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VERB: verb

#####Definition A verb is a member of the syntactic class of words that typically signal events and actions, can constitute a minimal predicate in a clause, and govern the number and types of other constituents which may occur in the clause. Note that the VERB tag covers main verbs (content verbs) and copulas but it does not cover auxiliary verbs, for which there is the AUX tag.

In Norwegian, modal verbs occurring alone, as in skal hjem lit. shall home “will go home” are tagged as VERB, but otherwise they will be AUX. Participles are annotated as verbs when they occur with auxiliaries ha “have”, få “get” or a modal auxiliary. When the participle occurs with the copula or bli “become” or follows a head noun, the participle may be either adjective or verb (for syntactic tests to determine these cases, see Kinn et. al.).

#####Examples

• løpe “run”, løper “runs”, løp “ran”, (har) løpt “(has) run”
• spise “eat”, spiser “eats”, spiste “ate”, (har) spist “(has) eaten”

#####References Kari Kinn, Per Erik Solberg and Pål Kristian Eriksen. “NDT Guidelines for Morphological Annotation”. National Library Tech Report.

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Norwegian-Bokmaal)

There are 1980 VERB lemmas (9%), 4257 VERB types (13%) and 30022 VERB tokens (11%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of VERB is: 4 in number of lemmas, 4 in number of types and 4 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent VERB lemmas: ha, si, bli, få, komme, gjøre, være, ta, gå, se

The 10 most frequent VERB types: har, sier, er, blir, kommer, går, ha, få, bli, ta

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: ha (AUX 2564, VERB 1617, X 1), si (VERB 1236, ADJ 3), bli (AUX 983, VERB 928), få (VERB 839, AUX 230, ADJ 87), komme (VERB 710, ADJ 8), gjøre (VERB 700, ADJ 2), være (AUX 7334, VERB 685, ADJ 1), ta (VERB 680, ADJ 2, X 1), gå (VERB 659, ADJ 3), se (VERB 620, ADJ 7)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: har (AUX 1999, VERB 994), er (AUX 5005, VERB 450, X 4, DET 2), blir (VERB 307, AUX 201, X 2), går (VERB 269, NOUN 52), ha (VERB 260, AUX 194, X 1), få (VERB 254, AUX 74, ADJ 62), bli (VERB 250, AUX 144), ta (VERB 235, X 1), får (VERB 230, AUX 80), ble (AUX 514, VERB 228)

• har
  • AUX 1999: Dette uaktet at også han selv har underskrevet dommen .
  • VERB 994: Meddommerens utspill har en selvfølgelig smitteeffekt .
• er
  • AUX 5005: Thomassen er på vei til sin neste gjerning .
  • VERB 450: Hillary Clinton er for tiden på en reise til flere land i Afrika .
  • X 4: « Jeg spørger kun , mit Kald er ej at svare . »
  • DET 2: ( Og mens vi snakker om sponsing - i morra kommer det er skikkelig sponsa innlegg !
• blir
  • VERB 307: Det blir mer forsettlig .
  • AUX 201: Det er alltid så vanskelig når man går på puben og blir fristet .
  • X 2: - Åh , no blir eg varm i håvve !
• går
  • VERB 269: Her går de to journalistene om bord i Clintons fly
  • NOUN 52: Da de to møttes i NRK i går kveld , var tonen mer saklig .
• ha
  • VERB 260: - Å , ja , takk skal du ha da , pappa , takk , sier han med et smil .
  • AUX 194: Starten kunne ha vært bedre .
  • X 1: Itj bruk tid på å ha på dåkk klea , ell bærg brølløpsbildan .
• få
  • VERB 254: Som vi spør , vil vi også få svar .
  • AUX 74: Røykerne burde få være i fred på pubene i Irland .
  • ADJ 62: Det varte bare noen få år .
• bli
  • VERB 250: Dessuten vil gjestene bli aggressive og sure .
  • AUX 144: Ingen liker å bli gjort narr av - selvsagt ikke .
• ta
  • VERB 235: Du skulle jo snart ta lappen .
  • X 1: Ni kan ta taxi till oranienstrasse 34 .
• får
  • VERB 230: Og får øye på trekakene hun serverte .
  • AUX 80: Det får holde , tenker jeg .
• ble
  • AUX 514: Hun syntes også dårlig om at “ nasjonalsymbolet vårt ble misbrukt “ .
  • VERB 228: Det ble rene ord :

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of VERB is 2.150000 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.383513).

The 1st highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “fortelle”: Fortell, Fotelle, fortalt, fortalte, fortelle, forteller, fortelles.

The 2nd highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “kalle”: Kall, kalle, kaller, kalles, kallet, kalt, kalte.

The 3rd highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “lage”: laga, lagd, lagde, lage, lager, lages, laget.

