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VERB: verb

Definition

A verb is a member of the syntactic class of words that typically signal events and actions, can constitute a minimal predicate in a clause, and govern the number and types of other constituents which may occur in the clause.

The tag VERB is reserved for full lexical verbs, while auxiliary verbs are tagged AUX.

Examples


Treebank Statistics (UD_French)

There are 2235 VERB lemmas (6%), 7886 VERB types (17%) and 30516 VERB tokens (8%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of VERB is: 4 in number of lemmas, 3 in number of types and 5 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent VERB lemmas: faire, avoir, être, situer, naître, prendre, devenir, trouver, permettre, mettre

The 10 most frequent VERB types: fait, a, né, faire, est, située, situé, partir, trouve, devient

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: faire (VERB 971, AUX 4), avoir (AUX 3243, VERB 856, NOUN 1), être (AUX 8903, VERB 525, NOUN 9), devenir (VERB 280, NOUN 1), voir (VERB 226, AUX 8, ADV 1), dire (VERB 200, NOUN 1), rester (VERB 176, AUX 8), venir (VERB 148, AUX 15), aller (VERB 125, AUX 119, NOUN 2), sortir (VERB 120, NOUN 2)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: fait (VERB 430, NOUN 124, AUX 1), a (AUX 1772, VERB 354, ADP 22, DET 4, X 4, PROPN 1, NOUN 1), (VERB 262, NOUN 1), est (AUX 4957, VERB 205, NOUN 44, ADJ 3, X 1, CCONJ 1), situé (VERB 140, ADJ 1), ont (AUX 534, VERB 112), voir (VERB 94, SCONJ 3, ADV 1), mort (VERB 90, NOUN 82, ADJ 7), reste (VERB 87, NOUN 37, AUX 2), connu (VERB 73, ADJ 1)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of VERB is 3.528412 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.305637).

The 1st highest number of forms (30) was observed with the lemma “avoir”: a, ai, aient, ait, as, aura, aurai, auraient, aurais, aurait, aurez, auriez, auront, avaient, avais, avait, avez, avions, avoir, avons, ayant, ayons, eu, eurent, eus, eut, eût, non, ont, à.

The 2nd highest number of forms (23) was observed with the lemma “faire”: Faisons, faire, fais, faisaient, faisait, faisant, fait, faite, faites, faits, fasse, fassent, fera, ferai, feraient, ferais, ferait, ferez, ferons, feront, firent, fit, font.

The 3rd highest number of forms (23) was observed with the lemma “être”: Seriez, est, furent, fut, fût, sera, serait, serez, seront, soient, soit, sommes, sont, soyez, suis, étaient, étais, était, étant, étions, été, êtes, être.

VERB occurs with 6 features: fr-feat/VerbForm (30441; 100% instances), fr-feat/Tense (25005; 82% instances), fr-feat/Number (23476; 77% instances), fr-feat/Mood (12563; 41% instances), fr-feat/Person (12563; 41% instances), fr-feat/Gender (10913; 36% instances)

VERB occurs with 18 feature-value pairs: Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Mood=Cnd, Mood=Imp, Mood=Ind, Mood=Sub, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, Tense=Fut, Tense=Imp, Tense=Past, Tense=Pres, VerbForm=Fin, VerbForm=Inf, VerbForm=Part

VERB occurs with 40 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin (7402 tokens). Examples: a, fait, est, devient, trouve, permet, agit, reste, prend, compte

