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iobj: indirect object

An indirect object is a nominal which corresponds to a dative object.

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input
    
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Il m' envoie une lettre . \n He sends me a letter .
iobj(envoie, m')
{
    "text": "Il m' envoie une lettre . \n He sends me a letter . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 6, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 13, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 17, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 24, 25 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 28, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 31, 36 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T10", "token", [ [ 37, 39 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T11", "token", [ [ 40, 41 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T12", "token", [ [ 42, 48 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T13", "token", [ [ 49, 50 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "iobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T2" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

The iobjrelation is also used for pronouns in prononimal verbs which are indirect objects:

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input
    
brat
    
info
  
Il se parle tout haut. \n He speaks to himself out loud .
iobj(parle, se)
{
    "text": "Il se parle tout haut. \n He speaks to himself out loud . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 6, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 12, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 17, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 25, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 28, 34 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 35, 37 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T10", "token", [ [ 38, 45 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T11", "token", [ [ 46, 49 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T12", "token", [ [ 50, 54 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T13", "token", [ [ 55, 56 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "iobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T2" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

FrenchSpoken also uses the iobj relation for a nominal which corresponds to a dative objects i.e. a nominal that is a core argument of the verb but is not its subject or (direct) object.

Nous vous conseillons ce charmant petit restaurant. \n We recommend you this lovely restaurant.
iobj(conseillons, vous)

In some corpora of the French treebank, when the indirect object is realized with a preposition, it gets analyzed with the obl relation:

Il envoie la lettre à la présidente . \n He sends the letter to the president .
obl(envoie, présidente)
case(présidente, à)

However FrenchSpoken does not and uses an obl:comp relation instead:

Il envoie la lettre à la présidente . \n He sends the letter to the president .
obl:comp(envoie, présidente)
case(présidente, à)

---

Treebank Statistics (UD_French)

This relation is universal.

818 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as iobj.

813 instances of iobj (99%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 1.65158924205379.

The following 5 pairs of parts of speech are connected with iobj: VERB-PRON (754; 92% instances), NOUN-PRON (37; 5% instances), ADJ-PRON (21; 3% instances), PRON-PRON (5; 1% instances), ADV-PRON (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 2 iobj	color:blue
1	Elle	elle	PRON	_	Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	y	y	PRON	_	_	3	iobj	_	_
3	incarnera	incarner	VERB	_	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	la	le	DET	_	Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Poussette	Poussette	PROPN	_	_	3	obj	_	_
6	de	de	ADP	_	_	7	case	_	_
7	Manon	Manon	PROPN	_	_	5	nmod	_	_
8	peu	peu	ADV	_	_	10	det	_	_
9	de	un	DET	_	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	fixed	_	_
10	temps	temps	NOUN	_	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
11	après	après	ADV	_	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	3	punct	_	_

# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 8	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8	fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 2 iobj	color:blue
1	Il	il	PRON	_	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
2	en	en	PRON	_	Person=3	8	iobj	_	_
3	est	être	AUX	_	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	de	de	ADP	_	_	5	case	_	_
5	même	même	ADV	_	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	pour	pour	ADP	_	_	8	case	_	_
7	le	le	DET	_	Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	master	master	NOUN	_	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	recherche	recherche	NOUN	_	Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	8	punct	_	_

# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 6	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6	fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 3 iobj	color:blue
1	Le	le	DET	_	Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	coût	coût	NOUN	_	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	en	en	PRON	_	Person=3	6	iobj	_	_
4	est	être	AUX	_	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	moins	moins	ADV	_	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	difficile	difficile	ADJ	_	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	6	punct	_	_

---

Treebank Statistics (UD_French-ParTUT)

This relation is universal.

54 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as iobj.

52 instances of iobj (96%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 1.2037037037037.

The following 3 pairs of parts of speech are connected with iobj: VERB-PRON (52; 96% instances), ADJ-PRON (1; 2% instances), VERB-NOUN (1; 2% instances).

