nmod

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`nmod`: nominal modifier

The nmod relation is used for nominal modifiers. They depend on another noun (group “noun dependents”).

nmod is a noun (or noun phrase) functioning as a non-core (oblique) argument or adjunct. This means that it functionally corresponds to an adverbial when it attaches to a verb, adjective or other adverb. But when attaching to a noun, it usually corresponds to a non-agreeing attribute in genitive.

In Russian the nmod relation covers only those possessives that are expressed using the genitive. If a possessive adjective is used, the relation is labeled amod. If a possessive determiner (pronoun) is used, the relation is labeled det.

карта студента \n card of-student
nmod(карта, студента)
nmod(card, of-student)

студенческая карта \n student's card
amod(карта, студенческая)
amod(card, student's)

его карта \n his card
amod(карта, его)
amod(card, his)

Agreeing attribute of a noun

nmod noun phrases attached to nouns are usually in the genitive ru-feat/Case and follow the modified noun. However, there is also a different kind of nmod that precedes the modified noun and agrees with it in case and number. A typical example is a title attached to a name of a person. The relation is similar to the flat relation that links the first and the last name, but it is not labeled flat because the title is not part of the name:

российский президент Владимир Владимирович Путин \n Russian president Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin
amod(президент, российский)
amod(president, Russian)
nmod(Владимир, президент)
nmod(Vladimir, president)
name(Владимир, Путин)
name(Vladimir, Putin)
name(Владимир, Владимирович)
name(Vladimir, Vladimirovich)

Note that the same thing can be also expressed using an apposition. In the case of apposition, the title follows the modified name and is separated by a punctuation symbol:

Владимир Путин , российский президент \n Vladimir Putin , Russian president 
name(Владимир, Путин)
name(Vladimir, Putin)
punct(президент, ,-3)
punct(president, ,-9)
amod(президент, российский)
amod(president, Russian)
appos(Владимир, президент)
appos(Vladimir, president)

Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian)

This relation is universal.

10821 nodes (12%) are attached to their parents as nmod.

10233 instances of nmod (95%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 2.19046298863321.

The following 69 pairs of parts of speech are connected with nmod: ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/NOUN (7466; 69% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/PROPN (1427; 13% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/NOUN (339; 3% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/NOUN (275; 3% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/PROPN (155; 1% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/ADJ (142; 1% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/NOUN (126; 1% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/PRON (126; 1% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/NOUN (111; 1% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/ADV (105; 1% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/NOUN (105; 1% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/PROPN (31; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/PRON (30; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/PRON (26; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/NOUN (26; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/PROPN (25; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/PROPN (24; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/ADV (24; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/DET (23; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/NUM (23; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/ADJ (21; 0% instances), ru-pos/PUNCT-ru-pos/NOUN (19; 0% instances), ru-pos/DET-ru-pos/NOUN (14; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/VERB (14; 0% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/ADV (14; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/PRON (10; 0% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/ADJ (10; 0% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/NUM (8; 0% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/PRON (7; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/ADP (6; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/ADV (5; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/NUM (5; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/ADJ (5; 0% instances), ru-pos/DET-ru-pos/PRON (5; 0% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/PROPN (5; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/ADJ (4; 0% instances), ru-pos/PRON-ru-pos/NOUN (4; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/ADP (3; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/VERB (3; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/PUNCT (3; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/SYM (3; 0% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/ADJ (3; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/PRON (3; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/NUM (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/PUNCT (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/SYM (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/ADP (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/SYM (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/NUM (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/PRON (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/PUNCT-ru-pos/PROPN (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/PROPN (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/DET (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/CCONJ-ru-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/PART-ru-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/DET (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/PUNCT-ru-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/PUNCT-ru-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/PUNCT-ru-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/PUNCT-ru-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 7	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 7 nmod	color:blue
1	Барыкина	БАРЫКИН	PROPN	NNP	Animacy=Anim|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
2	иногда	ИНОГДА	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	называют	НАЗЫВАТЬ	VERB	VBC	Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	``	``	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	отцом	ОТЕЦ	NOUN	NN	Animacy=Anim|Case=Ins|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	3	advmod	_	_
6	русского	РУССКИЙ	ADJ	JJL	Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	7	amod	_	_
7	регги	РЕГГИ	NOUN	NN	Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	&#39;&#39;	&#39;&#39;	PUNCT	&#39;&#39;	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_

# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 2 nmod	color:blue
1	Вышивки	ВЫШИВКА	NOUN	NN	Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	Полесья	ПОЛЕСЬЕ	PROPN	NNP	Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
3	--	--	PUNCT	--	_	4	punct	_	_
4	простые	ПРОСТОЙ	ADJ	JJL	Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	и	И	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	четкие	ЧЕТКИЙ	ADJ	JJL	Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	по	ПО	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	композиции	КОМПОЗИЦИЯ	NOUN	NN	Animacy=Inan|Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_

# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 2 nmod	color:blue
1	О	О	ADP	IN	_	0	root	_	_
2	лечении	ЛЕЧЕНИЕ	NOUN	NN	Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
3	и	И	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	профилактике	ПРОФИЛАКТИКА	NOUN	NN	Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	в	В	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	статье	СТАТЬЯ	NOUN	NN	Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	неврит	НЕВРИТ	NOUN	NN	Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_

Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian-SynTagRus)

This relation is universal.

98000 nodes (10%) are attached to their parents as nmod.

89837 instances of nmod (92%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 2.02187755102041.

# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 2 nmod	color:blue
1	Определения	определение	NOUN	_	Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur	0	root	0:root	_
2	алгоритма	алгоритм	NOUN	_	Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	1	nmod	1:nmod	SpaceAfter=No
3	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	2	punct	2:punct	_

# visual-style 7	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7	fgColor:white
# visual-style 6	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6	fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 7 nmod	color:blue
1	1811	1811	NUM	_	_	0	root	0:root	_
2	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	1	punct	1:punct	_
3	Первое	первый	ADJ	_	Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	4	amod	4:amod	_
4	восхождение	восхождение	NOUN	_	Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	1	parataxis	1:parataxis	_
5	на	на	ADP	_	_	6	case	6:case	_
6	вершину	вершина	NOUN	_	Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	4	nmod	4:nmod	_
7	Юнгфрау	юнгфрау	PROPN	_	Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	6	nmod	6:nmod	_
8	в	в	ADP	_	_	10	case	10:case	_
9	Бернских	бернский	ADJ	_	Case=Loc|Degree=Pos|Number=Plur	10	amod	10:amod	_
10	Альпах	альпы	PROPN	_	Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur	6	nmod	6:nmod	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	10	punct	10:punct	_

# visual-style 7	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 7 nmod	color:blue
1	До	до	ADP	_	_	4	advmod	4:advmod	_
2	сих	сей	DET	_	Case=Gen|Number=Plur	1	fixed	1:fixed	_
3	пор	пора	NOUN	_	Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur	2	fixed	2:fixed	_
4	идут	идти	VERB	_	Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	0	root	0:root	_
5	споры	спор	NOUN	_	Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur	4	nsubj	4:nsubj	_
6	о	о	ADP	_	_	7	case	7:case	_
7	том	то	PRON	_	Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	5	nmod	5:nmod	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	7	punct	7:punct	_
9	достигли	достигать	VERB	_	Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	7	acl	7:acl	_
10	они	они	PRON	_	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3	9	nsubj	9:nsubj	_
11	вершины	вершина	NOUN	_	Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	9	obl	9:obl	_
12	или	или	CCONJ	_	_	9	orphan	13.1:cc	_
13	нет	нет	PART	_	_	9	orphan	13.1:advmod	SpaceAfter=No
13.1	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	9:conj	_

nmod in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]

nmod: nominal modifier

Agreeing attribute of a noun

Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian)

Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian-SynTagRus)

`nmod`: nominal modifier