Relations

VERB nodes are attached to their parents using 26 different relations: fr-dep/root (11801; 39% instances), fr-dep/acl (6848; 22% instances), fr-dep/conj (3621; 12% instances), fr-dep/acl:relcl (3053; 10% instances), fr-dep/advcl (2645; 9% instances), fr-dep/ccomp (1059; 3% instances), fr-dep/xcomp (598; 2% instances), fr-dep/parataxis (467; 2% instances), fr-dep/fixed (147; 0% instances), fr-dep/amod (90; 0% instances), fr-dep/appos (46; 0% instances), fr-dep/csubj (44; 0% instances), fr-dep/dep (23; 0% instances), fr-dep/obl (21; 0% instances), fr-dep/nmod (15; 0% instances), fr-dep/compound (11; 0% instances), fr-dep/case (5; 0% instances), fr-dep/advmod (4; 0% instances), fr-dep/dislocated (4; 0% instances), fr-dep/nsubj (4; 0% instances), fr-dep/obj (4; 0% instances), fr-dep/flat:name (2; 0% instances), fr-dep/cc (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/goeswith (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/mark (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/nsubj:pass (1; 0% instances)

Parents of VERB nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: ROOT (11801; 39% instances), VERB (8914; 29% instances), NOUN (7289; 24% instances), PROPN (948; 3% instances), ADJ (676; 2% instances), PRON (616; 2% instances), ADP (128; 0% instances), ADV (62; 0% instances), NUM (35; 0% instances), X (20; 0% instances), INTJ (7; 0% instances), AUX (6; 0% instances), SYM (5; 0% instances), PART (4; 0% instances), SCONJ (3; 0% instances), DET (2; 0% instances)

788 (3%) VERB nodes are leaves.

3140 (10%) VERB nodes have one child.

4931 (16%) VERB nodes have two children.

21657 (71%) VERB nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a VERB node is 15.

Children of VERB nodes are attached using 36 different relations: fr-dep/obl (23767; 20% instances), fr-dep/punct (21533; 19% instances), fr-dep/nsubj (15878; 14% instances), fr-dep/obj (13965; 12% instances), fr-dep/advmod (7414; 6% instances), fr-dep/mark (5846; 5% instances), fr-dep/aux (5762; 5% instances), fr-dep/conj (3494; 3% instances), fr-dep/cc (3264; 3% instances), fr-dep/aux:pass (2754; 2% instances), fr-dep/nsubj:pass (2661; 2% instances), fr-dep/advcl (2432; 2% instances), fr-dep/acl (1692; 1% instances), fr-dep/xcomp (1655; 1% instances), fr-dep/ccomp (1064; 1% instances), fr-dep/expl (954; 1% instances), fr-dep/iobj (754; 1% instances), fr-dep/parataxis (380; 0% instances), fr-dep/amod (124; 0% instances), fr-dep/appos (108; 0% instances), fr-dep/case (96; 0% instances), fr-dep/dep (89; 0% instances), fr-dep/fixed (40; 0% instances), fr-dep/det (38; 0% instances), fr-dep/cop (33; 0% instances), fr-dep/acl:relcl (25; 0% instances), fr-dep/csubj (23; 0% instances), fr-dep/discourse (22; 0% instances), fr-dep/dislocated (17; 0% instances), fr-dep/nummod (15; 0% instances), fr-dep/compound (11; 0% instances), fr-dep/nmod (11; 0% instances), fr-dep/goeswith (6; 0% instances), fr-dep/vocative (5; 0% instances), fr-dep/flat:name (3; 0% instances), fr-dep/nmod:poss (2; 0% instances)

Children of VERB nodes belong to 17 different parts of speech: NOUN (35820; 31% instances), PUNCT (21533; 19% instances), PRON (14558; 13% instances), VERB (8914; 8% instances), AUX (8549; 7% instances), ADV (7578; 7% instances), PROPN (6807; 6% instances), ADP (4255; 4% instances), CCONJ (3149; 3% instances), NUM (1981; 2% instances), SCONJ (1599; 1% instances), ADJ (858; 1% instances), SYM (177; 0% instances), X (77; 0% instances), DET (52; 0% instances), INTJ (22; 0% instances), PART (8; 0% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_French-ParTUT)

