ccomp: clausal complement
A clausal complement of a verb or adjective is a dependent clause which is a core argument. That is, it functions like an object of the verb, or adjective.
o PMDB vai procurar os presidentes
ccomp(vai, procurar)
Agora imagina que é chegado o momento.
ccomp(imagina, chegado)
Such clausal complements may be finite or nonfinite. However, if the subject of the clausal complement is controlled (that is, must be the same as the higher subject or object, with no other possible interpretation) the appropriate relation is xcomp.
The boss said to start digging
ccomp(said, start)
mark(start, to)
We started digging
xcomp(started, digging)
The key difference here is that, while it is possible to interpret the first
sentence to mean that the boss will not be doing any digging, in the second
sentence it is clear that the subject of digging can only be we. This is
what distinguishes ccomp and xcomp.
Additionally, ccomp is used with copulas.
The important thing is to keep calm.
ccomp(is, keep)
The problem is that this has never been tried .
ccomp(is, tried)
(In these cases, the copula is treated as a head. This is a somewhat inconsistent and ugly feature of the current UD. An alternative solution was adopted for this case in the Turku TDT. It may be worth considering adopting it in a revision of UD.)
Note: In earlier versions of SD/USD, complement clauses with nouns
like fact or report were also analyzed as ccomp. However, we
now analyze them as acl. Hence, ccomp does not appear in
nominals. This makes sense, since nominals normally do not take core
arguments.
Treebank Statistics (UD_Portuguese)
This relation is universal.
1493 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as ccomp.
1163 instances of ccomp (78%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 8.77494976557267.
The following 17 pairs of parts of speech are connected with ccomp: pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/VERB (1137; 76% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/ADJ (138; 9% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/NOUN (135; 9% instances), pt-pos/ADJ-pt-pos/VERB (23; 2% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/PRON (16; 1% instances), pt-pos/ADV-pt-pos/VERB (12; 1% instances), pt-pos/NOUN-pt-pos/VERB (10; 1% instances), pt-pos/NUM-pt-pos/VERB (5; 0% instances), pt-pos/PRON-pt-pos/VERB (3; 0% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/ADV (3; 0% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/SYM (3; 0% instances), pt-pos/DET-pt-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/NUM (2; 0% instances), pt-pos/CCONJ-pt-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), pt-pos/PROPN-pt-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/X (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 8 ccomp color:blue
1 O o DET <artd>|ART|M|S|@>N Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 2 det _ _
2 bombeiro bombeiro NOUN <np-def>|N|M|S|@SUBJ> Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _
3 suspeita suspeitar VERB <mv>|V|PR|3S|IND|@FS-STA Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
4 que que SCONJ KS|@SUB _ 8 mark _ _
5 o o DET <artd>|ART|M|S|@>N Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 6 det _ _
6 golfinho golfinho NOUN <np-def>|N|M|S|@SUBJ> Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _
7 tenha ter AUX <aux>|V|PR|3S|SUBJ|@FS-<ACC Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 aux _ _
8 morrido morrer VERB <mv>|<pc-subj>|V|PCP|@ICL-AUX< VerbForm=Part 3 ccomp _ _
9 afogado afogar VERB <mv>|V|PCP|M|S|@ICL-<ADVL Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part 8 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT PU|@PU _ 3 punct _ _
# visual-style 9 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 9 ccomp color:blue
1 Se se SCONJ KS|@SUB _ 2 mark _ _
2 reagir reagir VERB <mv>|V|FUT|3S|SUBJ|@FS-ADVL> Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin 4 advcl _ _
3 é ser AUX <mv>|V|PR|3S|IND|@FS-STA Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _
4 interessante interessante ADJ ADJ|M|S|@<SC Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
5 porque porque SCONJ KS|@SUB _ 6 mark _ _
6 mostrará mostrar VERB <mv>|V|FUT|3S|IND|@FS-<ADVL Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin 4 advcl _ _
7 que que SCONJ KS|@SUB _ 9 mark _ _