VERB occurs with 7 features: no-feat/VerbForm (30022; 100% instances), no-feat/Mood (17436; 58% instances), no-feat/Tense (17225; 57% instances), no-feat/Voice (1047; 3% instances), no-feat/Abbr (19; 0% instances), no-feat/Definite (1; 0% instances), no-feat/Number (1; 0% instances)

VERB occurs with 11 feature-value pairs: Abbr=Yes, Definite=Ind, Mood=Imp, Mood=Ind, Number=Sing, Tense=Past, Tense=Pres, VerbForm=Fin, VerbForm=Inf, VerbForm=Part, Voice=Pass

VERB occurs with 10 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin (11813 tokens). Examples: har, sier, er, blir, kommer, går, mener, får, ser, gjør

Relations

VERB nodes are attached to their parents using 17 different relations: no-dep/root (12363; 41% instances), no-dep/advcl (4329; 14% instances), no-dep/conj (3721; 12% instances), no-dep/acl:relcl (3442; 11% instances), no-dep/ccomp (1539; 5% instances), no-dep/acl (1234; 4% instances), no-dep/xcomp (1180; 4% instances), no-dep/parataxis (1117; 4% instances), no-dep/csubj (833; 3% instances), no-dep/appos (126; 0% instances), no-dep/nmod (62; 0% instances), no-dep/orphan (33; 0% instances), no-dep/flat:name (13; 0% instances), no-dep/goeswith (13; 0% instances), no-dep/compound (9; 0% instances), no-dep/csubj:pass (7; 0% instances), no-dep/iobj (1; 0% instances)

Parents of VERB nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: ROOT (12363; 41% instances), VERB (9812; 33% instances), NOUN (4304; 14% instances), ADJ (1814; 6% instances), PRON (803; 3% instances), ADV (398; 1% instances), PROPN (315; 1% instances), DET (79; 0% instances), ADP (68; 0% instances), NUM (35; 0% instances), X (12; 0% instances), AUX (11; 0% instances), INTJ (7; 0% instances), CCONJ (1; 0% instances)

106 (0%) VERB nodes are leaves.

1905 (6%) VERB nodes have one child.

3740 (12%) VERB nodes have two children.

24271 (81%) VERB nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a VERB node is 14.

Children of VERB nodes are attached using 32 different relations: no-dep/nsubj (20865; 18% instances), no-dep/punct (18578; 16% instances), no-dep/obl (13843; 12% instances), no-dep/obj (12392; 10% instances), no-dep/mark (11495; 10% instances), no-dep/advmod (9016; 8% instances), no-dep/aux (7296; 6% instances), no-dep/cc (3746; 3% instances), no-dep/conj (3570; 3% instances), no-dep/xcomp (3433; 3% instances), no-dep/advcl (3407; 3% instances), no-dep/compound:prt (2308; 2% instances), no-dep/ccomp (2005; 2% instances), no-dep/expl (1683; 1% instances), no-dep/nsubj:pass (1665; 1% instances), no-dep/aux:pass (983; 1% instances), no-dep/parataxis (855; 1% instances), no-dep/iobj (634; 1% instances), no-dep/cop (336; 0% instances), no-dep/csubj (252; 0% instances), no-dep/case (243; 0% instances), no-dep/dislocated (104; 0% instances), no-dep/nmod (104; 0% instances), no-dep/discourse (72; 0% instances), no-dep/appos (43; 0% instances), no-dep/goeswith (38; 0% instances), no-dep/orphan (28; 0% instances), no-dep/nummod (15; 0% instances), no-dep/flat:name (9; 0% instances), no-dep/csubj:pass (7; 0% instances), no-dep/acl (1; 0% instances), no-dep/compound (1; 0% instances)

Children of VERB nodes belong to 17 different parts of speech: NOUN (28487; 24% instances), PUNCT (18578; 16% instances), PRON (16918; 14% instances), VERB (9812; 8% instances), AUX (8615; 7% instances), ADV (6377; 5% instances), PROPN (6126; 5% instances), ADP (5620; 5% instances), ADJ (5247; 4% instances), SCONJ (4817; 4% instances), CCONJ (3749; 3% instances), PART (3736; 3% instances), NUM (479; 0% instances), DET (374; 0% instances), INTJ (72; 0% instances), X (19; 0% instances), SYM (1; 0% instances)

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Norwegian-Nynorsk)

There are 1686 VERB lemmas (7%), 3729 VERB types (12%) and 26992 VERB tokens (10%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of VERB is: 4 in number of lemmas, 4 in number of types and 4 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent VERB lemmas: ha, seie, få, verte, vere, kome, gå, gjere, ta, sjå

The 10 most frequent VERB types: har, seier, vart, er, få, kjem, ha, meiner, får, går

