home cs/pos edit page issue tracker

This page pertains to UD version 2.

ADP: adposition

Definition

Czech has only prepositions but no postpositions or circumpositions. They occur before a complement noun phrase (noun, pronoun) and they form a single structure with the complement to express its grammatical and semantic relation to another unit within a clause.

Some prepositions take the form of fixed multiword expressions, e.g. na rozdíl od  “in contrast to”, v souvislosti s  “in connection with”. The component words are then still tagged according to their basic use (na  is ADP, rozdíl  is NOUN, etc.) and their status as multiword expressions are accounted for in the syntactic annotation.

Examples

References


Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech)

There are 112 ADP lemmas (0%), 131 ADP types (0%) and 129366 ADP tokens (10%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of ADP is: 7 in number of lemmas, 9 in number of types and 4 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADP lemmas: v, na, z, s, o, do, k, pro, za, po

The 10 most frequent ADP types: v, na, o, z, s, do, k, ve, pro, za

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: v (ADP 32167, NOUN 6, ADJ 1), z (ADP 10425, NOUN 17), s (ADP 9858, NOUN 45, PART 17, ADJ 1), o (ADP 9109, PUNCT 85, NOUN 10, ADJ 3, INTJ 2), do (ADP 6583, PROPN 9, NOUN 2, VERB 1), k (ADP 6332, NOUN 11), po (ADP 3401, NOUN 5), podle (ADP 3189, ADV 1), u (ADP 2150, NOUN 1), bez (ADP 1021, NOUN 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: v (ADP 23505, ADJ 3, NOUN 1), o (ADP 8538, ADJ 105, PUNCT 84, NOUN 4), z (ADP 7909, NOUN 18), s (ADP 7687, NOUN 329, PART 17, ADJ 8), do (ADP 6182, PROPN 9, NOUN 2), k (ADP 4921, NOUN 7, ADJ 1), po (ADP 2794, NOUN 5), podle (ADP 1926, ADV 1), při (ADP 1767, NOUN 1), se (PRON 18891, ADP 1691)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADP is 1.169643 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.162583).

The 1st highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “a”: a, ala, à.

The 2nd highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “k”: k, ke, ku.

The 3rd highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “nad”: n, nad, nade.

ADP occurs with 7 features: cs-feat/AdpType (129366; 100% instances), cs-feat/Case (128820; 100% instances), cs-feat/Foreign (524; 0% instances), cs-feat/NameType (61; 0% instances), cs-feat/Abbr (15; 0% instances), cs-feat/Style (5; 0% instances), cs-feat/Aspect (1; 0% instances)

ADP occurs with 20 feature-value pairs: Abbr=Yes, AdpType=Comprep, AdpType=Prep, AdpType=Voc, Aspect=Imp, Case=Acc, Case=Dat, Case=Gen, Case=Ins, Case=Loc, Case=Nom, Foreign=Yes, NameType=Com, NameType=Geo, NameType=Geo,Giv,Sur, NameType=Oth, NameType=Pro, NameType=Sur, Style=Coll, Style=Rare

ADP occurs with 32 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is AdpType=Prep|Case=Loc (44444 tokens). Examples: v, na, o, po, při, za

Relations

ADP nodes are attached to their parents using 14 different relations: cs-dep/case (127534; 99% instances), cs-dep/fixed (1295; 1% instances), cs-dep/flat:foreign (385; 0% instances), cs-dep/advmod (47; 0% instances), cs-dep/nmod (35; 0% instances), cs-dep/mark (29; 0% instances), cs-dep/conj (13; 0% instances), cs-dep/dep (10; 0% instances), cs-dep/root (10; 0% instances), cs-dep/flat (2; 0% instances), cs-dep/nsubj (2; 0% instances), cs-dep/obj (2; 0% instances), cs-dep/appos (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/orphan (1; 0% instances)

Parents of ADP nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: NOUN (100222; 77% instances), PROPN (14628; 11% instances), PRON (5466; 4% instances), DET (3929; 3% instances), NUM (1845; 1% instances), ADJ (1682; 1% instances), ADP (965; 1% instances), ADV (440; 0% instances), VERB (83; 0% instances), SYM (75; 0% instances), PART (19; 0% instances), ROOT (10; 0% instances), INTJ (1; 0% instances), SCONJ (1; 0% instances)

126998 (98%) ADP nodes are leaves.

