VERB: verb
A verb is a member of the syntactic class of words that typically signal events and actions, can constitute a minimal predicate in a clause, and govern the number and types of other constituents which may occur in the clause.
The tag VERB is reserved for full lexical verbs, while auxiliary verbs are tagged [AUX]. In Basque, there are two types of main verbs:
- Complete: verbs with aspect, tense, and agreement features
- Incomplete: verbs with aspect and tense features (future tense)
Examples
- Complete: daramat “(I) carry (it)”, dakarkio “(he) brings(present-tense) (it) (to him)”
- Incomplete: ekarri du(AUX) “carry him-it-present-tense(AUX)”,
Treebank Statistics (UD_Basque)
There are 940 VERB lemmas (9%), 3351 VERB types (15%) and 15275 VERB tokens (16%).
Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of VERB is: 4 in number of lemmas, 3 in number of types and 3 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent VERB lemmas: izan, egin, ukan, egon, esan, eman, jokatu, hartu, joan, lortu
The 10 most frequent VERB types: egin, izan, esan, egiten, du, izango, eman, da, dago, joan
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: izan (AUX 4475, VERB 1271), ukan (VERB 1026, AUX 125), egon (VERB 653, AUX 200), esan (VERB 340, NOUN 7), irabazi (VERB 183, NOUN 6), sartu (VERB 157, AUX 1), jakin (VERB 132, ADJ 8), eduki (VERB 124, NOUN 5), hil (VERB 118, NOUN 18), sortu (VERB 113, AUX 1)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: izan (VERB 392, AUX 326), du (AUX 671, VERB 174), izango (VERB 172, AUX 129), da (AUX 1180, VERB 161), dago (VERB 121, AUX 37), irabazi (VERB 100, NOUN 2), hil (VERB 99, NOUN 1), dute (AUX 338, VERB 92), egiteko (VERB 82, NOUN 2), dela (AUX 150, VERB 69)
- izan
- du
- izango
- da
- dago
- irabazi
- hil
- dute
- egiteko
- dela
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of VERB is 3.564894 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.106285).
The 1st highest number of forms (145) was observed with the lemma “ukan”: badiote, baditinagu, baditinat, baditu, badituela, badituen, baditugu, baditut, badituzu, badu, baduala, badudala, baduela, baduen, badugu, badut, badute, badutela, baduzu, baikenuen, bailuen, baitio, baititu, baitituzte, baitu, baitute, baituzu, baitzituen, baitzuen, baitzuten, banitu, banuela, banuen, bazituzten, bazuen, bazuten, diagu, die, diegu, diela, dietela, digute, dik, din, dinagu, dinat, dio, diogu, diola, dion, diot, diote, diotela, diotelako, dioten, ditik, ditu, ditudanean, dituela, dituelako, dituen, dituena, ditugu, ditugula, ditugun, dituk, ditut, dituzte, dituztela, dituztelarik, dituzten, dituztenak, dituztenei, dituzu, dituzue, dizkiot, dizkiote, dizuet, du, dudalako, dudan, dudana, dudanean, duela, duelako, duen, duena, duenean, duenez, dugu, dugula, dugulako, dugun, duk, dun, dut, dute, dutela, dutelako, duten, dutenak, dutenean, duzu, duzue, gaituen, genituen, genuela, genuelako, genuen, genuke, hiola, luke, naun, nauzu, niken, ninan, ninduela, nion, nuela, nuen, nuke, nukeen, ukaiteko, ukan, ukanen, zaitut, zian, zion, zituela, zituelarik, zituen, zituenean, zituztela, zituzten, zizkion, zuela, zuelako, zuen, zuena, zuenean, zuenez, zunan, zutela, zutelako, zuten.
