home fi/pos edit page issue tracker

This page still pertains to UD version 1.

VERB: verb

Verbs typically inflect for tense, mood and person and signal events and actions. Verbs can constitute a minimal predicate in a clause, and govern the number and types of other constituents which may occur in the clause.

Auxiliary and modal verbs are not annotated as VERB but rather AUX.

Examples

References


Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish)

There are 2394 VERB lemmas (10%), 10052 VERB types (20%) and 25098 VERB tokens (14%). Out of 15 observed tags, the rank of VERB is: 4 in number of lemmas, 2 in number of types and 3 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent VERB lemmas: saada, tehdä, olla, tulla, antaa, ottaa, sanoa, käyttää, haluta, ei

The 10 most frequent VERB types: eikä, ottaa, tuli, tulee, saa, sai, on, ettei, tehdä, sanoi

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: olla (AUX 7283, VERB 586), ei (AUX 1756, VERB 253, ADV 22), pitää (VERB 248, AUX 196), päästä (VERB 155, ADP 14), liittyä (VERB 154, NOUN 1), että#ei (VERB 149, AUX 1), tarvita (VERB 112, AUX 30), myöntää (VERB 67, NOUN 1), joutua (VERB 59, AUX 54), saavuttaa (VERB 52, NOUN 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: eikä (VERB 130, CCONJ 3, AUX 1), on (AUX 3364, VERB 79, PROPN 4, ADV 1), pitää (VERB 70, AUX 56), ei (AUX 1141, VERB 33, ADV 7, ADJ 1), olevan (AUX 60, VERB 44, NOUN 1), toimi (VERB 43, NOUN 1), oli (AUX 1086, VERB 29), olemassa (VERB 39, AUX 1), olla (AUX 258, VERB 33), oleva (VERB 31, NOUN 1)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of VERB is 4.198830 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.037154).

The 1st highest number of forms (84) was observed with the lemma “tehdä”: Teinpä, Tekeekö, Tekivätkö, tee, teemme, teen, teenkin, teenkö, teet, tehden, tehdessä, tehdessään, tehdyillä, tehdyissä, tehdyistä, tehdylle, tehdyllä, tehdyn, tehdyssä, tehdystä, tehdä, tehdään, tehköön, tehneen, tehneet, tehny, tehnyt, tehnytkin, tehtiin, tehtiinkin, tehty, tehtyjen, tehtyjä, tehtynä, tehtyyn, tehtyä, tehtyäni, tehtyään, tehtäessä, tehtäisiin, tehtävien, tehtäviin, tehtäville, tehtävistä, tehtäviä, tehtävä, tehtävän, teimme, tein, teinkin, teit, tekee, tekeekin, tekemiensä, tekemiin, tekemiäni, tekemiään, tekemä, tekemällä, tekemän, tekemäni, tekemänsä, tekemässä, tekemästä, tekemästään, tekemättä, tekemää, tekemään, tekemäänsä, tekevien, tekeville, tekevä, tekeväni, tekevät, tekevää, tekevään, teki, tekikin, tekis, tekisi, tekisimme, tekisin, tekisivät, tekivät.

The 2nd highest number of forms (78) was observed with the lemma “saada”: Saamiemme, Saamillaan, Saisitte, saa, saada, saadaan, saadaankin, saadaanko, saadakseen, saadakseni, saadaksesi, saadessa, saaduista, saadulle, saadut, saahan, saako, saama, saamaan, saamaani, saamaankaan, saamaansa, saamani, saamansa, saamassa, saamasta, saamat, saamatta, saamien, saamienne, saamiini, saamiinsa, saamme, saan, saanee, saaneen, saaneensa, saaneet, saaneiden, saaneita, saanen, saanu, saanut, saanutta, saat, saataisiin, saatava, saatavalla, saatavana, saatavat, saatavilla, saataville, saatavissa, saatavista, saatiin, saatte, saatu, saatuaan, saatuani, saatuja, saatujen, saava, saavan, saavani, saavansa, saavat, sai, saikin, saimme, sain, sais, saisi, saisimme, saisin, saisit, saisivat, sait, saivat.

