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VERB: verb

Definition

A verb typically signals events and actions; it can constitute a minimal predicate in a clause. Verbs in Estonian associate with grammatical categories like person, number, tense, mood and voice.
The verb tag in Estonian UD v 1.3 does not cover auxiliaries AUX.
Auxiliaries are:
olema “be” and in rare occasions saama “get” are auxiliaries that form periphrastic tense forms;
modal verbs are võima, tohtima “may”, saama “can”, pidama “must”, näima, paistma, tunduma “seem”;
ei and ära “not” in negative verb forms.

Participles are word forms that share properties and usage of adjectives and verbs. Depending on their syntactic function they are tagged as VERB or ADJ in Estonian UD.

Gerunds and infinitives are tagged as VERB, except for grammatized word-forms.

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Estonian)

There are 1162 VERB lemmas (16%), 2406 VERB types (22%) and 5066 VERB tokens (15%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of VERB is: 2 in number of lemmas, 2 in number of types and 3 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent VERB lemmas: olema, tulema, ütlema, saama, tegema, minema, liiguta, nägema, jääma, teadma

The 10 most frequent VERB types: liigutas, ütles, on, jäi, viskus, tuli, oli, liikus, tõukas, läks

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: olema (AUX 878, VERB 118), tulema (VERB 98, AUX 3), saama (VERB 91, AUX 28), nägema (VERB 67, AUX 2), hakkama (VERB 46, AUX 3), sõit (VERB 38, NOUN 6), tõus (VERB 26, NOUN 1), pidama (AUX 70, VERB 24), paistma (VERB 13, AUX 1), tunduma (VERB 13, AUX 7)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: on (AUX 305, VERB 35), oli (AUX 333, VERB 24), sai (VERB 19, AUX 3), tuleb (VERB 17, AUX 1), tulnud (VERB 16, ADJ 3), nägi (VERB 15, AUX 1), hakkas (VERB 13, AUX 3), polnud (AUX 31, VERB 11), saanud (VERB 12, AUX 7, ADJ 4), vastas (VERB 12, ADV 2, ADP 1)

• on
  • AUX 305: Siis on maja sinu päralt , seda sa ju ootad pikisilmi ! “
  • VERB 35: ” Ma usun , et ta on kohe-kohe ärkamas , kui mitte juba ärganud .
• oli
  • AUX 333: Vana mehe pea oli rinnale langenud , ta magas .
  • VERB 24: Ka lõpetatud töölepingu krabisev paber oli nüüd minu käes .
• sai
  • VERB 19: Sel päeval sai rännurahutus kauni paiga võlust siiski võitu .
  • AUX 3: Tal oli keha , seda sai katsuda .
• tuleb
  • VERB 17: Üht neist suurendades tuleb teist vähendada .
  • AUX 1: Võitlus tuleb äge , kuid Jumal hoiab oma kätt sinu pea kohal ja sa ei pea mitte kartma , aulik rüütel ! “
• tulnud
  • VERB 16: Ega ta selleks maailma tulnud , et pimedas tiiva all lösutada .
  • ADJ 3: Umbes 6000 pealtvaataja silme all Pärnumaal Audru ringrajal eile peetud Puma Racing Weekend kujunes starti tulnud võistlejate arvu poolest Eesti kõigi aegade suurimaks ringrajavõidusõiduks .
• nägi
  • VERB 15: Tsee nägi rebast esimest korda elus , kuid tundis ta kohe ära .
  • AUX 1: Ta nägi välja nii … ebainimlik , kahvatu , peaaegu läbipaistev .
• hakkas
  • VERB 13: Nüüd hakkas see etapp lõppema : mereäärne villa saab augustis valmis .
  • AUX 3: Maol hakkas kuum ja paha .
• polnud
  • AUX 31: Ta polnud saanud mahti seda maitsta .
  • VERB 11: Tibud olid nii head õpilased , et neid polnud tarviski õpetada .
• saanud
  • VERB 12: Eks need imelikud suutäied olid ja ega eesti mees neist söönuks saanud .
  • AUX 7: Ta polnud saanud mahti seda maitsta .
  • ADJ 4: Ta võttis nõrkenud ja mitu valusat vopsu saanud tibu nende keskelt ära ning viis tuppa .
• vastas
  • VERB 12: ” Mina olen Merlin ! “ vastas orav .
  • ADV 2: Kallikene oli ise vastas .
  • ADP 1: Halud olid tihedasti üksteise vastas , läbi vahede ei pääsenud , pinu taga oli teine riit , mis sulges selle riida arvukad aknad .

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of VERB is 2.070568 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.545328).