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: ha (AUX 2500, VERB 1633, INTJ 4, ADJ 1, X 1), seie (VERB 1205, ADJ 20), få (VERB 1098, AUX 230, ADJ 84, X 1), verte (VERB 936, ADJ 8), vere (AUX 7084, VERB 783, ADJ 2), kome (VERB 764, ADJ 40), gå (VERB 756, ADJ 4, X 2), gjere (VERB 667, ADJ 54), ta (VERB 606, ADJ 51, ADP 1), sjå (VERB 604, ADJ 30)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: har (AUX 2006, VERB 974, X 6, SCONJ 1), vart (VERB 519, ADJ 1, AUX 1), er (AUX 4799, VERB 507, X 12, NOUN 1), få (VERB 341, AUX 77, ADJ 55, X 1), ha (VERB 310, AUX 187, INTJ 4, PRON 2, X 1), får (VERB 304, AUX 77, X 1), går (VERB 280, NOUN 22, X 2), blir (AUX 311, VERB 268), fekk (VERB 270, AUX 53), ta (VERB 243, ADP 1)

• har
  • AUX 2006: I dag har eg fylt dei med steikt kyllingkjøtdeig .
  • VERB 974: Men har ikkje du brødbakemaskin , tenker du kanskje .
  • X 6: « Jeg har alltid lurt på hvem som vasker for vaskehjelpen » , seier statsråden .
  • SCONJ 1: Ein annen modell har også har blitt forkasta , er ein modell med lokalmedisinsk senter i Indre Sogn , eit sentralsjukehus og Nordfjord sjukehus .
• vart
  • VERB 519: Og kom representantar for makta på døra , vart dei betalte under bordet .
  • ADJ 1: Melodien til denne og dei seksten andre songane har Ragnar Bjerkreim komponert akkurat så vart og intimt som det høver seg til slike tekster som du mest kan pusta bort .
  • AUX 1: Det vart halde eit intimt møte der statsråden fekk innsyn i Kviteseid kommune si næring , særskilt innan reiseliv , og frustrasjon over dårleg vegstandard .
• er
  • AUX 4799: Kyllingkjøtdeig er ofte på tilbod , og er proteinrik og god mat .
  • VERB 507: Jaudå , eg har det , og den vert brukt rett som det er .
  • X 12: Det problemet får en ikke løst så lenge vi er utenfor EU . »
  • NOUN 1: Vidare blir det mest dramatiske ofte dempa av påfølgande scen er som er nesten komisk kvardagslege i forhold - i « Den nifse natta ! » ber Annika Ralle om å kjenne under genseren hennar i ei av dei nærast påfølgande rutene etter at mor er sendt på sjukehus og far til politistasjonen .
• få
  • VERB 341: Grove brød er sunt , men små barn bør ikkje få for grovt brød .
  • AUX 77: Det er så feil som det kan få blitt .
  • ADJ 55: Har få opplysningar
  • X 1: « Han ropte på oss , og sa han hadde en båt som skulle få oss i sikkerhet .
• ha
  • VERB 310: Varm opp steikepanna , og ha i smør .
  • AUX 187: Vimsete mann kan ha kosta 1 million kroner
  • INTJ 4: - Eg stupa fram og blunda , ha , ha .
  • PRON 2: I år skal ha stå aleine på scena .
  • X 1: Viktige aspekter ved dette er at Språkrådet må ha hele samfunnet som operasjonsfelt , og at det skal legges opp til samarbeid med aktuelle aktører over et bredt spekter , dessuten at observasjon og analyse må utgjøre en basis for arbeidet . »
• får
  • VERB 304: Det får eg når eg bakar brødet i former .
  • AUX 77: Det er noko israelarar får røyne heile tida .
  • X 1: Det problemet får en ikke løst så lenge vi er utenfor EU . »
• går
  • VERB 280: Det einaste eg styrer unna er mugg , elles går alt i brøda .
  • NOUN 22: Eg var på bibeltime i går , på Misjonshuset .
  • X 2: ” Når en ung mann går gjennom storsalen på et kveldsmøte , er det som å dorge i en makrellstim . “
• blir
  • AUX 311: Saka blir følgt opp
  • VERB 268: Etter 31. mars blir det full fart i Gats-prosessen .
• fekk
  • VERB 270: Men han fekk ikkje gehør i partiet sitt .
  • AUX 53: Men eit vitne fekk notert registreringsnummera på dei to bilane .
• ta
  • VERB 243: Kor seriøst skal ein ta alle ekstremitetane til Eminem ?
  • ADP 1: No var det godt du kom heim att , kjæring , eg er heilt hårlause i raua ta all dinnja ballen .

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of VERB is 2.211744 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.343969).

The 1st highest number of forms (10) was observed with the lemma “følgje”: følg, følgd, følgde, følge, følgja, følgjast, følgje, følgjer, følgt, følgte.