The 3rd highest number of forms (71) was observed with the lemma “olla”: Olisiko, Olisikohan, Onpa, Onpas, Oon, lienee, oelmassa, ole, olemaan, olemassa, olemasta, olemme, olemmekin, olen, olenkin, olet, olette, oleva, olevaa, olevaan, olevalla, olevalle, olevan, olevana, olevansa, olevasi, olevassa, olevasta, olevat, olevia, olevien, oleviksi, olevilla, oleville, olevilta, olevissa, olevista, oli, olihan, olikaan, olin, olipas, olis, olisi, olisivat, olivat, olkoon, olkoot, olla, ollaan, olleen, olleessa, olleet, olleiden, olleista, olleita, ollessa, ollu, ollut, ollutkaan, ollutta, oltaessa, oltava, oltiin, on, onki, onko, onks, oo, ootte, ovat.

VERB occurs with 19 features: fi-feat/VerbForm (25098; 100% instances), fi-feat/Voice (24306; 97% instances), fi-feat/Number (22267; 89% instances), fi-feat/Mood (13342; 53% instances), fi-feat/Tense (12364; 49% instances), fi-feat/Person (11041; 44% instances), fi-feat/Case (8516; 34% instances), fi-feat/PartForm (6562; 26% instances), fi-feat/Degree (6558; 26% instances), fi-feat/InfForm (4728; 19% instances), fi-feat/Connegative (905; 4% instances), fi-feat/Clitic (540; 2% instances), fi-feat/Polarity (466; 2% instances), fi-feat/Person[psor] (464; 2% instances), fi-feat/Style (277; 1% instances), fi-feat/Number[psor] (142; 1% instances), fi-feat/Typo (78; 0% instances), fi-feat/Abbr (25; 0% instances), fi-feat/Derivation (1; 0% instances)

VERB occurs with 63 feature-value pairs: Abbr=Yes, Case=Abe, Case=Abl, Case=Ade, Case=All, Case=Ela, Case=Ess, Case=Gen, Case=Ill, Case=Ine, Case=Ins, Case=Nom, Case=Par, Case=Tra, Clitic=Han, Clitic=Han,Ko, Clitic=Han,Pa, Clitic=Ka, Clitic=Kaan, Clitic=Kin, Clitic=Ko, Clitic=Ko,S, Clitic=Pa, Clitic=Pa,S, Clitic=S, Connegative=Yes, Degree=Cmp, Degree=Pos, Degree=Sup, Derivation=Ttaa, InfForm=1, InfForm=2, InfForm=3, Mood=Cnd, Mood=Imp, Mood=Ind, Mood=Pot, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Number[psor]=Plur, Number[psor]=Sing, PartForm=Agt, PartForm=Neg, PartForm=Past, PartForm=Pres, Person=0, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, Person[psor]=1, Person[psor]=2, Person[psor]=3, Polarity=Neg, Style=Arch, Style=Coll, Tense=Past, Tense=Pres, Typo=Yes, VerbForm=Fin, VerbForm=Inf, VerbForm=Part, Voice=Act, Voice=Pass

VERB occurs with 445 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act (3116 tokens). Examples: sai, tuli, sanoi, kertoi, alkoi, voitti, teki, nousi, toimi, jäi

