iobj: indirect object
An indirect object is a nominal which corresponds to a dative object.
Il m' envoie une lettre . \n He sends me a letter .
iobj(envoie, m')
The iobjrelation is also used for pronouns in prononimal verbs which are indirect objects:
Il se parle tout haut. \n He speaks to himself out loud .
iobj(parle, se)
FrenchSpoken also uses the iobj relation for a nominal which corresponds to a dative objects i.e. a nominal that is a core argument of the verb but is not its subject or (direct) object.
Nous vous conseillons ce charmant petit restaurant. \n We recommend you this lovely restaurant.
iobj(conseillons, vous)
In some corpora of the French treebank, when the indirect object is realized with a preposition, it gets analyzed with the obl relation:
Il envoie la lettre à la présidente . \n He sends the letter to the president .
obl(envoie, présidente)
case(présidente, à)
However FrenchSpoken does not and uses an obl:comp relation instead:
Il envoie la lettre à la présidente . \n He sends the letter to the president .
obl:comp(envoie, présidente)
case(présidente, à)
Treebank Statistics (UD_French)
This relation is universal.
818 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as iobj.
813 instances of iobj (99%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.65158924205379.
The following 5 pairs of parts of speech are connected with iobj: fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/PRON (754; 92% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/PRON (37; 5% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/PRON (21; 3% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/PRON (5; 1% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances).
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# visual-style 3 2 iobj color:blue
1 Elle elle PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _
2 y y PRON _ _ 3 iobj _ _
3 incarnera incarner VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
4 la le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 5 det _ _
5 Poussette Poussette PROPN _ _ 3 obj _ _
6 de de ADP _ _ 7 case _ _
7 Manon Manon PROPN _ _ 5 nmod _ _
8 peu peu ADV _ _ 10 det _ _
9 de un DET _ Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 fixed _ _
10 temps temps NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obl _ _
11 après après ADV _ _ 10 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
12 . . PUNCT _ _ 3 punct _ _
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# visual-style 8 2 iobj color:blue
1 Il il PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _
2 en en PRON _ Person=3 8 iobj _ _
3 est être AUX _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _
4 de de ADP _ _ 5 case _ _
5 même même ADV _ _ 8 advmod _ _
6 pour pour ADP _ _ 8 case _ _
7 le le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 8 det _ _
8 master master NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
9 recherche recherche NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 compound _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT _ _ 8 punct _ _
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# visual-style 6 3 iobj color:blue
1 Le le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 2 det _ _
2 coût coût NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _
3 en en PRON _ Person=3 6 iobj _ _
4 est être AUX _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _
5 moins moins ADV _ _ 6 advmod _ _
6 difficile difficile ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
7 . . PUNCT _ _ 6 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_French-ParTUT)
This relation is universal.
54 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as iobj.
52 instances of iobj (96%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.2037037037037.
The following 3 pairs of parts of speech are connected with iobj: fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/PRON (52; 96% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/PRON (1; 2% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/NOUN (1; 2% instances).
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# visual-style 10 7 iobj color:blue
1 Moi moi PRON PE Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 10 dislocated _ _
2 non non ADV BN PronType=Neg 1 advmod _ _
3 plus plus ADV B _ 2 fixed _ SpaceAfter=No
4 , , PUNCT FF _ 1 punct _ _
5 vous vous PRON PE Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ _
6 ne ne PART PART Polarity=Neg 10 advmod _ _
7 m' me PRON P Person=1|PronType=Prs 10 iobj _ SpaceAfter=No
8 avez avoir AUX VA Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux _ _
9 pas pas ADV BN Polarity=Neg 10 advmod _ _
10 donné donner VERB V Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _
11 la le DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 12 det _ _
12 parole parole NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
13 . . PUNCT FS _ 10 punct _ _
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# visual-style 42 40 iobj color:blue
1 ( ( PUNCT FB _ 2 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
2 6 6 NUM N NumType=Card 5 nummod _ SpaceAfter=No
3 ) ) PUNCT FB _ 2 punct _ _
4 Il il PRON PE Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 expl _ _
5 convient convenir VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
6 d' de ADP E _ 7 mark _ SpaceAfter=No
7 établir établir VERB V VerbForm=Inf 5 csubj _ _
8 un un DET RI Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 9 det _ _
9 cadre cadre NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obj _ _
10 cohérent cohérent ADJ A Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 amod _ _
11 pour pour ADP E _ 13 case _ _
12 l' le DET RD Definite=Def|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 13 det _ SpaceAfter=No
13 application application NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 obl _ _
14 de de ADP E _ 16 case _ _
15 les le DET RD Definite=Def|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 16 det _ _
16 exigences exigence NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 13 nmod _ _
17 communautaires communautaire ADJ A Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 16 amod _ _
18 en en ADP E _ 19 case _ _
19 matière matière NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 nmod _ _
20 d' de ADP E _ 21 case _ SpaceAfter=No
21 écoconception écoconception NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 nmod _ _
22 applicables applicable ADJ A Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 16 amod _ _
23 à à ADP E _ 25 case _ _
24 les le DET RD Definite=Def|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 25 det _ _
25 produits produit NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 obl _ _
26 consommateurs consommateur NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 25 nmod _ _
27 d' de ADP E _ 28 case _ SpaceAfter=No
28 énergie énergie NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _
29 en en ADP E _ 32 mark _ _
30 vue vue NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 29 fixed _ _
31 d' de ADP E _ 29 fixed _ SpaceAfter=No
32 assurer assurer VERB V VerbForm=Inf 7 advcl _ _
33 la le DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 35 det _ _
34 libre libre ADJ A Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 35 amod _ _
35 circulation circulation NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 32 obj _ _
36 de de ADP E _ 38 case _ _
37 les le DET RD Definite=Def|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 38 det _ _
