nmod: nominal modifier
The nmod relation is used for nominal dependents of another noun or noun phrase and functionally corresponds to an attribute, or genitive (possessive) complement. In Mandarin, it is expressed with the 的 de particle, as in (1), between the preceding complement and the following head noun. The particle depends on the complement as a case dependent.
# visual-style 3 1 nmod color:blue
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
1 你 _ PRON _ _ 3 nmod _ 2SG
2 的 _ PART _ _ 1 case _ GEN
3 電話 _ NOUN _ _ 0 root _ phone
1 "your _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 phone" _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
Sometimes the particle may be omitted, specifically when the possessor is a pronoun, and often (but not exclusively) when the possessed object is a kinship term, as in (2).
# visual-style 2 1 nmod color:blue
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
1 你 _ PRON _ _ 2 nmod _ 2SG
2 公公 _ NOUN _ _ 0 root _ grandfather
1 "your _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 grandfather" _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
Attributive or associative relations between two nouns, or a pronoun and a noun, may also be expressed with the particle 的 de.
# visual-style 3 1 nmod color:blue
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
1 目前 _ NOUN _ _ 3 nmod _ now
2 的 _ PART _ _ 1 case _ GEN
3 情況 _ NOUN _ _ 0 root _ situation
1 "current _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 situation" _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
# visual-style 3 1 nmod color:blue
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
1 這樣 _ PRON _ _ 3 nmod _ such
2 的 _ PART _ _ 1 case _ GEN
3 體能 _ NOUN _ _ 0 root _ stamina
1 "such _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 stamina" _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
But if a noun modifies another noun without the particle 的 de, and the relationship is not a possessive one, it is treated as a noun-noun compound (see compound).
Treebank Statistics (UD_Chinese)
This relation is universal.
There are 1 language-specific subtypes of nmod: nmod:tmod.
13348 nodes (12%) are attached to their parents as nmod.
13172 instances of nmod (99%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.04779742283488.
The following 52 pairs of parts of speech are connected with nmod: zh-pos/NOUN-zh-pos/NOUN (5852; 44% instances), zh-pos/NOUN-zh-pos/PROPN (2343; 18% instances), zh-pos/PROPN-zh-pos/PROPN (1273; 10% instances), zh-pos/PART-zh-pos/NOUN (1030; 8% instances), zh-pos/NOUN-zh-pos/PART (874; 7% instances), zh-pos/PART-zh-pos/PROPN (629; 5% instances), zh-pos/PART-zh-pos/PART (335; 3% instances), zh-pos/NOUN-zh-pos/PRON (229; 2% instances), zh-pos/ADJ-zh-pos/NOUN (127; 1% instances), zh-pos/ADP-zh-pos/NOUN (105; 1% instances), zh-pos/PROPN-zh-pos/NOUN (88; 1% instances), zh-pos/NOUN-zh-pos/X (75; 1% instances), zh-pos/NOUN-zh-pos/NUM (39; 0% instances), zh-pos/NOUN-zh-pos/ADJ (35; 0% instances), zh-pos/PROPN-zh-pos/PART (29; 0% instances), zh-pos/NUM-zh-pos/NOUN (27; 0% instances), zh-pos/ADP-zh-pos/PART (25; 0% instances), zh-pos/ADJ-zh-pos/PART (24; 0% instances), zh-pos/ADP-zh-pos/PROPN (22; 0% instances), zh-pos/PART-zh-pos/X (22; 0% instances), zh-pos/NOUN-zh-pos/VERB (21; 0% instances), zh-pos/X-zh-pos/NOUN (20; 0% instances), zh-pos/PART-zh-pos/PRON (16; 0% instances), zh-pos/ADJ-zh-pos/PROPN (15; 0% instances), zh-pos/X-zh-pos/PROPN (11; 0% instances), zh-pos/ADJ-zh-pos/PRON (9; 0% instances), zh-pos/PART-zh-pos/VERB (8; 0% instances), zh-pos/X-zh-pos/PART (8; 0% instances), zh-pos/NUM-zh-pos/PROPN (6; 0% instances), zh-pos/X-zh-pos/NUM (6; 0% instances), zh-pos/PART-zh-pos/ADJ (5; 0% instances), zh-pos/ADJ-zh-pos/X (4; 0% instances), zh-pos/PROPN-zh-pos/X (4; 0% instances), zh-pos/ADP-zh-pos/PRON (3; 0% instances), zh-pos/NOUN-zh-pos/DET (3; 0% instances), zh-pos/NUM-zh-pos/PART (3; 0% instances), zh-pos/PRON-zh-pos/NOUN (3; 0% instances), zh-pos/X-zh-pos/X (3; 0% instances), zh-pos/DET-zh-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), zh-pos/PART-zh-pos/NUM (2; 0% instances), zh-pos/PRON-zh-pos/PROPN (2; 