Relations

VERB nodes are attached to their parents using 31 different relations: fi-dep/root (9361; 37% instances), fi-dep/conj (3297; 13% instances), fi-dep/acl (3256; 13% instances), fi-dep/advcl (2440; 10% instances), fi-dep/xcomp (1573; 6% instances), fi-dep/acl:relcl (1526; 6% instances), fi-dep/ccomp (1278; 5% instances), fi-dep/xcomp:ds (754; 3% instances), fi-dep/parataxis (602; 2% instances), fi-dep/_ (220; 1% instances), fi-dep/cc (194; 1% instances), fi-dep/mark (179; 1% instances), fi-dep/csubj:cop (162; 1% instances), fi-dep/csubj (44; 0% instances), fi-dep/nsubj (31; 0% instances), fi-dep/amod (30; 0% instances), fi-dep/appos (28; 0% instances), fi-dep/advmod (20; 0% instances), fi-dep/obl (18; 0% instances), fi-dep/nmod:poss (16; 0% instances), fi-dep/nsubj:cop (15; 0% instances), fi-dep/obj (13; 0% instances), fi-dep/compound:nn (12; 0% instances), fi-dep/nmod (11; 0% instances), fi-dep/orphan (9; 0% instances), fi-dep/fixed (3; 0% instances), fi-dep/discourse (2; 0% instances), fi-dep/dep (1; 0% instances), fi-dep/goeswith (1; 0% instances), fi-dep/nmod:gobj (1; 0% instances), fi-dep/nmod:gsubj (1; 0% instances)

Parents of VERB nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: ROOT (9581; 38% instances), VERB (8420; 34% instances), NOUN (5156; 21% instances), ADJ (819; 3% instances), PRON (526; 2% instances), PROPN (311; 1% instances), ADV (220; 1% instances), NUM (15; 0% instances), X (12; 0% instances), AUX (11; 0% instances), SYM (9; 0% instances), PUNCT (7; 0% instances), INTJ (5; 0% instances), ADP (3; 0% instances), CCONJ (2; 0% instances), SCONJ (1; 0% instances)

1581 (6%) VERB nodes are leaves.

4469 (18%) VERB nodes have one child.

3282 (13%) VERB nodes have two children.

15766 (63%) VERB nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a VERB node is 13.

Children of VERB nodes are attached using 44 different relations: fi-dep/punct (15632; 20% instances), fi-dep/obl (15428; 19% instances), fi-dep/nsubj (10411; 13% instances), fi-dep/obj (10058; 13% instances), fi-dep/advmod (6679; 8% instances), fi-dep/aux (4018; 5% instances), fi-dep/conj (3232; 4% instances), fi-dep/cc (2769; 3% instances), fi-dep/mark (2489; 3% instances), fi-dep/advcl (2159; 3% instances), fi-dep/xcomp (2061; 3% instances), fi-dep/ccomp (1149; 1% instances), fi-dep/xcomp:ds (730; 1% instances), fi-dep/aux:pass (662; 1% instances), fi-dep/parataxis (397; 1% instances), fi-dep/compound:prt (239; 0% instances), fi-dep/acl:relcl (147; 0% instances), fi-dep/discourse (147; 0% instances), fi-dep/cop (133; 0% instances), fi-dep/nsubj:cop (133; 0% instances), fi-dep/orphan (90; 0% instances), fi-dep/vocative (78; 0% instances), fi-dep/csubj (49; 0% instances), fi-dep/_ (37; 0% instances), fi-dep/amod (27; 0% instances), fi-dep/nmod:poss (25; 0% instances), fi-dep/acl (23; 0% instances), fi-dep/det (23; 0% instances), fi-dep/nummod (22; 0% instances), fi-dep/appos (18; 0% instances), fi-dep/cc:preconj (17; 0% instances), fi-dep/nmod (12; 0% instances), fi-dep/case (10; 0% instances), fi-dep/nmod:gobj (6; 0% instances), fi-dep/root (6; 0% instances), fi-dep/dep (5; 0% instances), fi-dep/csubj:cop (4; 0% instances), fi-dep/flat (4; 0% instances), fi-dep/fixed (3; 0% instances), fi-dep/cop:own (2; 0% instances), fi-dep/flat:name (2; 0% instances), fi-dep/compound (1; 0% instances), fi-dep/goeswith (1; 0% instances), fi-dep/nmod:gsubj (1; 0% instances)

