iobj: indirect object
The indirect object of a (verbal) predicate is the nominal which is the dative
object of the verb. The relation iobj is used for objects that are not direct
objects. It occurs only when there is a obj or ccomp in the clause.
She gave me a raise
iobj(gave, me)
Note that prepositional phrases are not considered core arguments in English, hence in she gave it to me, the to me part is attached as nmod although semantically it corresponds to the dative.
Treebank Statistics (UD_English)
This relation is universal.
423 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as iobj.
423 instances of iobj (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.16784869976359.
The following 6 pairs of parts of speech are connected with iobj: en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PRON (354; 84% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/NOUN (43; 10% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PROPN (23; 5% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/DET (1; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances).
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# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 7 iobj color:blue
1 Catriona Catriona PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _
2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _
3 well well ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _
4 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _
5 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 aux _ _
6 landed land VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 conj _ _
7 herself herself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 6 iobj _ _
8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _
9 pretty pretty ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _
10 cool cool ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _
11 job job NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _
12 in in ADP IN _ 13 case _ _
13 PR pr NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
14 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _
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# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 6 iobj color:blue
1 Why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 5 advmod _ _
2 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ SpaceAfter=No
3 n't not PART RB _ 5 advmod _ _
4 Craig Craig PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _
5 show show VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _
6 Ma ma NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 iobj _ _
7 his he PRON PRP$ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ _
8 appartment appartment NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
9 ? ? PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _
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# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 7 iobj color:blue
1 Is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _
2 that that DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 3 det _ _
3 Microwave microwave NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _
4 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 6 obj _ _
5 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _
6 gave give VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 acl:relcl _ _
7 Dan Dan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 iobj _ _
8 really really ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _
9 expensive expensive ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
10 ? ? PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_English-ESL)
This relation is universal.
180 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as iobj.
177 instances of iobj (98%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.08333333333333.
The following 4 pairs of parts of speech are connected with iobj: en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PRON (164; 91% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/NOUN (13; 7% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PROPN (2; 1% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/PRON (1; 1% instances).
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# visual-style 23 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 23 fgColor:white
# visual-style 23 24 iobj color:blue
1 _ _ ADP IN _ 3 case _ _
2 _ _ DET DT _ 3 det _ _
3 _ _ NOUN NN _ 6 nmod _ _
4 _ _ PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _
5 _ _ PRON PRP _ 6 nsubj _ _
6 _ _ VERB VBD _ 0 root _ _
7 _ _ ADP IN _ 8 case _ _
8 _ _ NOUN NN _ 6 nmod _ _
9 _ _ ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _
10 _ _ PUNCT -LRB- _ 11 punct _ _
11 _ _ CONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _
12 _ _ NOUN NN _ 8 conj _ _
13 _ _ ADP IN _ 16 case _ _
14 _ _ DET PRP$ _ 16 nmod:poss _ _
15 _ _ ADJ JJ _ 16 amod _ _