# visual-style 7	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7	fgColor:white
# visual-style 10	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 10	fgColor:white
# visual-style 10 7 iobj	color:blue
1	Moi	moi	PRON	PE	Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	dislocated	_	_
2	non	non	ADV	BN	PronType=Neg	1	advmod	_	_
3	plus	plus	ADV	B	_	2	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	FF	_	1	punct	_	_
5	vous	vous	PRON	PE	Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
6	ne	ne	PART	PART	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
7	m'	me	PRON	P	Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	avez	avoir	AUX	VA	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	pas	pas	ADV	BN	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	donné	donner	VERB	V	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
11	la	le	DET	RD	Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	parole	parole	NOUN	S	Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	FS	_	10	punct	_	_

# visual-style 40	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 42	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 42	fgColor:white
# visual-style 42 40 iobj	color:blue
1	(	(	PUNCT	FB	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	6	6	NUM	N	NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	FB	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Il	il	PRON	PE	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	expl	_	_
5	convient	convenir	VERB	V	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	d'	de	ADP	E	_	7	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	établir	établir	VERB	V	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
8	un	un	DET	RI	Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cadre	cadre	NOUN	S	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	cohérent	cohérent	ADJ	A	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	9	amod	_	_
11	pour	pour	ADP	E	_	13	case	_	_
12	l'	le	DET	RD	Definite=Def|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	13	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	application	application	NOUN	S	Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
14	de	de	ADP	E	_	16	case	_	_
15	les	le	DET	RD	Definite=Def|Number=Plur|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	exigences	exigence	NOUN	S	Gender=Fem|Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
17	communautaires	communautaire	ADJ	A	Gender=Fem|Number=Plur	16	amod	_	_
18	en	en	ADP	E	_	19	case	_	_
19	matière	matière	NOUN	S	Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
20	d'	de	ADP	E	_	21	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	écoconception	écoconception	NOUN	S	Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	applicables	applicable	ADJ	A	Gender=Fem|Number=Plur	16	amod	_	_
23	à	à	ADP	E	_	25	case	_	_
24	les	le	DET	RD	Definite=Def|Number=Plur|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	produits	produit	NOUN	S	Gender=Masc|Number=Plur	22	obl	_	_
26	consommateurs	consommateur	NOUN	S	Gender=Masc|Number=Plur	25	nmod	_	_
27	d'	de	ADP	E	_	28	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	énergie	énergie	NOUN	S	Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
29	en	en	ADP	E	_	32	mark	_	_
30	vue	vue	NOUN	S	Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	29	fixed	_	_
31	d'	de	ADP	E	_	29	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	assurer	assurer	VERB	V	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
33	la	le	DET	RD	Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
34	libre	libre	ADJ	A	Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	35	amod	_	_
35	circulation	circulation	NOUN	S	Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	32	obj	_	_
36	de	de	ADP	E	_	38	case	_	_
37	les	le	DET	RD	Definite=Def|Number=Plur|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	produits	produit	NOUN	S	Gender=Masc|Number=Plur	35	nmod	_	_
39	qui	qui	PRON	PR	PronType=Rel	42	nsubj	_	_
40	y	y	PRON	P	PronType=Prs	42	iobj	_	_
41	sont	être	AUX	VA	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	42	cop	_	_
42	conformes	conforme	ADJ	A	Gender=Fem|Number=Plur	38	acl:relcl	_	_
43	et	et	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
44	d'	de	ADP	E	_	45	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	améliorer	améliorer	VERB	V	VerbForm=Inf	32	conj	_	_
46	leur	leur	DET	AP	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs	47	nmod:poss	_	_
47	impact	impact	NOUN	S	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	45	obj	_	_
48	global	global	ADJ	A	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	47	amod	_	_
49	sur	sur	ADP	E	_	51	case	_	_
50	l'	le	DET	RD	Definite=Def|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	51	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	environnement	environnement	NOUN	S	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	47	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	.	.	PUNCT	FS	_	5	punct	_	_