38 produits produit NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 35 nmod _ _
39 qui qui PRON PR PronType=Rel 42 nsubj _ _
40 y y PRON P PronType=Prs 42 iobj _ _
41 sont être AUX VA Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 42 cop _ _
42 conformes conforme ADJ A Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 38 acl:relcl _ _
43 et et CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _
44 d' de ADP E _ 45 mark _ SpaceAfter=No
45 améliorer améliorer VERB V VerbForm=Inf 32 conj _ _
46 leur leur DET AP Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs 47 nmod:poss _ _
47 impact impact NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 45 obj _ _
48 global global ADJ A Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 47 amod _ _
49 sur sur ADP E _ 51 case _ _
50 l' le DET RD Definite=Def|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 51 det _ SpaceAfter=No
51 environnement environnement NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 47 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
52 . . PUNCT FS _ 5 punct _ _
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# visual-style 9 11 iobj color:blue
1 À à ADP E _ 3 case _ _
2 l' le DET RD Definite=Def|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 3 det _ SpaceAfter=No
3 exception exception NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 27 obl _ _
4 de de ADP E _ 6 case _ _
5 les le DET RD Definite=Def|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 6 det _ _
6 fins fin NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 3 nmod _ _
7 limitées limiter VERB V Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 6 acl _ _
8 à à ADP E _ 9 mark _ _
9 informer informer VERB V VerbForm=Inf 7 xcomp _ _
10 le le DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 11 det _ _
11 public public NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 iobj _ _
12 que que SCONJ CS _ 16 mark _ _
13 l' le DET RD Definite=Def|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 14 det _ SpaceAfter=No
14 oeuvre oeuvre NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 nsubj:pass _ _
15 est être AUX VA Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 aux:pass _ _
16 mise mettre VERB V Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 9 ccomp _ _
17 à à ADP E _ 18 case _ _
18 disposition disposition NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 obl _ _
19 sous sous ADP E _ 20 case _ _
20 CPCC CPCC PROPN SP _ 16 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
21 , , PUNCT FF _ 3 punct _ _
22 aucune aucun PRON PI Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 27 nsubj _ _
23 de de ADP E _ 25 case _ _
24 les le DET RD Definite=Def|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 25 det _ _
25 parties partie NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 22 nmod _ _
26 n' ne PART PART Polarity=Neg 27 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
27 utilisera utiliser VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
28 la le DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 29 det _ _
29 marque marque NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 27 obj _ _
30 « « PUNCT FB _ 31 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
31 Creative Creative PROPN SP _ 29 nmod _ _
32 Commons Commons PROPN SP _ 31 flat:name _ SpaceAfter=No
33 » » PUNCT FB _ 31 punct _ _
34 ou ou CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _
35 toute tout DET T Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Tot 37 det _ _
36 autre autre DET DI Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 37 det _ _
37 indication indication NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 29 conj _ _
38 ou ou CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _
39 logo logo NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 37 conj _ _
40 afférent afférent ADJ A Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 39 amod _ _
41 sans sans ADP E _ 43 case _ _
42 le le DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 43 det _ _
43 consentement consentement NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 obl _ _
44 préalable préalable ADJ A Number=Sing 43 amod _ _
45 écrit écrit ADJ A Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 43 amod _ _
46 de de ADP E _ 47 case _ _
47 Creative Creative PROPN SP _ 43 nmod _ _
48 Commons Commons PROPN SP _ 47 flat:name _ SpaceAfter=No
49 . . PUNCT FS _ 27 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_French-Sequoia)
This relation is universal.
237 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as iobj.
167 instances of iobj (70%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 3.0042194092827.
The following 6 pairs of parts of speech are connected with iobj: fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/PRON (185; 78% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/PRON (16; 7% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/ADV (15; 6% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/ADP (11; 5% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/PRON (8; 3% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/NOUN (2; 1% instances).
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# visual-style 8 7 iobj color:blue
1 Le le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 2 det _ _
2 président président NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
3 Simon Simon PROPN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 flat:name _ _
4 : : PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ _
5 rien rien PRON _ Number=Sing|PronType=Rel 8 nsubj _ _
6 ne ne ADV _ _ 8 advmod _ _
7 lui lui PRON _ Number=Sing|Person=3 8 iobj _ _
8 échappe échapper VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 acl _ _
9 ! ! PUNCT _ _ 8 punct _ _
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# visual-style 12 9 iobj color:blue
1 D' de ADP _ _ 5 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
2 abord abord NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 fixed _ SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT _ _ 5 punct _ _
4 il il PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 nsubj _ _
5 arrive arriver VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
6 dans dans ADP _ _ 8 case _ _
7 un un DET _ Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 8 det _ _
8 pays pays NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obl _ _
9 où où PRON _ PronType=Rel 12 iobj _ _
10 tout tout PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel 12 nsubj _ _
11 est être AUX _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 cop _ _
12 blanc blanc ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 acl:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No
13 . . PUNCT _ _ 5 punct _ _
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# visual-style 7 4 iobj color:blue
1 Nul nul PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel 3 nsubj _ _
2 ne ne ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ _
3 sait savoir VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
4 où où ADV _ PronType=Int 7 iobj _ _
5 la le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 6 det _ _
6 piste piste NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _
7 conduisait conduire VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ _
8 ensuite ensuite ADV _ _ 7 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
9 . . PUNCT _ _ 3 punct _ _
iobj in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fo] [fr] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]