0% instances), zh-pos/ADJ-zh-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/ADP-zh-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/ADP-zh-pos/X (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/ADV-zh-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/ADV-zh-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/NUM-zh-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/PRON-zh-pos/PART (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/PRON-zh-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/PROPN-zh-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/SYM-zh-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), zh-pos/SYM-zh-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
# visual-style 9 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9 fgColor:white
# visual-style 9 8 nmod color:blue
1 大 大 ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
2 多數 多數 ADJ JJ _ 6 det _ SpaceAfter=No
3 的 的 PART DEC Case=Gen 2 case:dec _ SpaceAfter=No
4 加長 加長 VERB VV _ 5 case:suff _ SpaceAfter=No
5 型 型 PART SFN _ 6 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
6 禮車 禮車 NOUN NN _ 11 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
7 則是 則是 AUX VC _ 11 cop _ SpaceAfter=No
8 租車 租車 NOUN NN _ 9 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
9 公司 公司 NOUN NN _ 11 det _ SpaceAfter=No
10 的 的 PART DEC Case=Gen 9 case:dec _ SpaceAfter=No
11 財產 財產 NOUN NN _ 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
12 . . PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
# visual-style 20 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 20 fgColor:white
# visual-style 21 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 21 fgColor:white
# visual-style 21 20 nmod color:blue
1 數百萬 數百萬 NUM CD NumType=Card 4 det _ SpaceAfter=No
2 的 的 PART DEC Case=Gen 1 case:dec _ SpaceAfter=No
3 巧克力 巧克力 NOUN NN _ 4 case:suff _ SpaceAfter=No
4 棒 棒 PART SFN _ 6 nsubj:pass _ SpaceAfter=No
5 被 被 VERB BB Voice=Pass 6 aux:pass _ SpaceAfter=No
6 撤下 撤下 VERB VV _ 18 dep _ SpaceAfter=No
7 櫃檯 櫃檯 NOUN NN _ 6 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
8 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
9 而 而 ADV RB _ 12 mark _ SpaceAfter=No
10 瑪氏 瑪氏 PROPN NNP _ 12 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
11 則 則 ADV RB _ 12 mark _ SpaceAfter=No
12 中斷 中斷 VERB VV _ 18 dep _ SpaceAfter=No
13 了 了 PART AS Aspect=Perf 12 case:aspect _ SpaceAfter=No
14 生產 生產 NOUN NN _ 12 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
15 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
16 公司 公司 NOUN NN _ 17 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
17 損失 損失 NOUN NN _ 18 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
18 達 達 VERB VV _ 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
19 四百五十萬 四百五十萬 NUM CD NumType=Card 21 nummod _ SpaceAfter=No
20 美 美 PROPN NNP _ 21 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
21 元 元 NOUN NNB _ 18 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
22 . . PUNCT . _ 18 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
# visual-style 10 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 10 fgColor:white
# visual-style 11 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 11 fgColor:white
# visual-style 11 10 nmod color:blue
1 1355 1355 NUM CD NumType=Card 2 nummod _ SpaceAfter=No
2 年 年 NOUN NNB _ 12 nmod:tmod _ SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
4 勃蘭登堡 勃蘭登堡 PROPN NNP _ 12 nsubj:pass _ SpaceAfter=No
5 被 被 VERB BB Voice=Pass 12 aux:pass _ SpaceAfter=No
6 神聖 神聖 ADJ JJ _ 8 amod _ SpaceAfter=No
7 羅馬 羅馬 PROPN NNP _ 8 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
8 帝國 帝國 NOUN NN _ 9 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
9 皇帝 皇帝 NOUN NN _ 11 appos _ SpaceAfter=No
10 查理 查理 PROPN NNP _ 11 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
11 四世 四世 PROPN NNP _ 12 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
12 升 升 VERB VV _ 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
13 為 為 VERB VC _ 12 mark _ SpaceAfter=No
14 選侯 選侯 VERB VV _ 15 case:suff _ SpaceAfter=No
15 國 國 PART SFN _ 12 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
16 . . PUNCT . _ 12 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
nmod in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]