iobj: indirect object
The indirect object of a verb is any nominal phrase that is a core argument of the verb, usually expressing the recipient, the addressee or beneficiary of the predicate:
Îi dau Marei un trandafir . \n Her give-I Mara-Dat a rose .
iobj(dau, Marei)
Acesta este un concurs deschis elevilor din clasele a patra. \n This is a contest opened pupils-to-the from grades the fourth .
iobj(deschis, elevilor)
Conjunctura nu -mi este favorabilă . \n Conjuncture-the not -me-to is favourable .
iobj(favorabilă, -mi)
We also analyse as iobj the [+Animate] object (the direct object in traditional grammar terms) of verbs with two Accusative objects, whereas the other object (the secondary object in traditional grammar terms) is obj:
Bunica i-a învățat pe copii o poezie . \n Grandmother-the them-has taught PE children a poem .
dobj(învățat, poezie)
iobj(învățat, copii)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Romanian)
This relation is universal.
1558 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as iobj.
891 instances of iobj (57%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.02952503209243.
The following 19 pairs of parts of speech are connected with iobj: ro-pos/VERB-ro-pos/PRON (647; 42% instances), ro-pos/VERB-ro-pos/NOUN (630; 40% instances), ro-pos/ADJ-ro-pos/NOUN (160; 10% instances), ro-pos/VERB-ro-pos/PROPN (54; 3% instances), ro-pos/ADJ-ro-pos/PRON (14; 1% instances), ro-pos/NOUN-ro-pos/NOUN (11; 1% instances), ro-pos/VERB-ro-pos/ADJ (11; 1% instances), ro-pos/NOUN-ro-pos/PRON (8; 1% instances), ro-pos/ADJ-ro-pos/ADJ (4; 0% instances), ro-pos/ADJ-ro-pos/PROPN (4; 0% instances), ro-pos/ADV-ro-pos/NOUN (3; 0% instances), ro-pos/ADV-ro-pos/PRON (2; 0% instances), ro-pos/AUX-ro-pos/PRON (2; 0% instances), ro-pos/PRON-ro-pos/PRON (2; 0% instances), ro-pos/VERB-ro-pos/CCONJ (2; 0% instances), ro-pos/ADJ-ro-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), ro-pos/ADJ-ro-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), ro-pos/VERB-ro-pos/DET (1; 0% instances), ro-pos/VERB-ro-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances).
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1 Sunt fi AUX Vmip3p Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 cop _ _
2 de de ADP Spsa AdpType=Prep|Case=Acc 0 root _ _
3 partea parte NOUN Ncfsry Case=Acc,Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 fixed _ _
4 ta tău DET Ds2fsrs Case=Acc,Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 3 det _ SpaceAfter=No
5 , , PUNCT COMMA _ 6 punct _ _
6 păruse părea VERB Vmil3s Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pqp|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _
7 a a PART Qn PartType=Inf 9 mark _ SpaceAfter=No
8 -i el PRON Pp3-sd--y-----w Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Strength=Weak|Variant=Short 9 iobj _ _
9 spune spune VERB Vmnp Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf 6 xcomp _ _
10 O'Brien O'Brien PROPN Np _ 6 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
11 . . PUNCT PERIOD _ 2 punct _ _
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1 „ „ PUNCT DBLQ _ 6 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
2 În în ADP Spsa AdpType=Prep|Case=Acc 3 case _ _
3 tinerețe tinerețe NOUN Ncfsrn Case=Acc,Nom|Definite=Ind|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 nmod:tmod _ SpaceAfter=No
4 , , PUNCT COMMA _ 3 punct _ _
5 am avea AUX Va--1 Person=1 6 aux _ _
6 aruncat arunca VERB Vmp--sm Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _
7 discuției discuție NOUN Ncfsoy Case=Dat,Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 iobj _ _
8 cuvântul cuvânt NOUN Ncmsry Case=Acc,Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obj _ _
9 de de ADP Spsa AdpType=Prep|Case=Acc 10 case _ _
10 lirism lirism NOUN Ncms-n Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _
11 absolut absolut ADV Rgp Degree=Pos 10 amod _ SpaceAfter=No
12 . . PUNCT PERIOD _ 6 punct _ _
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1 Istoricii istoric NOUN Ncmpry Case=Acc,Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _
2 au avea AUX Va--3p Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ _
3 diferite diferi VERB Vmp--pf Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part 4 amod _ _
4 teorii teorie NOUN Ncfp-n Definite=Ind|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 2 obj _ _
5 referitoare referitor ADJ Afpf--n Definite=Ind|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem 4 advcl _ _
6 la la ADP Spsa AdpType=Prep|Case=Acc 7 case _ _
7 originea origine NOUN Ncfsry Case=Acc,Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 iobj _ _
8 numelui nume NOUN Ncmsoy Case=Dat,Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _
9 Iași Iași PROPN Np _ 8 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT PERIOD _ 2 punct _ _
iobj in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fo] [fr] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]