Children of VERB nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: NOUN (26622; 34% instances), PUNCT (15630; 20% instances), VERB (8419; 11% instances), ADV (7122; 9% instances), PRON (6092; 8% instances), AUX (4820; 6% instances), PROPN (3251; 4% instances), CCONJ (2662; 3% instances), SCONJ (2307; 3% instances), ADJ (1444; 2% instances), NUM (496; 1% instances), SYM (139; 0% instances), INTJ (77; 0% instances), X (35; 0% instances), ADP (23; 0% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish-FTB)

There are 2437 VERB lemmas (12%), 9666 VERB types (23%) and 30331 VERB tokens (21%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of VERB is: 3 in number of lemmas, 2 in number of types and 2 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent VERB lemmas: olla, ei, tulla, saada, voida, tehdä, pitää, sanoa, mennä, ottaa

The 10 most frequent VERB types: on, ei, oli, en, ole, voi, olla, ovat, olisi, ollut

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: olla (VERB 5212, AUX 3218), ei (VERB 2818, AUX 21), tulla (VERB 850, AUX 131), saada (VERB 645, AUX 4), tehdä (VERB 516, AUX 28), päästä (VERB 143, ADP 9), alkaa (VERB 135, AUX 1), uskoa (VERB 102, NOUN 1), odottaa (VERB 100, AUX 2), istua (VERB 85, NOUN 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: on (VERB 1907, AUX 1382), ei (VERB 1520, AUX 15), oli (VERB 734, AUX 428), en (VERB 231, AUX 1), ole (VERB 371, AUX 181), voi (VERB 273, INTJ 15), olla (VERB 239, AUX 124), ovat (AUX 274, VERB 238), olisi (VERB 213, AUX 66), ollut (VERB 194, AUX 97)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of VERB is 3.966352 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.026917).

The 1st highest number of forms (171) was observed with the lemma “olla”: Liekö, Oiskohan, Olenhan, Oletkohan, Oletkos, Oletpa, Oletteko, Olikohan, Oliks, Olimma, Olisihan, Olisikohan, Olisitteko, Olithan, Olitko, Olitkos, Olitteks, Olkaa, Ollaanpas, Ollaas, Ollako, Ollapa, Oltiinhan, Oltiinkin, Onkohan, Onpa, Ookkonää, Ooksää, Oom, Oommä, Oonksmä, Oottekste, Ous, lie, liene, lienee, lieneekö, lienen, lienevät, o, ois, oisi, oisin, oisko, oj, ol, ole, olekaan, olekin, oleks, olemaan, olemalla, olemme, olemmeko, olen, olenk, olenko, olet, oletkaan, oletko, olette, oleva, olevaa, olevaan, olevalle, olevan, olevana, olevani, olevankaan, olevansa, olevassa, olevat, olevia, olevien, oleviin, olevilla, olevilta, olevinaan, olevissa, olevista, oli, olihan, olii, olija, olikaan, olikii, olikin, oliko, olimme, olin, olinkin, olinko, olis, olisi, olisikin, olisiko, olisimme, olisin, olisit, olisitte, olisivat, oliskin, olisko, olit, olivat, olivatkaan, olkoon, olkoot, olla, ollaa, ollaan, ollakaan, olleen, olleeni, olleenkaan, olleensa, olleet, olleetkin, olleilta, olleita, ollen, ollessa, ollessaan, ollessakaan, ollu, olluj, olluk, ollukkaan, ollukki, ollukko, ollum, ollun, ollut, ollutkaan, ollutta, olluv, oltaessa, oltais, oltaisi, oltas, oltava, oltii, oltiin, oltu, ol´, om, on, onhan, onk, onkaan, onki, onkin, onko, onkos, onks, oo, ook, ookin, ooks, ool, oon, oonko, oot, ootko, ootsä, ootteko, oovat, os, ovat, ovatkin, ovatko.