1636 (1%) ADP nodes have one child.

725 (1%) ADP nodes have two children.

7 (0%) ADP nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADP node is 5.

Children of ADP nodes are attached using 15 different relations: cs-dep/fixed (3013; 97% instances), cs-dep/punct (37; 1% instances), cs-dep/flat:foreign (15; 0% instances), cs-dep/dep (10; 0% instances), cs-dep/cc (9; 0% instances), cs-dep/conj (9; 0% instances), cs-dep/nmod (8; 0% instances), cs-dep/obj (2; 0% instances), cs-dep/acl (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/advmod (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/advmod:emph (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/case (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/det (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/obl (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/orphan (1; 0% instances)

Children of ADP nodes belong to 10 different parts of speech: NOUN (2072; 67% instances), ADP (965; 31% instances), PUNCT (37; 1% instances), PROPN (11; 0% instances), ADJ (9; 0% instances), CCONJ (9; 0% instances), ADV (3; 0% instances), NUM (2; 0% instances), DET (1; 0% instances), VERB (1; 0% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CAC)

There are 69 ADP lemmas (0%), 77 ADP types (0%) and 47360 ADP tokens (10%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of ADP is: 6 in number of lemmas, 9 in number of types and 4 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADP lemmas: v, na, s, z, k, o, pro, do, za, při

The 10 most frequent ADP types: v, na, s, z, o, k, pro, do, ve, za

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: v (ADP 12513, NOUN 3), s (ADP 3748, PART 13), z (ADP 3624, NOUN 2), bez (ADP 343, NOUN 1), kolem (ADP 142, ADV 3), vedle (ADP 98, ADV 3), místo (NOUN 353, ADP 48, SCONJ 2), de (ADP 29, NOUN 1), a (CCONJ 15159, ADP 4), vstříc (ADV 4, ADP 4)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: v (ADP 9074, NOUN 3), na (ADP 6456, CCONJ 1), s (ADP 3046, PART 13), z (ADP 2782, NOUN 2), se (PRON 7555, ADP 589), kolem (ADP 132, ADV 3, NOUN 1), vzhledem (ADP 75, NOUN 4), pomocí (ADP 93, NOUN 17), vedle (ADP 69, ADV 3), během (ADP 49, NOUN 1)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADP is 1.115942 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.180683).

The 1st highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “k”: k, ke, ku.

The 2nd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “bez”: bez, beze.

The 3rd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “díky”: dík, díky.

ADP occurs with 4 features: cs-feat/AdpType (47360; 100% instances), cs-feat/Case (47218; 100% instances), cs-feat/Foreign (63; 0% instances), cs-feat/NameType (4; 0% instances)

ADP occurs with 13 feature-value pairs: AdpType=Comprep, AdpType=Prep, AdpType=Voc, Case=Acc, Case=Dat, Case=Gen, Case=Ins, Case=Loc, Case=Nom, Foreign=Yes, NameType=Com, NameType=Oth, NameType=Pro

ADP occurs with 21 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is AdpType=Prep|Case=Loc (17203 tokens). Examples: v, na, o, při, po

Relations

ADP nodes are attached to their parents using 11 different relations: cs-dep/case (46521; 98% instances), cs-dep/fixed (757; 2% instances), cs-dep/flat:foreign (36; 0% instances), cs-dep/nmod (17; 0% instances), cs-dep/advmod (8; 0% instances), cs-dep/mark (8; 0% instances), cs-dep/advmod:emph (4; 0% instances), cs-dep/conj (4; 0% instances), cs-dep/obj (3; 0% instances), cs-dep/dep (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/expl:pass (1; 0% instances)

Parents of ADP nodes belong to 13 different parts of speech: NOUN (39036; 82% instances), PROPN (2242; 5% instances), PRON (2161; 5% instances), DET (1418; 3% instances), SYM (607; 1% instances), NUM (569; 1% instances), ADJ (546; 1% instances), ADP (494; 1% instances), ADV (131; 0% instances), PART (129; 0% instances), VERB (20; 0% instances), SCONJ (6; 0% instances), CCONJ (1; 0% instances)

45909 (97%) ADP nodes are leaves.