There are 522 VERB lemmas (20%), 944 VERB types (28%) and 1558 VERB tokens (9%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of VERB is: 2 in number of lemmas, 2 in number of types and 5 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent VERB lemmas: avoir, faire, concerner, dire, présenter, être, tenir, utiliser, permettre, savoir

The 10 most frequent VERB types: a, fait, faire, dite, concernant, est, compris, convient, ont, tenu

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: avoir (AUX 149, VERB 76), dire (VERB 27, NOUN 1), être (AUX 349, VERB 19, NOUN 1), savoir (VERB 17, AUX 1), suivre (VERB 7, AUX 5), ajouter (VERB 4, ADJ 1), aller (AUX 10, VERB 4), intégrer (VERB 3, ADJ 1), vouloir (AUX 24, VERB 3), pouvoir (AUX 60, NOUN 3, VERB 2)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: a (AUX 66, VERB 38, X 2, ADP 1), fait (VERB 22, NOUN 7), est (AUX 130, VERB 11, NOUN 1), ont (AUX 42, VERB 9), avoir (AUX 4, VERB 4), demande (VERB 4, NOUN 4), présente (ADJ 16, VERB 4), ait (AUX 6, VERB 3), avons (AUX 6, VERB 3), suivi (VERB 3, NOUN 1)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of VERB is 1.808429 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.316828).

The 1st highest number of forms (15) was observed with the lemma “avoir”: a, ai, ait, aura, aurai, aurez, auront, avaient, avait, avez, avoir, avons, ayant, eu, ont.

The 2nd highest number of forms (10) was observed with the lemma “présenter”: présentaient, présentant, présente, présentent, présenter, présentons, présenté, présentée, présentées, présentés.

The 3rd highest number of forms (9) was observed with the lemma “savoir”: sachant, sais, sait, saurai, saurait, savent, savez, savoir, savons.

VERB occurs with 6 features: fr-feat/VerbForm (1558; 100% instances), fr-feat/Tense (1096; 70% instances), fr-feat/Number (1056; 68% instances), fr-feat/Mood (574; 37% instances), fr-feat/Person (570; 37% instances), fr-feat/Gender (458; 29% instances)

VERB occurs with 19 feature-value pairs: Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Mood=Cnd, Mood=Imp, Mood=Ind, Mood=Sub, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, Tense=Fut, Tense=Imp, Tense=Past, Tense=Pres, VerbForm=Fin, VerbForm=Ger, VerbForm=Inf, VerbForm=Part

VERB occurs with 44 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is VerbForm=Inf (418 tokens). Examples: faire, dire, compter, améliorer, assurer, communiquer, partir, permettre, utiliser, accorder

Relations

VERB nodes are attached to their parents using 16 different relations: fr-dep/root (484; 31% instances), fr-dep/acl (284; 18% instances), fr-dep/advcl (186; 12% instances), fr-dep/conj (182; 12% instances), fr-dep/acl:relcl (158; 10% instances), fr-dep/ccomp (118; 8% instances), fr-dep/xcomp (83; 5% instances), fr-dep/csubj (36; 2% instances), fr-dep/fixed (7; 0% instances), fr-dep/obl (6; 0% instances), fr-dep/nsubj (4; 0% instances), fr-dep/parataxis (4; 0% instances), fr-dep/appos (2; 0% instances), fr-dep/nmod (2; 0% instances), fr-dep/advmod (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/dep (1; 0% instances)

Parents of VERB nodes belong to 9 different parts of speech: VERB (543; 35% instances), ROOT (484; 31% instances), NOUN (411; 26% instances), ADJ (57; 4% instances), PRON (54; 3% instances), PROPN (4; 0% instances), ADP (3; 0% instances), ADV (1; 0% instances), SYM (1; 0% instances)

44 (3%) VERB nodes are leaves.

191 (12%) VERB nodes have one child.

236 (15%) VERB nodes have two children.

1087 (70%) VERB nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a VERB node is 12.