The 2nd highest number of forms (93) was observed with the lemma “tulla”: Tuleek, Tulehan, Tulenookohan, Tulepa, Tuletteko, Tulevathan, Tulevatko, Tulkaapa, Tulkoon, Tullessani, Tuutteko, tul, tule, tulee, tuleekaan, tuleeko, tuleekohan, tuleeks, tulekaan, tulekin, tulemaan, tulemasta, tulematta, tulemme, tulen, tulene, tules, tulet, tuletko, tulette, tuleva, tulevan, tulevana, tulevansa, tulevasta, tulevat, tulevia, tuli, tuliki, tulikin, tuliko, tulimme, tulin, tulipas, tulis, tulisi, tulisit, tulisivat, tulispa, tulit, tulivat, tulkaa, tulkaahan, tulko, tulkoot, tulla, tullaan, tullakin, tullee, tulleen, tulleena, tulleensa, tulleessa, tulleet, tulleetkin, tulleille, tullen, tullesas, tullessa, tullessaan, tullessaankin, tullu, tullut, tullutkaan, tullutkin, tulna, tultaessa, tultaisiinkin, tultava, tulthin, tultii, tultiin, tultti, tultu, tultua, tultuaan, tultuani, tulukaa, tul´, tuu, tuuhan, tuun, tuut.

The 3rd highest number of forms (82) was observed with the lemma “saada”: Saadessanne, Saanen, Saaraankohan, Saatteks, Saisimmeko, Saisitsä, Saisitte, Saithan, Saitko, Saitkos, saa, saada, saadaan, saadaanko, saadakseen, saadakseni, saadaksesi, saadas, saadessa, saadessaan, saadusta, saahaan, saahak, saako, saamaan, saamaisillaan, saamassa, saamatta, saamiinsa, saamistaan, saamme, saan, saaneen, saaneensa, saaneet, saaneiden, saaneina, saaneita, saanevat, saanhan, saanko, saant, saanu, saanut, saanutta, saat, saataisiin, saataneen, saatava, saatavan, saatavana, saatavilla, saatavissa, saatiin, saatte, saatu, saatuihin, saava, saavan, saavani, saavansa, saavat, saavatkin, saavatko, sai, saikin, saimme, sain, sainpa, sais, saisi, saisikaan, saisikohan, saisin, saisinko, saisit, saisivat, sait, saivat, soanneet, suaha, suap.

VERB occurs with 16 features: fi-feat/VerbForm (30331; 100% instances), fi-feat/Voice (30066; 99% instances), fi-feat/Number (22477; 74% instances), fi-feat/Mood (18552; 61% instances), fi-feat/Person (17635; 58% instances), fi-feat/Tense (16457; 54% instances), fi-feat/Case (9040; 30% instances), fi-feat/InfForm (4619; 15% instances), fi-feat/PartForm (4421; 15% instances), fi-feat/Polarity (2818; 9% instances), fi-feat/Connegative (2216; 7% instances), fi-feat/Clitic (1359; 4% instances), fi-feat/Style (976; 3% instances), fi-feat/Person[psor] (445; 1% instances), fi-feat/Number[psor] (133; 0% instances), fi-feat/Degree (1; 0% instances)

VERB occurs with 60 feature-value pairs: Case=Abe, Case=Abl, Case=Ade, Case=All, Case=Com, Case=Ela, Case=Ess, Case=Gen, Case=Ill, Case=Ine, Case=Ins, Case=Lat, Case=Nom, Case=Par, Case=Tra, Clitic=Han, Clitic=Han,Ko, Clitic=Han,Pa, Clitic=Ka, Clitic=Kaan, Clitic=Kaan,Ko, Clitic=Kin, Clitic=Ko, Clitic=Ko,S, Clitic=Pa, Clitic=Pa,S, Clitic=S, Connegative=Yes, Degree=Cmp, InfForm=1, InfForm=2, InfForm=3, Mood=Cnd, Mood=Imp, Mood=Ind, Mood=Opt, Mood=Pot, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Number[psor]=Plur, Number[psor]=Sing, PartForm=Agt, PartForm=Neg, PartForm=Past, PartForm=Pres, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, Person[psor]=1, Person[psor]=2, Person[psor]=3, Polarity=Neg, Style=Coll, Tense=Past, Tense=Pres, VerbForm=Fin, VerbForm=Inf, VerbForm=Part, Voice=Act, Voice=Pass