1066 (2%) ADP nodes have one child.

384 (1%) ADP nodes have two children.

1 (0%) ADP nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADP node is 3.

Children of ADP nodes are attached using 12 different relations: cs-dep/fixed (1813; 99% instances), cs-dep/nmod (7; 0% instances), cs-dep/cc (3; 0% instances), cs-dep/conj (3; 0% instances), cs-dep/obl (3; 0% instances), cs-dep/punct (2; 0% instances), cs-dep/advmod (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/amod (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/case (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/det (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/flat:foreign (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/obj (1; 0% instances)

Children of ADP nodes belong to 10 different parts of speech: NOUN (1327; 72% instances), ADP (494; 27% instances), SYM (4; 0% instances), CCONJ (3; 0% instances), ADJ (2; 0% instances), PROPN (2; 0% instances), PUNCT (2; 0% instances), ADV (1; 0% instances), DET (1; 0% instances), PRON (1; 0% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CLTT)

There are 31 ADP lemmas (1%), 38 ADP types (1%) and 2812 ADP tokens (10%). Out of 15 observed tags, the rank of ADP is: 7 in number of lemmas, 9 in number of types and 3 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADP lemmas: v, na, k, o, podle, s, z, do, za, pro

The 10 most frequent ADP types: v, na, o, podle, k, s, do, z, za, ve

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: v (ADP 628, X 2), na (ADP 261, X 17), k (ADP 259, X 10), z (ADP 165, X 29), do (ADP 157, ADJ 6), za (ADP 123, X 20), při (ADP 92, X 5), od (ADP 62, ADJ 4), včetně (ADP 35, ADV 7), před (ADP 19, X 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: v (ADP 475, X 2), na (ADP 258, X 17), k (ADP 185, X 10), do (ADP 152, ADJ 6), z (ADP 138, X 29), za (ADP 110, X 20), ve (ADP 112, X 3), při (ADP 78, X 5), ke (ADP 71, X 4), od (ADP 48, ADJ 4)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADP is 1.225806 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.685169).

The 1st highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “bez”: bez, beze.

The 2nd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “k”: k, ke.

The 3rd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “od”: od, ode.

ADP occurs with 2 features: cs-feat/AdpType (2812; 100% instances), cs-feat/Case (2809; 100% instances)

ADP occurs with 8 feature-value pairs: AdpType=Comprep, AdpType=Prep, AdpType=Voc, Case=Acc, Case=Dat, Case=Gen, Case=Ins, Case=Loc

ADP occurs with 11 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is AdpType=Prep|Case=Loc (948 tokens). Examples: v, o, na, při, po

Relations

ADP nodes are attached to their parents using 6 different relations: cs-dep/case (2764; 98% instances), cs-dep/fixed (40; 1% instances), cs-dep/expl:pass (3; 0% instances), cs-dep/nmod (3; 0% instances), cs-dep/conj (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/mark (1; 0% instances)

Parents of ADP nodes belong to 9 different parts of speech: NOUN (2483; 88% instances), PRON (132; 5% instances), X (131; 5% instances), ADP (38; 1% instances), ADJ (16; 1% instances), ADV (5; 0% instances), VERB (4; 0% instances), NUM (2; 0% instances), SCONJ (1; 0% instances)

2628 (93%) ADP nodes are leaves.

148 (5%) ADP nodes have one child.

36 (1%) ADP nodes have two children.

The highest child degree of a ADP node is 2.

Children of ADP nodes are attached using 3 different relations: cs-dep/fixed (216; 98% instances), cs-dep/nmod (3; 1% instances), cs-dep/cc (1; 0% instances)

Children of ADP nodes belong to 4 different parts of speech: NOUN (180; 82% instances), ADP (38; 17% instances), CCONJ (1; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)


ADP in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]