The 1st highest number of forms (20) was observed with the lemma “minema”: Läksin, Minge, lähe, läheb, lähed, lähegi, läheks, läheme, lähen, lähete, lähevad, lähme, läinud, läks, läksid, läksime, mine, minema, minna, minnes.

The 2nd highest number of forms (20) was observed with the lemma “olema”: Oleme, Olge, Olgu, Ongi, ole, oled, oleks, olema, olemas, olen, olevat, oli, olid, oligi, olla, olnud, on, pole, polegi, polnud.

The 3rd highest number of forms (19) was observed with the lemma “tegema”: Teeme, tee, teeb, teed, teeks, teen, teevad, tegema, tegemas, tegemata, tegi, tegid, tegin, teha, tehes, tehtagi, tehti, tehtud, teinud.

VERB occurs with 9 features: et-feat/VerbForm (5066; 100% instances), et-feat/Voice (4462; 88% instances), et-feat/Tense (4163; 82% instances), et-feat/Mood (3791; 75% instances), et-feat/Number (3360; 66% instances), et-feat/Person (3356; 66% instances), et-feat/Case (299; 6% instances), et-feat/Connegative (273; 5% instances), et-feat/Polarity (27; 1% instances)

VERB occurs with 28 feature-value pairs: Case=Abe, Case=All, Case=Ela, Case=Ill, Case=Ine, Case=Tra, Connegative=Yes, Mood=Cnd, Mood=Imp, Mood=Ind, Mood=Qot, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, Polarity=Neg, Tense=Imp, Tense=Past, Tense=Pres, VerbForm=Conv, VerbForm=Fin, VerbForm=Ger, VerbForm=Inf, VerbForm=Part, VerbForm=Sup, Voice=Act, Voice=Pass

VERB occurs with 58 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act (1157 tokens). Examples: ütles, oli, jäi, tuli, võttis, vaatas, tundis, küsis, sai, tegi

Relations

VERB nodes are attached to their parents using 11 different relations: et-dep/root (2634; 52% instances), et-dep/conj (854; 17% instances), et-dep/advcl (540; 11% instances), et-dep/xcomp (298; 6% instances), et-dep/parataxis (237; 5% instances), et-dep/acl:relcl (193; 4% instances), et-dep/ccomp (148; 3% instances), et-dep/csubj (66; 1% instances), et-dep/acl (53; 1% instances), et-dep/csubj:cop (37; 1% instances), et-dep/compound (6; 0% instances)

Parents of VERB nodes belong to 9 different parts of speech: ROOT (2634; 52% instances), VERB (1850; 37% instances), NOUN (274; 5% instances), ADJ (161; 3% instances), PRON (60; 1% instances), ADV (43; 1% instances), PROPN (26; 1% instances), AUX (17; 0% instances), NUM (1; 0% instances)

169 (3%) VERB nodes are leaves.

376 (7%) VERB nodes have one child.

522 (10%) VERB nodes have two children.

3999 (79%) VERB nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a VERB node is 14.

Children of VERB nodes are attached using 25 different relations: et-dep/punct (4619; 24% instances), et-dep/obl (3304; 17% instances), et-dep/nsubj (3045; 16% instances), et-dep/obj (1795; 9% instances), et-dep/advmod (1780; 9% instances), et-dep/conj (827; 4% instances), et-dep/aux (797; 4% instances), et-dep/cc (691; 4% instances), et-dep/advcl (577; 3% instances), et-dep/compound:prt (570; 3% instances), et-dep/mark (545; 3% instances), et-dep/xcomp (393; 2% instances), et-dep/ccomp (203; 1% instances), et-dep/parataxis (188; 1% instances), et-dep/csubj (66; 0% instances), et-dep/amod (60; 0% instances), et-dep/vocative (44; 0% instances), et-dep/nummod (42; 0% instances), et-dep/discourse (29; 0% instances), et-dep/compound (6; 0% instances), et-dep/cc:preconj (4; 0% instances), et-dep/cop (4; 0% instances), et-dep/nsubj:cop (4; 0% instances), et-dep/nmod (3; 0% instances), et-dep/orphan (1; 0% instances)

Children of VERB nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: NOUN (5686; 29% instances), PUNCT (4619; 24% instances), ADV (2469; 13% instances), VERB (1850; 9% instances), PRON (1789; 9% instances), PROPN (923; 5% instances), AUX (802; 4% instances), CCONJ (694; 4% instances), SCONJ (447; 2% instances), ADJ (232; 1% instances), NUM (54; 0% instances), INTJ (29; 0% instances), ADP (2; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)

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VERB in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]

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