VERB
: verb
Definition
VERB tag is used for words with one of Japanese verb inflection types.
Basically it corresponds to PoS tag verb
/ 動詞 in UniDic.
A VERB consists of the stem and inflection parts as below:
Examples
- 遊ぶ “play” (
verb (general)
/ 動詞-一般) - 遊ん だ “play”+PAST : だ is an auxiliary verb AUX, representing past tense.
- 遊ば ない “play”+NEG : ない is an auxiliary verb AUX, representing negation.
- 見 て いる “see”+PROGRESSIVE : a combination of て CCONJ and いる AUX functions as adding progrsssive aspect.
- 来る “come”
- 勉強する “study”: する is an auxiliary verb AUX, forming a verb noun into a verb.
The differences between VERB tag and UniDic’s verb
/ 動詞 tag are as follows:
- The stem of nominal verbs (so-called suru-verbs or サ変動詞) is also tagged as VERB, while in UniDic it is tagged as
noun (common.verbal_suru)
/ 名詞-普通名詞-サ変動詞可能. Note that such a nominal verb is tagged as VERB when it behaves as a verb (typically followed by “する” or “できる”), otherwise is tagged as NOUN (e.g. 勉強 が好きだ “(I) like studying”). - VERB is NOT used for non-content (functional) verbs, while they are taged as
verb (bound)
/ 動詞- 非自立可能, e.g. 食べている “eat”+PROGRESSIVE : such a functional verb (いる) is tagged with AUX.
Treebank Statistics (UD_Japanese)
There are 3209 VERB
lemmas (14%), 4241 VERB
types (17%) and 16236 VERB
tokens (9%).
Out of 14 observed tags, the rank of VERB
is: 3 in number of lemmas, 3 in number of types and 5 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent VERB
lemmas: する, ある, なる, 行う, 思う, いう, 受ける, できる, 持つ, いる
The 10 most frequent VERB
types: し, ある, なっ, なる, あり, する, いう, あっ, なり, 行っ
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: する (AUX 4430, VERB 1045), ある (VERB 779, AUX 157), なる (VERB 681, AUX 218), できる (AUX 136, VERB 120), いる (AUX 1989, VERB 114), 使用 (VERB 78, NOUN 23), 行く (VERB 75, AUX 22), 利用 (VERB 73, NOUN 13), 来る (AUX 150, VERB 57), 登場 (VERB 52, NOUN 13)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: し (AUX 2352, VERB 808, SCONJ 38), ある (VERB 479, AUX 100), なっ (VERB 373, AUX 107), なる (VERB 180, AUX 57), あり (VERB 171, AUX 31), する (AUX 980, VERB 133), あっ (VERB 115, AUX 23), なり (VERB 105, AUX 36, ADP 7), 行っ (VERB 101, AUX 9), 受け (VERB 100, NOUN 1)
- し
- ある
- なっ
- なる
- あり
- する
- あっ
- なり
- 行っ
- 受け
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of VERB
is 1.321596 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.059217).
The 1st highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “ある”: あ, あっ, あら, あり, ある, あれ, あろ.
The 2nd highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “つく”: つ, つい, つか, つき, つく, つけ, つこ.
The 3rd highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “なる”: な, なっ, なら, なり, なる, なれ, なろ.
VERB
does not occur with any features.
Relations
VERB
nodes are attached to their parents using 5 different relations: ja-dep/acl (10655; 66% instances), ja-dep/root (5202; 32% instances), ja-dep/csubj (180; 1% instances), ja-dep/amod (143; 1% instances), ja-dep/fixed (56; 0% instances)
Parents of VERB
nodes belong to 12 different parts of speech: VERB (5594; 34% instances), ROOT (5202; 32% instances), NOUN (4389; 27% instances), ADJ (580; 4% instances), PROPN (332; 2% instances), NUM (94; 1% instances), ADV (19; 0% instances), PRON (19; 0% instances), PUNCT (3; 0% instances), CCONJ (2; 0% instances), ADP (1; 0% instances), SYM (1; 0% instances)
371 (2%) VERB
nodes are leaves.
989 (6%) VERB
nodes have one child.
2719 (17%) VERB
nodes have two children.
12157 (75%) VERB
nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a VERB
node is 14.
Children of VERB
nodes are attached using 19 different relations: ja-dep/aux (17628; 27% instances), ja-dep/punct (8287; 13% instances), ja-dep/obl (6836; 10% instances), ja-dep/acl (6810; 10% instances), ja-dep/mark (6509; 10% instances), ja-dep/nsubj (5559; 8% instances), ja-dep/obj (4645; 7% instances), ja-dep/iobj (3968; 6% instances), ja-dep/case (2230; 3% instances), ja-dep/advmod (1694; 3% instances), ja-dep/nummod (1395; 2% instances), ja-dep/cop (248; 0% instances), ja-dep/compound (230; 0% instances), ja-dep/amod (112; 0% instances), ja-dep/csubj (44; 0% instances), ja-dep/fixed (36; 0% instances), ja-dep/dep (12; 0% instances), ja-dep/cc (4; 0% instances), ja-dep/det (1; 0% instances)
Children of VERB
nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: NOUN (18928; 29% instances), AUX (17279; 26% instances), PUNCT (8482; 13% instances), SCONJ (5938; 9% instances), VERB (5594; 8% instances), PROPN (2259; 3% instances), ADP (2170; 3% instances), NUM (1422; 2% instances), ADJ (1249; 2% instances), ADV (1168; 2% instances), PART (647; 1% instances), PRON (557; 1% instances), CCONJ (540; 1% instances), SYM (15; 0% instances)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Japanese-KTC)
There are 1297 VERB
lemmas (29%), 1 VERB
types (6%) and 17383 VERB
tokens (9%).
Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of VERB
is: 3 in number of lemmas, 16 in number of types and 5 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent VERB
lemmas: _, 為る, 成る, 言う, 有る, 因る, つく, 見る, 取る, 行う
The 10 most frequent VERB
types: _
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: _ (NOUN 52356, ADP 40131, PUNCT 20670, AUX 7362, SCONJ 6334, NUM 6286, VERB 6156, ADJ 2302, PART 1887, CONJ 1517, PROPN 1293, ADV 1200, SYM 865, PRON 102, DET 68, INTJ 8), 為る (AUX 3506, VERB 1174, SCONJ 4), 成る (VERB 757, AUX 145), 有る (VERB 620, AUX 570, ADJ 2), 因る (VERB 286, ADV 1), 見る (VERB 120, AUX 28, NOUN 1), 取る (VERB 106, AUX 1, NOUN 1), 出来る (AUX 163, VERB 101), 居る (AUX 1751, VERB 74), 受ける (VERB 66, NOUN 1)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: _ (NOUN 59392, ADP 40132, PUNCT 20670, AUX 20538, VERB 17383, NUM 7782, SCONJ 6539, PROPN 5774, ADJ 3509, CONJ 1977, ADV 1949, PART 1921, SYM 865, DET 751, PRON 744, INTJ 17)
- _
- NOUN 59392: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- ADP 40132: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- PUNCT 20670: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- AUX 20538: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- VERB 17383: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- NUM 7782: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- SCONJ 6539: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- PROPN 5774: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- ADJ 3509: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- CONJ 1977: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- ADV 1949: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- PART 1921: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- SYM 865: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- DET 751: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- PRON 744: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- INTJ 17: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of VERB
is 0.000771 (the average of all parts of speech is 0.003541).
The 1st highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “_”: _.
The 2nd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “いらっしゃる”: _.
The 3rd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “うつ伏せ”: _.
VERB
does not occur with any features.
Relations
VERB
nodes are attached to their parents using 17 different relations: ja-dep/acl (4989; 29% instances), ja-dep/root (4964; 29% instances), ja-dep/advcl (3565; 21% instances), ja-dep/mwe (1183; 7% instances), ja-dep/dep (751; 4% instances), ja-dep/ccomp (648; 4% instances), ja-dep/nmod (516; 3% instances), ja-dep/csubj (309; 2% instances), ja-dep/iobj (166; 1% instances), ja-dep/conj (160; 1% instances), ja-dep/dobj (63; 0% instances), ja-dep/nsubj (53; 0% instances), ja-dep/case (5; 0% instances), ja-dep/nsubjpass (4; 0% instances), ja-dep/compound (3; 0% instances), ja-dep/csubjpass (3; 0% instances), ja-dep/advmod (1; 0% instances)
Parents of VERB
nodes belong to 11 different parts of speech: NOUN (5810; 33% instances), ROOT (4964; 29% instances), VERB (4777; 27% instances), ADP (1183; 7% instances), ADJ (380; 2% instances), PROPN (154; 1% instances), ADV (89; 1% instances), NUM (10; 0% instances), PRON (9; 0% instances), CONJ (5; 0% instances), INTJ (2; 0% instances)
1401 (8%) VERB
nodes are leaves.
1370 (8%) VERB
nodes have one child.
2685 (15%) VERB
nodes have two children.
11927 (69%) VERB
nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a VERB
node is 15.
Children of VERB
nodes are attached using 27 different relations: ja-dep/aux (13049; 20% instances), ja-dep/punct (9439; 14% instances), ja-dep/nmod (7171; 11% instances), ja-dep/dobj (6161; 9% instances), ja-dep/mark (5908; 9% instances), ja-dep/nsubj (5629; 9% instances), ja-dep/iobj (4375; 7% instances), ja-dep/advcl (4128; 6% instances), ja-dep/dep (1795; 3% instances), ja-dep/case (1602; 2% instances), ja-dep/advmod (1385; 2% instances), ja-dep/auxpass (1360; 2% instances), ja-dep/neg (1094; 2% instances), ja-dep/ccomp (865; 1% instances), ja-dep/nsubjpass (598; 1% instances), ja-dep/cc (568; 1% instances), ja-dep/cop (216; 0% instances), ja-dep/conj (198; 0% instances), ja-dep/csubj (34; 0% instances), ja-dep/acl (11; 0% instances), ja-dep/compound (6; 0% instances), ja-dep/discourse (4; 0% instances), ja-dep/csubjpass (3; 0% instances), ja-dep/appos (2; 0% instances), ja-dep/amod (1; 0% instances), ja-dep/det (1; 0% instances), ja-dep/nummod (1; 0% instances)
Children of VERB
nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: NOUN (23076; 35% instances), AUX (15755; 24% instances), PUNCT (9413; 14% instances), SCONJ (5422; 8% instances), VERB (4777; 7% instances), ADP (2357; 4% instances), ADV (1300; 2% instances), ADJ (952; 1% instances), PROPN (765; 1% instances), CONJ (636; 1% instances), PART (593; 1% instances), PRON (448; 1% instances), NUM (71; 0% instances), SYM (26; 0% instances), INTJ (8; 0% instances), DET (5; 0% instances)
VERB in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]