VERB occurs with 474 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act (5217 tokens). Examples: on, voi, tulee, pitää, saa, täytyy, sanoo, kuuluu, haluaa, saattaa

Relations

VERB nodes are attached to their parents using 20 different relations: fi-dep/root (12660; 42% instances), fi-dep/aux (6830; 23% instances), fi-dep/acl (2509; 8% instances), fi-dep/conj (2500; 8% instances), fi-dep/advcl (2480; 8% instances), fi-dep/ccomp (1365; 5% instances), fi-dep/xcomp (1116; 4% instances), fi-dep/xcomp:ds (322; 1% instances), fi-dep/csubj (235; 1% instances), fi-dep/csubj:cop (189; 1% instances), fi-dep/dep (49; 0% instances), fi-dep/fixed (30; 0% instances), fi-dep/obj (21; 0% instances), fi-dep/advmod (9; 0% instances), fi-dep/nsubj (8; 0% instances), fi-dep/nmod (3; 0% instances), fi-dep/nmod:own (2; 0% instances), fi-dep/compound (1; 0% instances), fi-dep/nmod:gsubj (1; 0% instances), fi-dep/vocative (1; 0% instances)

Parents of VERB nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: VERB (13400; 44% instances), ROOT (12660; 42% instances), NOUN (2595; 9% instances), ADJ (1161; 4% instances), ADV (164; 1% instances), PRON (140; 0% instances), PROPN (134; 0% instances), NUM (23; 0% instances), DET (15; 0% instances), X (15; 0% instances), INTJ (12; 0% instances), PART (10; 0% instances), ADP (1; 0% instances), PUNCT (1; 0% instances)

7631 (25%) VERB nodes are leaves.

3539 (12%) VERB nodes have one child.

6135 (20%) VERB nodes have two children.

13026 (43%) VERB nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a VERB node is 15.

Children of VERB nodes are attached using 30 different relations: fi-dep/nmod (12359; 19% instances), fi-dep/nsubj (11671; 18% instances), fi-dep/advmod (8679; 13% instances), fi-dep/obj (7664; 12% instances), fi-dep/aux (6203; 9% instances), fi-dep/punct (4173; 6% instances), fi-dep/mark (3006; 5% instances), fi-dep/conj (2351; 4% instances), fi-dep/advcl (2345; 4% instances), fi-dep/cc (1842; 3% instances), fi-dep/ccomp (1592; 2% instances), fi-dep/xcomp (1139; 2% instances), fi-dep/nmod:own (506; 1% instances), fi-dep/expl (396; 1% instances), fi-dep/compound:prt (343; 1% instances), fi-dep/csubj (238; 0% instances), fi-dep/nsubj:cop (182; 0% instances), fi-dep/discourse (162; 0% instances), fi-dep/cop (158; 0% instances), fi-dep/xcomp:ds (143; 0% instances), fi-dep/vocative (117; 0% instances), fi-dep/dep (64; 0% instances), fi-dep/acl (32; 0% instances), fi-dep/det (31; 0% instances), fi-dep/amod (24; 0% instances), fi-dep/fixed (14; 0% instances), fi-dep/case (9; 0% instances), fi-dep/nummod (5; 0% instances), fi-dep/csubj:cop (4; 0% instances), fi-dep/reparandum (1; 0% instances)

Children of VERB nodes belong to 17 different parts of speech: NOUN (21645; 33% instances), VERB (13400; 20% instances), PRON (7684; 12% instances), ADV (6828; 10% instances), PUNCT (4173; 6% instances), PROPN (2831; 4% instances), SCONJ (2681; 4% instances), PART (2344; 4% instances), CCONJ (1859; 3% instances), ADJ (1348; 2% instances), NUM (276; 0% instances), AUX (158; 0% instances), INTJ (149; 0% instances), DET (32; 0% instances), X (27; 0% instances), ADP (14; 0% instances), SYM (4; 0% instances)


VERB in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]