8 está estar AUX <mv>|V|PR|3S|IND|@FS-<ACC Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _
9 vivo vivo ADJ ADJ|M|S|@<SC Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT PU|@PU _ 4 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
11 » » PUNCT PU|@PU _ 4 punct _ _
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 3 ccomp color:blue
1 É ser AUX <mv>|V|PR|3S|IND|@FS-ACC> Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _
2 uma um DET <arti>|ART|F|S|@>N Definite=Ind|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 3 det _ _
3 situação situação NOUN <np-idf>|N|F|S|@<SC Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 ccomp _ _
4 absurda absurdo ADJ ADJ|F|S|@N< Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 amod _ SpaceAfter=No
5 » » PUNCT PU|@PU _ 7 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
6 , , PUNCT PU|@PU _ 3 punct _ _
7 disse dizer VERB <mv>|V|PS|3S|IND|@FS-STA Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
8 Taylor Taylor PROPN PROP|M|S|@<SUBJ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
9 , , PUNCT PU|@PU _ 10 punct _ _
10 49 49 NUM <card>|NUM|M|P|@N<PRED NumType=Card 8 appos _ SpaceAfter=No
11 . . PUNCT PU|@PU _ 7 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Portuguese-BR)
This relation is universal.
2135 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as ccomp.
1478 instances of ccomp (69%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 10.0088992974239.
The following 14 pairs of parts of speech are connected with ccomp: pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/VERB (1848; 87% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/NOUN (210; 10% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/PRON (44; 2% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/PROPN (9; 0% instances), pt-pos/NOUN-pt-pos/VERB (7; 0% instances), pt-pos/PRON-pt-pos/VERB (4; 0% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/AUX (3; 0% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/CCONJ (3; 0% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/ADP (2; 0% instances), pt-pos/ADP-pt-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), pt-pos/NOUN-pt-pos/CCONJ (1; 0% instances), pt-pos/NOUN-pt-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), pt-pos/PROPN-pt-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 10 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 10 fgColor:white
# visual-style 10 7 ccomp color:blue
1 O _ DET DET _ 2 det _ _
2 couro _ NOUN NOUN _ 7 nsubj _ _
3 de de ADP ADP _ 5 case _ _
4 o o DET DET Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 5 det _ _
5 peixe _ NOUN NOUN _ 2 nmod _ _
6 sempre _ ADV ADV _ 7 advmod _ _
7 rende _ VERB VERB _ 10 ccomp _ _
8 " _ PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
9 , _ PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _
10 conta _ VERB VERB _ 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
11 . _ PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 10 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 10 fgColor:white
# visual-style 10 7 ccomp color:blue
1 " _ PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
2 Eles _ PRON PRON _ 7 nsubj:pass _ _
3 não _ ADV ADV Polarity=Neg 7 advmod _ _
4 podem _ AUX AUX _ 7 aux _ _
5 ser _ AUX AUX _ 7 aux:pass _ _
6 considerados _ VERB VERB _ 7 cop _ _
7 marginais _ NOUN NOUN _ 10 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No
8 " _ PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
9 , _ PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _
10 disse _ VERB VERB _ 0 root _ _
11 ele _ PRON PRON _ 10 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
12 . _ PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 10 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 10 fgColor:white
# visual-style 10 4 ccomp color:blue
1 O _ DET DET _ 2 det _ _
2 grupo _ NOUN NOUN _ 4 nsubj _ _
3 é _ VERB VERB _ 4 cop _ _
4 esse _ PRON PRON _ 10 ccomp _ _
5 que _ PRON PRON _ 6 nsubj _ _
6 está _ VERB VERB _ 4 acl:relcl _ _
7 aqui _ ADV ADV _ 6 advmod _ _
8 " _ PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
9 , _ PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _
10 declarou _ VERB VERB _ 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
11 . _ PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _
ccomp in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]