discourse: discourse element
Discourse elements are interjections, exclamations or emoticons. They are attached to the main verb or predicative of the
sentence with the discourse dependency type.
Жоқ , Айгүлдің күшігі жоқ . \n No , Aygül's dog not-existing-is .
discourse(жоқ-5, Жоқ-1)
nsubj(жоқ-5, күшігі-4)
And another example:
Жоқ , хат жазып берейін . \n No , letter writing let-me .
discourse(жазып-4, Жоқ-1)
The discourse label is also used for modal words, and the question word (ма):
Ал Айгүлдің күшігі бар ма ? \n And Aygül's dog existing-is does-it ?
discourse(бар-4, ма-5)
nsubj(бар-4, күшігі-3)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Kazakh)
This relation is universal.
6 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as discourse.
6 instances of discourse (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.
The following 3 pairs of parts of speech are connected with discourse: kk-pos/ADJ-kk-pos/PART (3; 50% instances), kk-pos/PROPN-kk-pos/PART (2; 33% instances), kk-pos/VERB-kk-pos/PART (1; 17% instances).
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1 Кім кім PRON prn Case=Nom|PronType=Int 2 nsubj _ _
2 біледі біл VERB v Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT cm _ 2 punct _ _
4 Тәңірінің Тәңір NOUN n Case=Gen|Number[psor]=Plur,Sing|Person[psor]=3 7 nsubj _ _
5 Шолпанға Шолпан PROPN np Case=Dat|Gender=Fem 7 obl _ _
6 бала бала NOUN n Case=Nom 7 obj _ _
7 бермеуі бер VERB v Case=Nom|Number[psor]=Plur,Sing|Person[psor]=3|Polarity=Neg|VerbForm=Ger 9 csubj _ _
8 өзінше өз PRON prn Number[psor]=Plur,Sing|Person[psor]=3|PronType=Ref 9 advmod _ _
9 дұрыс дұрыс ADJ adj _ 2 parataxis _ _
10 шығар шығар PART mod _ 9 discourse _ _
11 , , PUNCT cm _ 9 punct _ _
12 өзінше өз PRON prn Number[psor]=Plur,Sing|Person[psor]=3|PronType=Ref 13 advmod _ _
13 жөн жөн ADJ adj _ 2 parataxis _ _
14 шығар шығар PART mod _ 13 discourse _ _
15 . . PUNCT sent _ 13 punct _ _
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1 Пірәдар пірәдар NOUN n Case=Nom 0 root _ _
2 болды бол AUX v Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 1 cop _ SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT cm _ 1 punct _ _
4 әулиеге әулие NOUN n Case=Dat 6 obl _ _
5 ат ат NOUN n Case=Nom 6 obj _ _
6 айтты айт VERB v Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 1 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No
7 , , PUNCT cm _ 6 punct _ _
8 қорасанға қорасан NOUN n Case=Dat 10 obl _ _
9 қой қой NOUN n Case=Nom 10 obj _ _
10 айтты айт VERB v Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 1 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No
11 : : PUNCT sent _ 10 punct _ _
12 « « PUNCT lquot _ 17 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
13 Жасаған Жасаған PROPN np Case=Nom 17 vocative _ _
14 ау ау PART mod_emo _ 13 discourse _ _
15 , , PUNCT cm _ 13 punct _ _
16 бала бала NOUN n Case=Nom 17 obj _ _
17 бере бер VERB v Aspect=Imp|VerbForm=Cov 22 ccomp _ _
18 гөр гөр AUX vaux Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin 17 aux _ SpaceAfter=No
19 ! ! PUNCT sent _ 17 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
20 » » PUNCT rquot _ 17 punct _ _
21 – – PUNCT guio _ 17 punct _ _
22 деді де VERB v Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 1 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No
23 . . PUNCT sent _ 22 punct _ _
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1 « « PUNCT lquot _ 8 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
2 бала бала NOUN n _ 8 advcl _ _
3 лы лы ADP post _ 2 case _ _
4 болсам бол AUX v Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=1|VerbForm=Conv 2 cop _ SpaceAfter=No
5 , , PUNCT cm _ 2 punct _ _
6 әдемі әдемі ADJ adj _ 7 amod _ _
7 өмірім өмір NOUN n Case=Nom|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=1 8 nsubj _ _
8 бұз бұз VERB v Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass 13 ccomp _ _
9 ау ау PART mod_emo _ 8 discourse _ _
10 » » PUNCT rquot _ 8 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
11 , , PUNCT cm _ 8 punct _ _
12 – – PUNCT guio _ 8 punct _ _
13 деп де VERB v Aspect=Perf|VerbForm=Conv 14 advcl _ _
14 ойлайтын ойла VERB v Aspect=Imp|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _
15 еді е AUX cop Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 cop _ _
16 Шолпан Шолпан PROPN np Case=Nom|Gender=Fem 14 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
17 ... ... PUNCT sent _ 14 punct _ _
discourse in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]