xcomp: open clausal complement
An open clausal complement (xcomp) of a verb or an adjective is a predicative or clausal complement without its own subject. The reference of the subject is necessarily determined by an argument external to the xcomp. This is often referred to as obligatory control.
In Norwegian xcomp is used for infinitival clauses
Han har tidligere lovet å vende tilbake \n He has previously promised to return
xcomp(lovet,vende)
This relation is also used for cases of obligatory secondary predication
presidentens ambisiøse helseplan kjørte seg fullstendig fast \n the president's ambitious health plan got completely stuck
xcomp(kjørte,fast)
xcomp is also used for copula-like verbs such as bli “become”, kalle “call”, hete “named” in Norwegian.
Mennesket kan bli edelt \n Man can become noble
xcomp(bli,edelt)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Norwegian-Bokmaal)
This relation is universal.
3607 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as xcomp.
3544 instances of xcomp (98%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.98696978098143.
The following 34 pairs of parts of speech are connected with xcomp: no-pos/VERB-no-pos/VERB (1168; 32% instances), no-pos/VERB-no-pos/ADJ (1116; 31% instances), no-pos/VERB-no-pos/NOUN (933; 26% instances), no-pos/NOUN-no-pos/NOUN (88; 2% instances), no-pos/VERB-no-pos/ADV (55; 2% instances), no-pos/VERB-no-pos/PROPN (51; 1% instances), no-pos/VERB-no-pos/PRON (40; 1% instances), no-pos/VERB-no-pos/ADP (38; 1% instances), no-pos/NOUN-no-pos/ADJ (18; 0% instances), no-pos/PROPN-no-pos/NOUN (18; 0% instances), no-pos/VERB-no-pos/NUM (16; 0% instances), no-pos/VERB-no-pos/DET (11; 0% instances), no-pos/NOUN-no-pos/ADP (8; 0% instances), no-pos/ADJ-no-pos/NOUN (5; 0% instances), no-pos/ADJ-no-pos/VERB (5; 0% instances), no-pos/NOUN-no-pos/VERB (5; 0% instances), no-pos/VERB-no-pos/X (5; 0% instances), no-pos/PROPN-no-pos/ADJ (4; 0% instances), no-pos/NOUN-no-pos/PRON (3; 0% instances), no-pos/NOUN-no-pos/PROPN (3; 0% instances), no-pos/PRON-no-pos/NOUN (3; 0% instances), no-pos/NOUN-no-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), no-pos/ADJ-no-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), no-pos/ADJ-no-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), no-pos/ADP-no-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), no-pos/ADP-no-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), no-pos/ADV-no-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), no-pos/ADV-no-pos/DET (1; 0% instances), no-pos/NUM-no-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), no-pos/NUM-no-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), no-pos/PRON-no-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), no-pos/PRON-no-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), no-pos/PRON-no-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), no-pos/PROPN-no-pos/DET (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 5 xcomp color:blue
1 Ap Ap PROPN _ Abbr=Yes 2 nsubj _ _
2 ønsker ønske VERB _ Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
3 ikke ikke ADV _ Polarity=Neg 2 advmod _ _
4 å å PART _ _ 5 mark _ _
5 så så VERB _ VerbForm=Inf 2 xcomp _ _
6 tvil tvil NOUN _ Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obj _ _
7 om om ADP _ _ 10 mark _ _
8 at at SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ _
9 de de PRON _ Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ _
10 tror tro VERB _ Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 acl _ _
11 på på ADP _ _ 14 case _ _
12 ny ny ADJ _ Definite=Ind|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing 14 amod _ _
13 rødgrønn rødgrønn ADJ _ Definite=Ind|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing 14 amod _ _
14 valgseier valgseier NOUN _ Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
15 . $. PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ _
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 4 xcomp color:blue
1 Det det PRON _ Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _
2 blir bli VERB _ Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
3 mer mye ADJ _ Degree=Cmp 4 advmod _ _
4 forsettlig forsettlig ADJ _ Definite=Ind|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing 2 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No
5 . $. PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ _
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 4 xcomp color:blue
1 Det det PRON _ Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _
2 ble bli VERB _ Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
3 rene ren ADJ _ Degree=Pos|Number=Plur 4 amod _ _
4 ord ord NOUN _ Definite=Ind|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur 2 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No
5 : $: PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Norwegian-Nynorsk)
This relation is universal.