The 2nd highest number of forms (87) was observed with the lemma “izan”: arizan, bada, badela, badira, badirela, bagara, bagina, bailitzan, baita, baitira, baitzen, balitz, bazara, bazela, bazen, da, dela, delako, delakoan, den, denean, denez, dira, direla, direlakoan, diren, direna, direnean, direnez, gara, garela, garenean, garenez, ginen, ginenekotik, izan, izana, izanak, izanaren, izanaz, izanda, izandako, izanen, izanez, izango, izanik, izatea, izateak, izateari, izateaz, izateko, izatekotan, izaten, izatera, izatetik, litzateke, litzatekeelako, naiz, nintzela, nintzelarik, zaie, zaigu, zaio, zaiola, zaion, zait, zaizkienak, zaizkio, zaizkion, zarete, zauzkigu, zela, zelako, zen, zenaren, zenean, zinen, zirela, ziren, zirenak, zirenei, zitzaigun, zitzaiola, zitzaion, zitzaionik, zitzaizkidan, zitzaizkiela.
The 3rd highest number of forms (84) was observed with the lemma “egon”: Dagoeneko, badago, badagoela, badagoen, badaude, badaudela, baikaude, baitago, baitaude, baitzegoen, balego, banago, bazegoelako, bazegoen, dago, dagoela, dagoelako, dagoelarik, dagoen, dagoena, dagoenean, dagoenez, dagokienei, dagokienez, dagokigunez, dagokio, dagokion, dagokionari, dagokionaz, dagokionean, dagokionez, dagola, dagozkio, dagozkionak, daude, daudela, daudelako, dauden, daudenak, daudenean, daudenen, daudenetik, daudenez, egoiten, egon, egonda, egondako, egonen, egongo, egotea, egotearen, egoteko, egoten, gaude, gaudek, gaudela, gauden, gaudenok, geuden, geundela, geundelarik, geunden, hago, legokeela, nago, nagoela, nagoen, nengoela, nengoen, nengoke, zaude, zaudela, zaudezte, zegoela, zegoen, zegoena, zegoenean, zegoenik, zegokiola, zegokion, zegokionez, zeudela, zeuden, zeudenek.
VERB occurs with 22 features: eu-feat/VerbForm (10232; 67% instances), eu-feat/Aspect (9335; 61% instances), eu-feat/Case (3144; 21% instances), eu-feat/Mood (2480; 16% instances), eu-feat/Number[abs] (2480; 16% instances), eu-feat/Person[abs] (2480; 16% instances), eu-feat/Definite (1323; 9% instances), eu-feat/Number[erg] (1290; 8% instances), eu-feat/Person[erg] (1290; 8% instances), eu-feat/Number (537; 4% instances), eu-feat/Voice (178; 1% instances), eu-feat/Polarity (149; 1% instances), eu-feat/Number[dat] (134; 1% instances), eu-feat/Person[dat] (134; 1% instances), eu-feat/Gender (29; 0% instances), eu-feat/Polite (29; 0% instances), eu-feat/Degree (7; 0% instances), eu-feat/Polite[erg] (4; 0% instances), eu-feat/Gender[erg] (3; 0% instances), eu-feat/Polite[abs] (3; 0% instances), eu-feat/Gender[dat] (1; 0% instances), eu-feat/Polite[dat] (1; 0% instances)
VERB occurs with 56 feature-value pairs: Aspect=Imp, Aspect=Perf, Aspect=Prog, Aspect=Prosp, Case=Abl, Case=Abs, Case=All, Case=Cau, Case=Com, Case=Dat, Case=Erg, Case=Ess, Case=Gen, Case=Ine, Case=Ins, Case=Loc, Case=Par, Definite=Def, Definite=Ind, Degree=Cmp, Degree=Sup, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Gender[dat]=Masc, Gender[erg]=Fem, Gender[erg]=Masc, Mood=Cnd, Mood=Imp, Mood=Ind, Mood=Pot, Mood=Sub, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Number[abs]=Plur, Number[abs]=Sing, Number[dat]=Plur, Number[dat]=Sing, Number[erg]=Plur, Number[erg]=Sing, Person[abs]=1, Person[abs]=2, Person[abs]=3, Person[dat]=1, Person[dat]=2, Person[dat]=3, Person[erg]=1, Person[erg]=2, Person[erg]=3, Polarity=Pos, Polite=Infm, Polite[abs]=Infm, Polite[dat]=Infm, Polite[erg]=Infm, VerbForm=Inf, VerbForm=Part, Voice=Cau
VERB occurs with 186 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is Aspect=Perf|VerbForm=Part (4343 tokens).