16 _ _ NOUN NN _ 12 nmod _ _
17 _ _ PUNCT -RRB- _ 12 punct _ _
18 _ _ PUNCT : _ 6 punct _ _
19 _ _ AUX VBP _ 21 aux _ _
20 _ _ PRON PRP _ 21 nsubj _ _
21 _ _ VERB VB _ 6 parataxis _ _
22 _ _ PRON NN _ 23 nsubj _ _
23 _ _ VERB VBP _ 21 ccomp _ _
24 _ _ PRON PRP _ 23 iobj _ _
25 _ _ ADP RP _ 23 compound:prt _ _
26 _ _ PRON NN _ 23 dobj _ _
27 _ _ PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _
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# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 4 iobj color:blue
1 _ _ AUX MD _ 3 aux _ _
2 _ _ PRON PRP _ 3 nsubj _ _
3 _ _ VERB VB _ 0 root _ _
4 _ _ NOUN NN _ 3 iobj _ _
5 _ _ DET DT _ 6 det _ _
6 _ _ NOUN NN _ 3 dobj _ _
7 _ _ ADP RP _ 3 compound:prt _ _
8 _ _ VERB VBG _ 3 advcl _ _
9 _ _ PRON WP _ 10 nsubj _ _
10 _ _ VERB VBD _ 8 ccomp _ _
11 _ _ ADP IN _ 12 case _ _
12 _ _ PRON PRP _ 10 nmod _ _
13 _ _ ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _
14 _ _ PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _
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# visual-style 17 fgColor:white
# visual-style 16 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 16 fgColor:white
# visual-style 16 17 iobj color:blue
1 _ _ ADP IN _ 3 case _ _
2 _ _ DET DT _ 3 det _ _
3 _ _ NOUN NN _ 11 nmod _ _
4 _ _ SCONJ IN _ 6 mark _ _
5 _ _ PRON PRP _ 6 nsubj _ _
6 _ _ VERB VBD _ 3 acl:relcl _ _
7 _ _ PART TO _ 8 mark _ _
8 _ _ VERB VB _ 6 xcomp _ _
9 _ _ PRON NN _ 8 dobj _ _
10 _ _ PRON PRP _ 11 nsubj _ _
11 _ _ VERB VBD _ 0 root _ _
12 _ _ PRON PRP _ 14 expl _ _
13 _ _ VERB VBD _ 14 cop _ _
14 _ _ ADJ JJ _ 11 ccomp _ _
15 _ _ PART TO _ 16 mark _ _
16 _ _ VERB VB _ 14 csubj _ _
17 _ _ PROPN NNP _ 16 iobj _ _
18 _ _ DET DT _ 19 det _ _
19 _ _ NOUN NN _ 16 dobj _ _
20 _ _ PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_English-LinES)
This relation is universal.
58 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as iobj.
54 instances of iobj (93%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.36206896551724.
The following 3 pairs of parts of speech are connected with iobj: en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PRON (39; 67% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/NOUN (15; 26% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PROPN (4; 7% instances).
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# visual-style 10 fgColor:white
# visual-style 9 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9 fgColor:white
# visual-style 9 10 iobj color:blue
1 Once _ ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ _
2 again _ ADV _ _ 9 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
3 , _ PUNCT Comma _ 2 punct _ _
4 however _ ADV _ _ 9 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
5 , _ PUNCT Comma _ 4 punct _ _
6 Stillman _ PROPN SG _ 8 amod _ SpaceAfter=No
7 's _ PART GEN _ 6 case _ _
8 face _ NOUN SG-NOM _ 9 nsubj _ _
9 told _ VERB PAST _ 0 root _ _
10 him _ PRON PERS-P3SG-ACC _ 9 iobj _ _
11 nothing _ PRON NEG-SG _ 9 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
12 . _ PUNCT Period _ 9 punct _ _
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# visual-style 9 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 9 iobj color:blue
1 Quinn _ PROPN SG-NOM _ 2 nsubj _ _
2 reached _ VERB PAST _ 0 root _ _
3 into _ ADP _ _ 5 case _ _
4 his _ PRON P3SG-GEN _ 5 nmod:poss _ _
5 pocket _ NOUN SG-NOM _ 2 obl _ _
6 and _ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ _
7 gave _ VERB PAST _ 2 conj _ _
8 the _ DET DEF _ 9 det _ _
9 man _ NOUN SG-NOM _ 7 iobj _ _
10 a _ DET IND-SG _ 11 det _ _
11 dollar _ NOUN SG-NOM _ 7 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
12 . _ PUNCT Period _ 2 punct _ _
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# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 8 iobj color:blue
1 I _ PRON PERS-P1SG-NOM _ 3 nsubj _ _
2 hardly _ ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ _
3 know _ VERB INF _ 0 root _ _
4 myself _ PRON RFL-P1SG _ 3 dislocated _ SpaceAfter=No
5 . _ PUNCT Period _ 3 punct _ _
6 Quinn _ PROPN SG-NOM _ 7 nsubj _ _
7 gave _ VERB PAST _ 3 conj _ _
8 Auster _ PROPN SG-NOM _ 7 iobj _ _
9 an _ DET IND-SG _ 11 det _ _
10 honest _ ADJ POS _ 11 amod _ _
11 look _ NOUN SG-NOM _ 7 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
12 . _ PUNCT Period _ 7 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_English-ParTUT)
This relation is universal.
26 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as iobj.
26 instances of iobj (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.46153846153846.
The following 4 pairs of parts of speech are connected with iobj: en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PRON (17; 65% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/NOUN (7; 27% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/DET (1; 4% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PROPN (1; 4% instances).
