nmod: nominal modifier
The nmod relation is used for nominal modifiers. They depend either
on another noun (group “noun dependents”) or on a predicate (group
“non-core dependents of clausal predicates”).
nmod is a noun (or noun phrase) functioning as a
non-core (oblique) argument or adjunct.
This means that it functionally corresponds to an adverbial when it attaches to a verb, adjective or other adverb.
But when attaching to a noun, it corresponds to an attribute, or genitive complement.
οι άθλοι του Ηρακλή.Gen
nmod(άθλοι, Ηρακλή.Gen)
The nmod relation can be further specified by the case label assigned to prepositions.
γράψαμε το άρθρο σε έξι ώρες
nmod(γράψαμε, ώρες)
case(γράψαμε, σε)
είδα τις ανταποκρίσεις για το συμβάν
nmod(ανταποκρίσεις, συμβάν)
case(συμβάν, για)
έφυγαν από την Αλεξανδρούπολη με το αεροπλάνο
nmod(έφυγαν, Αλεξανδρούπολη)
nmod(έφυγαν, αεροπλάνο)
case(Αλεξανδρούπολη, από)
case(αεροπλάνο, με)
τελείωσε το διαγώνισμα χωρίς ένα λάθος
nmod(τελείωσε, λάθος)
case(λάθος, χωρίς)
- An exception for Greek is the iobj label assigned to certain nominal elements preceded by σε, από and για prepositions. See iobj for more.
Έδωσε στην Άννα αύξηση
iobj(Έδωσε, Άννα)
obj(Έδωσε, αύξηση)
Ζήτησε από την Ελένη την κούκλα
iobj(Ζήτησε, Ελένη)
obj(Ζήτησε, κούκλα)
nmod is also used for nominal modifiers indicating time, cause, amount etc.:
Θα σε δω την Κυριακή
nmod(δω, Κυριακή)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Greek)
This relation is universal.
6484 nodes (13%) are attached to their parents as nmod.
5600 instances of nmod (86%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.31986428130783.
The following 37 pairs of parts of speech are connected with nmod: el-pos/NOUN-el-pos/NOUN (3641; 56% instances), el-pos/NOUN-el-pos/PRON (752; 12% instances), el-pos/NOUN-el-pos/PROPN (649; 10% instances), el-pos/ADV-el-pos/NOUN (298; 5% instances), el-pos/NOUN-el-pos/X (252; 4% instances), el-pos/X-el-pos/X (225; 3% instances), el-pos/ADJ-el-pos/NOUN (187; 3% instances), el-pos/PROPN-el-pos/PROPN (116; 2% instances), el-pos/NUM-el-pos/NOUN (70; 1% instances), el-pos/PROPN-el-pos/NOUN (53; 1% instances), el-pos/ADV-el-pos/PRON (28; 0% instances), el-pos/ADJ-el-pos/PRON (27; 0% instances), el-pos/ADV-el-pos/PROPN (25; 0% instances), el-pos/ADJ-el-pos/PROPN (20; 0% instances), el-pos/VERB-el-pos/NOUN (18; 0% instances), el-pos/PROPN-el-pos/X (17; 0% instances), el-pos/X-el-pos/NOUN (17; 0% instances), el-pos/X-el-pos/PROPN (17; 0% instances), el-pos/PRON-el-pos/NOUN (12; 0% instances), el-pos/ADJ-el-pos/X (9; 0% instances), el-pos/NUM-el-pos/PRON (9; 0% instances), el-pos/PRON-el-pos/PRON (9; 0% instances), el-pos/NUM-el-pos/PROPN (8; 0% instances), el-pos/ADV-el-pos/X (4; 0% instances), el-pos/NUM-el-pos/X (4; 0% instances), el-pos/VERB-el-pos/PRON (4; 0% instances), el-pos/CCONJ-el-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), el-pos/NOUN-el-pos/ADJ (2; 0% instances), el-pos/ADP-el-pos/X (1; 0% instances), el-pos/NOUN-el-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), el-pos/NOUN-el-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), el-pos/NOUN-el-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances), el-pos/NUM-el-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), el-pos/PRON-el-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), el-pos/PROPN-el-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), el-pos/VERB-el-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), el-pos/VERB-el-pos/X (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 7 nmod color:blue
1 Αυτός αυτός PRON PRON Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Dem 0 root _ _
2 είναι είμαι AUX AUX Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass 1 cop _ _
3 ο ο DET DET Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 5 det _ _
4 αποκλειστικός αποκλειστικός ADJ ADJ Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 amod _ _
5 στόχος στόχος NOUN NOUN Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 nsubj _ _
6 της ο DET DET Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 7 det _ _
7 πρότασης πρόταση NOUN NOUN Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _
8 αυτής αυτός PRON PRON Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Dem 7 det _ SpaceAfter=No
9 . . PUNCT PUNCT _ 1 punct _ _
# visual-style 9 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9 fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 9 nmod color:blue
1 Υπάρχουν υπάρχω VERB VERB Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
2 διάφορες διάφορος ADJ ADJ Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 3 amod _ _
3 εκδοχές εκδοχή NOUN NOUN Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 1 nsubj _ _
4 για για ADP ADP _ 6 case _ _
5 την ο DET DET Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 6 det _ _
6 ετυμολογία ετυμολογία NOUN NOUN Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _
7 του ο DET DET Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 8 det _ _
8 ονόματός όνομα NOUN NOUN Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _
9 της μου PRON PRON Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 8 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT PUNCT _ 1 punct _ _
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 4 nmod color:blue
1 Στα στου ADP ADP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur 2 case _ _
2 χωριά χωριό NOUN NOUN Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur 0 root _ _
3 του ο DET DET Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 5 det _ _
4 Παγγαίου Παγγαίο PROPN PROPN Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _
5 όρους όρος NOUN NOUN Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing 2 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
6 . . PUNCT PUNCT _ 2 punct _ _
nmod in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]