xcomp

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`xcomp`: open clausal complement

An (xcomp) label is used in cases of obligatory coreference between the subject of a finite να-clause, which is not present as a separate word, and an argument (subject or object) of the higher clause.



  
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Ο γιατρός δεν ήξερε να του πει την αλήθεια. 
xcomp(ήξερε, πει)
{
    "text": "Ο γιατρός δεν ήξερε να του πει την αλήθεια. ",
    "entities": [
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        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 14, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 20, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 23, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T7", "token", [ [ 27, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 31, 34 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 35, 43 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "xcomp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T7" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}



  
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Οι μεταφορείς αναγκάζουν τους οδηγούς να οδηγούν ασταμάτητα 
iobj(αναγκάζουν, οδηγούς)
xcomp(αναγκάζουν, οδηγούν)
{
    "text": "Οι μεταφορείς αναγκάζουν τους οδηγούς να οδηγούν ασταμάτητα ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 14, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 25, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 30, 37 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 38, 40 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 41, 48 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 49, 59 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "iobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R2", "xcomp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T7" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

There are some cases where the implied subject of both clauses is present in the complement clause. In these cases, we attach the subject to the verb of the complement clause.

Άρχισαν να λένε οι πολιτικοί την αλήθεια στον κόσμο ; 
xcomp(Άρχισαν, λένε)
nsubj(λένε, πολιτικοί)

The xcomp relation is also used for labelling obligatory predicatives in clauses where the verb heading the construction is not the copula είμαι

Ο Γιάννης υπήρξε πρότυπο ανθρώπου 
xcomp(υπήρξε, πρότυπο)

Αυτή η συμπεριφορά μοιάζει παρορμητική .
xcomp(μοιάζει, παρορμητική)

Η σημερινή ημέρα αποτελεί αφετηρία εξελίξεων 
xcomp(αποτελεί, αφετηρία)

Τον εξέλεξαν βουλευτή 
xcomp(εξέλεξαν, βουλευτή)

διορίστηκε επιστημονικός συνεργάτης 
xcomp(διορίστηκε, συνεργάτης)

διορίστηκε ως επιστημονικός συνεργάτης 
xcomp(διορίστηκε, συνεργάτης)
case(συνεργάτης, ως)

περνιέται για ωραίος
xcomp(περνιέται, ωραίος)
case(ωραίος, για)

This relation is also used for the small list of resultatives like

έβαψε το σπίτι μπλε
dobj(έβαψε, σπίτι)
xcomp(έβαψε, μπλε)

έκοψε τα μαλιά της κοντά
dobj(έκοψε, μαλιά)
xcomp(έκοψε, κοντά)

έκανε το άρθρο αγνώριστο
dobj(έκανε, άρθρο)
xcomp(έκανε, αγνώριστο)

For other optional secondary predicates of an adverbial nature, see advcl.

Treebank Statistics (UD_Greek)

This relation is universal.

197 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as xcomp.

185 instances of xcomp (94%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 1.96446700507614.

The following 8 pairs of parts of speech are connected with xcomp: el-pos/VERB-ADJ (107; 54% instances), el-pos/VERB-el-pos/NOUN (70; 36% instances), el-pos/VERB-el-pos/VERB (10; 5% instances), el-pos/VERB-el-pos/NUM (3; 2% instances), el-pos/VERB-el-pos/PRON (3; 2% instances), el-pos/VERB-el-pos/PROPN (2; 1% instances), el-pos/NOUN-el-pos/NUM (1; 1% instances), el-pos/VERB-el-pos/ADV (1; 1% instances).

# visual-style 7	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7	fgColor:white
# visual-style 6	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6	fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 7 xcomp	color:blue
1	Πολλοί	πολύς	ADJ	ADJ	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	από	από	ADP	ADP	_	3	case	_	_
3	αυτούς	αυτός	PRON	PRON	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Dem	1	det	_	_
4	κινδυνεύουν	κινδυνεύω	VERB	VERB	Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
5	να	να	PART	PART	_	6	aux	_	_
6	μείνουν	μένω	VERB	VERB	Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	4	ccomp	_	_
7	άστεγοι	άστεγος	ADJ	ADJ	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	4	punct	_	_

# visual-style 9	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 9 xcomp	color:blue
1	Εμείς	εγώ	PRON	PRON	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	στην	στου	ADP	ADP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	3	case	_	_
3	Αυστρία	Αυστρία	PROPN	PROPN	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	το	εγώ	PRON	PRON	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	expl	_	_
5	αποκαλούμε	αποκαλώ	VERB	VERB	Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
6	αυτό	αυτός	PRON	PRON	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Dem	5	obj	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	η	ο	DET	DET	Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	αρχή	αρχή	NOUN	NOUN	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	5	xcomp	_	_
10	του	ο	DET	DET	Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Florian	Florian	X	X	Foreign=Yes	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	"	"	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	5	punct	_	_

# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 5 xcomp	color:blue
1	Οι	ο	DET	DET	Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	μισοί	μισός	ADJ	ADJ	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur	3	amod	_	_
3	Γάλλοι	Γάλλος	PROPN	PROPN	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	θεωρούν	θεωρώ	VERB	VERB	Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
5	αυξημένη	αυξημένος	VERB	VERB	Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	xcomp	_	_
6	την	ο	DET	DET	Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	τρομοκρατική	τρομοκρατικός	ADJ	ADJ	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	8	amod	_	_
8	απειλή	απειλή	NOUN	NOUN	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_

xcomp in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]

xcomp: open clausal complement

Treebank Statistics (UD_Greek)

`xcomp`: open clausal complement