Children of VERB nodes are attached using 32 different relations: fr-dep/obl (828; 15% instances), fr-dep/punct (783; 14% instances), fr-dep/nsubj (743; 13% instances), fr-dep/obj (668; 12% instances), fr-dep/mark (489; 9% instances), fr-dep/advmod (433; 8% instances), fr-dep/aux (311; 5% instances), fr-dep/conj (178; 3% instances), fr-dep/cc (172; 3% instances), fr-dep/advcl (171; 3% instances), fr-dep/ccomp (149; 3% instances), fr-dep/aux:pass (132; 2% instances), fr-dep/xcomp (129; 2% instances), fr-dep/nsubj:pass (124; 2% instances), fr-dep/expl (99; 2% instances), fr-dep/iobj (53; 1% instances), fr-dep/obl:agent (46; 1% instances), fr-dep/vocative (39; 1% instances), fr-dep/nummod (33; 1% instances), fr-dep/csubj (19; 0% instances), fr-dep/case (15; 0% instances), fr-dep/det (11; 0% instances), fr-dep/appos (10; 0% instances), fr-dep/amod (5; 0% instances), fr-dep/dislocated (4; 0% instances), fr-dep/nmod (4; 0% instances), fr-dep/cop (3; 0% instances), fr-dep/discourse (3; 0% instances), fr-dep/acl:relcl (2; 0% instances), fr-dep/parataxis (2; 0% instances), fr-dep/dep (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/nmod:poss (1; 0% instances)

Children of VERB nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: NOUN (1752; 31% instances), PRON (799; 14% instances), PUNCT (783; 14% instances), VERB (543; 10% instances), AUX (446; 8% instances), ADV (347; 6% instances), ADP (306; 5% instances), SCONJ (204; 4% instances), CCONJ (172; 3% instances), PART (100; 2% instances), ADJ (92; 2% instances), PROPN (50; 1% instances), NUM (44; 1% instances), DET (18; 0% instances), SYM (3; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_French-Sequoia)

There are 912 VERB lemmas (14%), 2232 VERB types (24%) and 4746 VERB tokens (8%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of VERB is: 4 in number of lemmas, 2 in number of types and 5 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent VERB lemmas: avoir, faire, devoir, voir, présenter, mettre, utiliser, recevoir, traiter, prendre

The 10 most frequent VERB types: voir, doit, a, faire, fait, mis, traités, utilisé, eu, atteints

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: avoir (AUX 715, VERB 155, NOUN 1), devoir (AUX 98, VERB 85, NOUN 3), voir (VERB 71, AUX 4), présenter (VERB 66, AUX 1), être (AUX 1233, VERB 48, NOUN 2), savoir (VERB 35, AUX 2), dire (VERB 32, AUX 2), pouvoir (AUX 118, VERB 32, NOUN 10), aller (VERB 26, NOUN 1), penser (VERB 22, AUX 3)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: doit (VERB 48, AUX 16), a (AUX 301, VERB 44, X 3, ADP 1), fait (VERB 36, NOUN 21), traités (VERB 30, NOUN 2), est (AUX 460, VERB 24), concernant (VERB 23, ADP 1), avoir (AUX 33, VERB 17), doivent (VERB 16, AUX 11), pense (VERB 15, AUX 2), peut (AUX 33, VERB 15)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of VERB is 2.447368 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.389679).

The 1st highest number of forms (20) was observed with the lemma “avoir”: a, ai, aient, aura, aurai, aurait, aurez, aurons, auront, avaient, avait, avez, avions, avoir, avons, ayant, eu, eue, eut, ont.

The 2nd highest number of forms (16) was observed with the lemma “faire”: faire, fais, faisaient, faisait, faisant, faisons, fait, faite, faits, fasse, fera, ferez, ferons, feront, fit, font.

The 3rd highest number of forms (14) was observed with the lemma “être”: est, sera, serait, seront, soit, sommes, sont, étaient, étais, étant, étions, été, êtes, être.