The 2nd highest number of forms (10) was observed with the lemma “la”: Lat, la, lar, late, latt, let, lot, lèt, lét, lête.

The 3rd highest number of forms (10) was observed with the lemma “seie”: sa, sagt, seg, segja, sei, seia, seiast, seie, seier, sier.

VERB occurs with 7 features: no-feat/VerbForm (26992; 100% instances), no-feat/Mood (16696; 62% instances), no-feat/Tense (16435; 61% instances), no-feat/Abbr (34; 0% instances), no-feat/Definite (3; 0% instances), no-feat/Number (3; 0% instances), no-feat/Gender (2; 0% instances)

VERB occurs with 11 feature-value pairs: Abbr=Yes, Definite=Ind, Gender=Neut, Mood=Imp, Mood=Ind, Number=Sing, Tense=Past, Tense=Pres, VerbForm=Fin, VerbForm=Inf, VerbForm=Part

VERB occurs with 8 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin (11401 tokens). Examples: har, seier, er, kjem, meiner, får, går, blir, vert, ser

Relations

VERB nodes are attached to their parents using 21 different relations: no-dep/root (9908; 37% instances), no-dep/advcl (3987; 15% instances), no-dep/conj (3301; 12% instances), no-dep/acl:relcl (3050; 11% instances), no-dep/parataxis (1395; 5% instances), no-dep/ccomp (1350; 5% instances), no-dep/acl (1303; 5% instances), no-dep/xcomp (1008; 4% instances), no-dep/csubj (835; 3% instances), no-dep/aux:pass (560; 2% instances), no-dep/appos (157; 1% instances), no-dep/nmod (57; 0% instances), no-dep/flat:name (34; 0% instances), no-dep/orphan (18; 0% instances), no-dep/goeswith (10; 0% instances), no-dep/advmod (5; 0% instances), no-dep/iobj (5; 0% instances), no-dep/amod (3; 0% instances), no-dep/csubj:pass (3; 0% instances), no-dep/compound (2; 0% instances), no-dep/obl (1; 0% instances)

Parents of VERB nodes belong to 13 different parts of speech: ROOT (9908; 37% instances), VERB (8546; 32% instances), NOUN (4151; 15% instances), ADJ (2727; 10% instances), PRON (760; 3% instances), ADV (454; 2% instances), PROPN (214; 1% instances), ADP (92; 0% instances), DET (78; 0% instances), NUM (34; 0% instances), X (17; 0% instances), INTJ (8; 0% instances), AUX (3; 0% instances)

666 (2%) VERB nodes are leaves.

1750 (6%) VERB nodes have one child.

3314 (12%) VERB nodes have two children.

21262 (79%) VERB nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a VERB node is 14.

Children of VERB nodes are attached using 31 different relations: no-dep/nsubj (19872; 19% instances), no-dep/punct (15553; 15% instances), no-dep/obj (11831; 11% instances), no-dep/obl (11635; 11% instances), no-dep/mark (10993; 10% instances), no-dep/advmod (7799; 7% instances), no-dep/aux (6227; 6% instances), no-dep/cc (3529; 3% instances), no-dep/conj (3211; 3% instances), no-dep/xcomp (3117; 3% instances), no-dep/advcl (2927; 3% instances), no-dep/compound:prt (2585; 2% instances), no-dep/ccomp (1749; 2% instances), no-dep/expl (1667; 2% instances), no-dep/parataxis (944; 1% instances), no-dep/iobj (617; 1% instances), no-dep/cop (342; 0% instances), no-dep/csubj (255; 0% instances), no-dep/case (209; 0% instances), no-dep/nmod (151; 0% instances), no-dep/discourse (88; 0% instances), no-dep/dislocated (79; 0% instances), no-dep/appos (58; 0% instances), no-dep/nummod (26; 0% instances), no-dep/goeswith (25; 0% instances), no-dep/orphan (12; 0% instances), no-dep/acl (3; 0% instances), no-dep/aux:pass (2; 0% instances), no-dep/flat:name (2; 0% instances), no-dep/compound (1; 0% instances), no-dep/nsubj:pass (1; 0% instances)

Children of VERB nodes belong to 17 different parts of speech: NOUN (27207; 26% instances), PUNCT (15553; 15% instances), PRON (14487; 14% instances), VERB (8546; 8% instances), AUX (6571; 6% instances), ADP (5873; 6% instances), ADV (5394; 5% instances), ADJ (5155; 5% instances), SCONJ (4423; 4% instances), PROPN (4180; 4% instances), PART (3634; 3% instances), CCONJ (3531; 3% instances), NUM (435; 0% instances), DET (396; 0% instances), INTJ (93; 0% instances), X (31; 0% instances), SYM (1; 0% instances)

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VERB in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]

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