instances), en-dep/mark (157; 3% instances), en-dep/fixed (120; 3% instances), en-dep/compound:prt (56; 1% instances), en-dep/obl (19; 0% instances), en-dep/advmod (11; 0% instances), en-dep/conj (7; 0% instances), en-dep/nmod (3; 0% instances), en-dep/goeswith (2; 0% instances), en-dep/amod (1; 0% instances), en-dep/flat:name (1; 0% instances), en-dep/xcomp (1; 0% instances)

Parents of ADP nodes belong to 12 different parts of speech: NOUN (3362; 74% instances), PROPN (405; 9% instances), VERB (239; 5% instances), PRON (163; 4% instances), NUM (126; 3% instances), ADJ (80; 2% instances), ADP (71; 2% instances), ADV (40; 1% instances), SYM (22; 0% instances), X (17; 0% instances), SCONJ (10; 0% instances), DET (8; 0% instances)

4450 (98%) ADP nodes are leaves.

71 (2%) ADP nodes have one child.

19 (0%) ADP nodes have two children.

3 (0%) ADP nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADP node is 3.

Children of ADP nodes are attached using 4 different relations: en-dep/fixed (102; 86% instances), en-dep/cc (8; 7% instances), en-dep/conj (7; 6% instances), en-dep/punct (1; 1% instances)

Children of ADP nodes belong to 8 different parts of speech: ADP (71; 60% instances), NOUN (20; 17% instances), CCONJ (9; 8% instances), ADV (8; 7% instances), DET (5; 4% instances), SCONJ (3; 3% instances), ADJ (1; 1% instances), PUNCT (1; 1% instances)


ADP in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]