Examples: egin, izan, esan, eman, joan, lortu, hasi, hil, irabazi, jokatu
Relations
VERB nodes are attached to their parents using 23 different relations: eu-dep/root (6169; 40% instances), eu-dep/advcl (3666; 24% instances), eu-dep/conj (1972; 13% instances), eu-dep/xcomp (879; 6% instances), eu-dep/acl (815; 5% instances), eu-dep/ccomp (741; 5% instances), eu-dep/aux (304; 2% instances), eu-dep/csubj (214; 1% instances), eu-dep/nmod (152; 1% instances), eu-dep/nsubj (91; 1% instances), eu-dep/obj (70; 0% instances), eu-dep/obl (65; 0% instances), eu-dep/appos (51; 0% instances), eu-dep/dep (28; 0% instances), eu-dep/iobj (18; 0% instances), eu-dep/parataxis (12; 0% instances), eu-dep/compound (9; 0% instances), eu-dep/advmod (7; 0% instances), eu-dep/flat (6; 0% instances), eu-dep/mark (3; 0% instances), eu-dep/cc (1; 0% instances), eu-dep/det (1; 0% instances), eu-dep/punct (1; 0% instances)
Parents of VERB nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: ROOT (6169; 40% instances), VERB (6160; 40% instances), NOUN (1977; 13% instances), AUX (516; 3% instances), ADJ (138; 1% instances), CCONJ (66; 0% instances), ADP (63; 0% instances), ADV (59; 0% instances), DET (32; 0% instances), PROPN (32; 0% instances), NUM (21; 0% instances), PUNCT (21; 0% instances), X (12; 0% instances), INTJ (5; 0% instances), PRON (3; 0% instances), PART (1; 0% instances)
904 (6%) VERB nodes are leaves.
2554 (17%) VERB nodes have one child.
2249 (15%) VERB nodes have two children.
9568 (63%) VERB nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a VERB node is 16.
Children of VERB nodes are attached using 26 different relations: eu-dep/punct (12353; 23% instances), eu-dep/aux (7785; 14% instances), eu-dep/obl (7087; 13% instances), eu-dep/nsubj (5849; 11% instances), eu-dep/obj (5816; 11% instances), eu-dep/advmod (4462; 8% instances), eu-dep/advcl (2877; 5% instances), eu-dep/cc (2027; 4% instances), eu-dep/conj (1840; 3% instances), eu-dep/xcomp (1040; 2% instances), eu-dep/ccomp (914; 2% instances), eu-dep/compound (818; 2% instances), eu-dep/iobj (802; 1% instances), eu-dep/cop (359; 1% instances), eu-dep/mark (139; 0% instances), eu-dep/csubj (114; 0% instances), eu-dep/parataxis (41; 0% instances), eu-dep/discourse (39; 0% instances), eu-dep/vocative (32; 0% instances), eu-dep/dep (19; 0% instances), eu-dep/det (12; 0% instances), eu-dep/nummod (10; 0% instances), eu-dep/acl (7; 0% instances), eu-dep/fixed (3; 0% instances), eu-dep/flat (3; 0% instances), eu-dep/amod (1; 0% instances)
Children of VERB nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: NOUN (15729; 29% instances), PUNCT (12349; 23% instances), AUX (7868; 14% instances), VERB (6160; 11% instances), ADV (3082; 6% instances), CCONJ (2922; 5% instances), PROPN (2868; 5% instances), PART (904; 2% instances), ADJ (823; 2% instances), DET (779; 1% instances), NUM (561; 1% instances), PRON (332; 1% instances), X (53; 0% instances), INTJ (17; 0% instances), SYM (2; 0% instances)
VERB in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]