3398 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as xcomp.
3345 instances of xcomp (98%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 3.15509123013537.
The following 38 pairs of parts of speech are connected with xcomp: no-pos/VERB-no-pos/ADJ (1060; 31% instances), no-pos/VERB-no-pos/VERB (992; 29% instances), no-pos/VERB-no-pos/NOUN (853; 25% instances), no-pos/ADJ-no-pos/NOUN (80; 2% instances), no-pos/NOUN-no-pos/NOUN (58; 2% instances), no-pos/VERB-no-pos/PRON (53; 2% instances), no-pos/VERB-no-pos/ADP (48; 1% instances), no-pos/ADJ-no-pos/ADJ (45; 1% instances), no-pos/VERB-no-pos/ADV (43; 1% instances), no-pos/VERB-no-pos/PROPN (33; 1% instances), no-pos/NOUN-no-pos/ADJ (25; 1% instances), no-pos/VERB-no-pos/DET (17; 1% instances), no-pos/ADJ-no-pos/VERB (14; 0% instances), no-pos/PROPN-no-pos/NOUN (14; 0% instances), no-pos/NOUN-no-pos/ADP (13; 0% instances), no-pos/VERB-no-pos/NUM (11; 0% instances), no-pos/ADJ-no-pos/PROPN (6; 0% instances), no-pos/VERB-no-pos/X (5; 0% instances), no-pos/PROPN-no-pos/ADP (3; 0% instances), no-pos/ADJ-no-pos/ADP (2; 0% instances), no-pos/ADJ-no-pos/DET (2; 0% instances), no-pos/ADJ-no-pos/X (2; 0% instances), no-pos/PRON-no-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), no-pos/PROPN-no-pos/ADJ (2; 0% instances), no-pos/VERB-no-pos/INTJ (2; 0% instances), no-pos/ADJ-no-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), no-pos/ADP-no-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), no-pos/NOUN-no-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), no-pos/NOUN-no-pos/DET (1; 0% instances), no-pos/NOUN-no-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), no-pos/NOUN-no-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), no-pos/NOUN-no-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), no-pos/NUM-no-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), no-pos/NUM-no-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), no-pos/PRON-no-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), no-pos/PRON-no-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), no-pos/SCONJ-no-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), no-pos/X-no-pos/X (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 8 xcomp color:blue
1 Ha ha VERB _ Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
2 i i ADP _ _ 1 compound:prt _ _
3 kyllingkjøtdeigen kyllingkjøtdeig NOUN _ Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
4 , $, PUNCT _ _ 1 punct _ _
5 og og CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ _
6 steik steikje VERB _ Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 1 conj _ _
7 den den PRON _ Gender=Fem,Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 obj _ _
8 gyllen gyllen ADJ _ Definite=Ind|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing 6 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No
9 . $. PUNCT _ _ 1 punct _ _
# visual-style 10 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 10 fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 10 xcomp color:blue
1 Hell helle VERB _ Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
2 kjøtdeigen kjøtdeig NOUN _ Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obj _ _
3 på på ADP _ _ 5 case _ _
4 ein ein DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 5 det _ _
5 tallerken tallerken NOUN _ Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
6 , $, PUNCT _ _ 1 punct _ _
7 og og CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ _
8 la la VERB _ Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 1 conj _ _
9 den den PRON _ Gender=Fem,Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 iobj _ _
10 kolne kolne VERB _ VerbForm=Inf 8 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No
11 . $. PUNCT _ _ 1 punct _ _
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 4 xcomp color:blue
1 Grekarane grekar NOUN _ Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _
2 vert verte VERB _ Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
3 ikkje ikkje ADV _ Polarity=Neg 2 advmod _ _
4 tyskarar tyskar NOUN _ Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 xcomp _ _
5 same same DET _ Definite=Def|PronType=Dem 6 obl _ _
6 kor kor ADV _ _ 7 advmod _ _
7 mykje mykje ADJ _ Definite=Ind|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing 9 advmod _ _
8 du du PRON _ Animacy=Hum|Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _
9 prøver prøve VERB _ Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . $. PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ _
xcomp in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]