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# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 3 iobj color:blue
1 This this PRON PD Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 2 nsubj _ _
2 gives give VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
3 them they PRON PE Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 iobj _ _
4 a a DET RI Definite=Ind|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 6 det _ _
5 competitive competitive ADJ A Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _
6 edge edge NOUN S Number=Sing 2 obj _ _
7 for for ADP E _ 10 case _ _
8 the the DET RD Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _
9 interim interim ADJ A Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _
10 period period NOUN S Number=Sing 2 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
11 . . PUNCT FS _ 2 punct _ _
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# visual-style 10 fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 10 iobj color:blue
1 " " PUNCT FB _ 4 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
2 Balzac Balzac PROPN SP _ 4 nsubj _ _
3 often often ADV B _ 4 advmod _ _
4 fell fall VERB V Mood=Ind|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
5 ill ill ADJ A Degree=Pos 4 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No
6 , , PUNCT FF _ 4 punct _ _
7 finally finally ADV B _ 8 advmod _ _
8 causing cause VERB V VerbForm=Ger 4 advcl _ _
9 the the DET RD Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _
10 headmaster headmaster NOUN S Number=Sing 8 iobj _ _
11 to to PART PART _ 12 mark _ _
12 contact contact VERB V VerbForm=Inf 8 xcomp _ _
13 his his DET AP Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ _
14 family family NOUN S Number=Sing 12 obj _ _
15 with with ADP E _ 16 case _ _
16 news news NOUN S Number=Sing 12 obl _ _
17 of of ADP E _ 20 case _ _
18 a a DET RI Definite=Ind|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 20 det _ _
19 " " PUNCT FB _ 20 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
20 sort sort NOUN S Number=Sing 16 nmod _ _
21 of of ADP E _ 23 case _ _
22 a a DET RI Definite=Ind|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 23 det _ _
23 coma coma NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
24 " " PUNCT FB _ 20 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
25 . . PUNCT FS _ 4 punct _ _
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# visual-style 18 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 18 fgColor:white
# visual-style 18 20 iobj color:blue
1 Londoners Londoners PROPN SP _ 2 nsubj _ _
2 flocked flock VERB V Mood=Ind|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
3 there there ADV B _ 2 advmod _ _
4 to to PART PART _ 5 mark _ _
5 see see VERB V VerbForm=Inf 2 advcl _ _
6 the the DET RD Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _
7 first first ADJ NO Degree=Pos|NumType=Ord 8 amod _ _
8 part part NOUN S Number=Sing 5 obj _ _
9 of of ADP E _ 10 case _ _
10 Henry Henry PROPN SP _ 8 nmod _ _
11 IV fourth ADJ NO Degree=Pos|NumType=Ord 10 flat _ SpaceAfter=No
12 , , PUNCT FF _ 2 punct _ _
13 Leonard Leonard PROPN SP _ 15 nsubj _ _
14 Digges Digges PROPN SP _ 13 flat:name _ _
15 recording record VERB V VerbForm=Ger 2 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No
16 , , PUNCT FF _ 15 punct _ _
17 " " PUNCT FB _ 18 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
18 Let let VERB V Mood=Imp|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 parataxis _ _
19 but but ADV B _ 20 case _ _
20 Falstaff Falstaff PROPN SP _ 18 iobj _ _
21 come come VERB V VerbForm=Inf 18 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No
22 , , PUNCT FF _ 23 punct _ _
23 Hal Hal PROPN SP _ 20 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
24 , , PUNCT FF _ 25 punct _ _
25 Poins Poins PROPN SP _ 20 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
26 , , PUNCT FF _ 28 punct _ _
27 the the DET RD Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _
28 rest rest NOUN S Number=Sing 20 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
29 ... . PUNCT FF _ 18 punct _ _
30 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _
31 you you PRON PE Person=2|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj _ _
32 scarce scarce ADV B _ 34 advmod _ _
33 shall shall AUX VM Mood=Ind|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 aux _ _
34 have have VERB V VerbForm=Inf 18 conj _ _
35 a a DET RI Definite=Ind|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 36 det _ _
36 room room NOUN S Number=Sing 34 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
37 " " PUNCT FB _ 18 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
38 . . PUNCT FS _ 2 punct _ _
iobj in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fo] [fr] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]