# visual-style 11	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 11	fgColor:white
# visual-style 9	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 9 11 iobj	color:blue
1	À	à	ADP	E	_	3	case	_	_
2	l'	le	DET	RD	Definite=Def|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	3	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	exception	exception	NOUN	S	Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
4	de	de	ADP	E	_	6	case	_	_
5	les	le	DET	RD	Definite=Def|Number=Plur|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	fins	fin	NOUN	S	Gender=Fem|Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	limitées	limiter	VERB	V	Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	acl	_	_
8	à	à	ADP	E	_	9	mark	_	_
9	informer	informer	VERB	V	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	le	le	DET	RD	Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	public	public	NOUN	S	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	9	iobj	_	_
12	que	que	SCONJ	CS	_	16	mark	_	_
13	l'	le	DET	RD	Definite=Def|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	14	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	oeuvre	oeuvre	NOUN	S	Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	est	être	AUX	VA	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	mise	mettre	VERB	V	Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	ccomp	_	_
17	à	à	ADP	E	_	18	case	_	_
18	disposition	disposition	NOUN	S	Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
19	sous	sous	ADP	E	_	20	case	_	_
20	CPCC	CPCC	PROPN	SP	_	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	FF	_	3	punct	_	_
22	aucune	aucun	PRON	PI	Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	27	nsubj	_	_
23	de	de	ADP	E	_	25	case	_	_
24	les	le	DET	RD	Definite=Def|Number=Plur|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	parties	partie	NOUN	S	Gender=Fem|Number=Plur	22	nmod	_	_
26	n'	ne	PART	PART	Polarity=Neg	27	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	utilisera	utiliser	VERB	V	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
28	la	le	DET	RD	Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	marque	marque	NOUN	S	Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
30	«	«	PUNCT	FB	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	Creative	Creative	PROPN	SP	_	29	nmod	_	_
32	Commons	Commons	PROPN	SP	_	31	flat:name	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	»	»	PUNCT	FB	_	31	punct	_	_
34	ou	ou	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
35	toute	tout	DET	T	Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	37	det	_	_
36	autre	autre	DET	DI	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	37	det	_	_
37	indication	indication	NOUN	S	Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	29	conj	_	_
38	ou	ou	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
39	logo	logo	NOUN	S	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	37	conj	_	_
40	afférent	afférent	ADJ	A	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	39	amod	_	_
41	sans	sans	ADP	E	_	43	case	_	_
42	le	le	DET	RD	Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	consentement	consentement	NOUN	S	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
44	préalable	préalable	ADJ	A	Number=Sing	43	amod	_	_
45	écrit	écrit	ADJ	A	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	43	amod	_	_
46	de	de	ADP	E	_	47	case	_	_
47	Creative	Creative	PROPN	SP	_	43	nmod	_	_
48	Commons	Commons	PROPN	SP	_	47	flat:name	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	.	.	PUNCT	FS	_	27	punct	_	_

---

Treebank Statistics (UD_French-Sequoia)

This relation is universal.

237 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as iobj.

167 instances of iobj (70%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 3.0042194092827.

The following 6 pairs of parts of speech are connected with iobj: VERB-PRON (185; 78% instances), ADJ-PRON (16; 7% instances), VERB-ADV (15; 6% instances), VERB-ADP (11; 5% instances), NOUN-PRON (8; 3% instances), VERB-NOUN (2; 1% instances).

# visual-style 7	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7	fgColor:white
# visual-style 8	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8	fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 7 iobj	color:blue
1	Le	le	DET	_	Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	président	président	NOUN	_	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Simon	Simon	PROPN	_	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	2	flat:name	_	_
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	_	2	punct	_	_
5	rien	rien	PRON	_	Number=Sing|PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
6	ne	ne	ADV	_	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	lui	lui	PRON	_	Number=Sing|Person=3	8	iobj	_	_
8	échappe	échapper	VERB	_	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl	_	_
9	!	!	PUNCT	_	_	8	punct	_	_

# visual-style 9	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9	fgColor:white
# visual-style 12	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 12	fgColor:white
# visual-style 12 9 iobj	color:blue
1	D'	de	ADP	_	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	abord	abord	NOUN	_	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	1	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	5	punct	_	_
4	il	il	PRON	_	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3	5	nsubj	_	_
5	arrive	arriver	VERB	_	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	dans	dans	ADP	_	_	8	case	_	_
7	un	un	DET	_	Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	pays	pays	NOUN	_	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	où	où	PRON	_	PronType=Rel	12	iobj	_	_
10	tout	tout	PRON	_	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
11	est	être	AUX	_	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	blanc	blanc	ADJ	_	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	8	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	5	punct	_	_

# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 7	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7	fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 4 iobj	color:blue
1	Nul	nul	PRON	_	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
2	ne	ne	ADV	_	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	sait	savoir	VERB	_	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	où	où	ADV	_	PronType=Int	7	iobj	_	_
5	la	le	DET	_	Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	piste	piste	NOUN	_	Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	conduisait	conduire	VERB	_	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
8	ensuite	ensuite	ADV	_	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	3	punct	_	_

---

iobj in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fo] [fr] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]

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