VERB occurs with 7 features: fr-feat/VerbForm (4746; 100% instances), fr-feat/Tense (3697; 78% instances), fr-feat/Number (3320; 70% instances), fr-feat/Gender (1837; 39% instances), fr-feat/Mood (1566; 33% instances), fr-feat/Person (1561; 33% instances), fr-feat/Voice (639; 13% instances)

VERB occurs with 19 feature-value pairs: Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Mood=Cnd, Mood=Imp, Mood=Ind, Mood=Sub, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, Tense=Fut, Tense=Imp, Tense=Past, Tense=Pres, VerbForm=Fin, VerbForm=Inf, VerbForm=Part, Voice=Pass

VERB occurs with 49 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is VerbForm=Inf (1012 tokens). Examples: voir, faire, prendre, utiliser, dire, avoir, savoir, partir, obtenir, recevoir

Relations

VERB nodes are attached to their parents using 14 different relations: fr-dep/root (1644; 35% instances), fr-dep/acl (984; 21% instances), fr-dep/xcomp (505; 11% instances), fr-dep/conj (426; 9% instances), fr-dep/acl:relcl (409; 9% instances), fr-dep/advcl (381; 8% instances), fr-dep/ccomp (225; 5% instances), fr-dep/parataxis (101; 2% instances), fr-dep/fixed (56; 1% instances), fr-dep/dep (5; 0% instances), fr-dep/csubj (3; 0% instances), fr-dep/mark (3; 0% instances), fr-dep/dislocated (2; 0% instances), fr-dep/orphan (2; 0% instances)

Parents of VERB nodes belong to 11 different parts of speech: ROOT (1644; 35% instances), VERB (1433; 30% instances), NOUN (1277; 27% instances), ADJ (155; 3% instances), PRON (114; 2% instances), PROPN (85; 2% instances), ADP (25; 1% instances), ADV (9; 0% instances), CCONJ (2; 0% instances), NUM (1; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)

196 (4%) VERB nodes are leaves.

660 (14%) VERB nodes have one child.

812 (17%) VERB nodes have two children.

3078 (65%) VERB nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a VERB node is 14.

Children of VERB nodes are attached using 26 different relations: fr-dep/punct (3462; 19% instances), fr-dep/obl (3010; 17% instances), fr-dep/nsubj (2187; 12% instances), fr-dep/obj (1925; 11% instances), fr-dep/advmod (1296; 7% instances), fr-dep/mark (1092; 6% instances), fr-dep/aux (1023; 6% instances), fr-dep/aux:pass (641; 4% instances), fr-dep/nsubj:pass (500; 3% instances), fr-dep/xcomp (490; 3% instances), fr-dep/conj (410; 2% instances), fr-dep/cc (401; 2% instances), fr-dep/advcl (366; 2% instances), fr-dep/expl (271; 2% instances), fr-dep/ccomp (255; 1% instances), fr-dep/iobj (213; 1% instances), fr-dep/parataxis (87; 0% instances), fr-dep/nummod (70; 0% instances), fr-dep/vocative (43; 0% instances), fr-dep/cop (30; 0% instances), fr-dep/fixed (8; 0% instances), fr-dep/acl (4; 0% instances), fr-dep/dislocated (4; 0% instances), fr-dep/csubj (3; 0% instances), fr-dep/dep (3; 0% instances), fr-dep/csubj:pass (1; 0% instances)

Children of VERB nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: NOUN (5541; 31% instances), PUNCT (3462; 19% instances), PRON (1970; 11% instances), AUX (1694; 10% instances), VERB (1433; 8% instances), ADV (1197; 7% instances), ADP (805; 5% instances), PROPN (671; 4% instances), SCONJ (407; 2% instances), CCONJ (401; 2% instances), ADJ (108; 1% instances), NUM (80; 0% instances), DET (22; 0% instances), X (3; 0% instances), INTJ (1; 0% instances)


VERB in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]