mark: marker
A marker is the word introducing a clause subordinate to another clause. The marker is a dependent of the subordinate clause head.
Il dit que tu aimes nager \n He says that you like to swim
mark(aimes, que)
S' il pleut , on sera mouillé \n If it rains, we will get wet
mark(pleut, S')
Prepositions introducing infinitives are also analyzed as mark.
Il faut arriver tôt pour avoir de la place \n One needs to get there early to have a seat
mark(avoir, pour)
Here are some examples from FrenchSpoken:
il faudra que les parents l' acceptent \n the parents will have to accept it
mark(acceptent,que)
on n' arrive plus à maintenir des clientèles \n we can't manage to keep the customers anymore
mark(maintenir,à)
Note that in the phrase dès que, que is considered as a marker by FrenchSpoken (and not analyzed with fixed as it may be done in other corpora of the French treebank). dès is thus analyzed as a preposition, dependent of the finite verb of the clause. The fact that the clause following the dès can commute with a simple nominal phrase justifies this analysis. For instance, in the following example, que son mari est arrivé (in dès que son mari est arrivé) can commute with son arrivée (dès son arrivée).
Muriel a quitté la pièce dès que son mari est arrivé . \n Muriel left the room as soon as her husband arrived.
mark(arrivé,que)
case(arrivé,dès)
Treebank Statistics (UD_French)
This relation is universal.
6296 nodes (2%) are attached to their parents as mark.
6276 instances of mark (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.80098475222363.
The following 35 pairs of parts of speech are connected with mark: fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/ADP (3875; 62% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/SCONJ (1436; 23% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/ADV (509; 8% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/SCONJ (134; 2% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/SCONJ (133; 2% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/ADP (40; 1% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/ADV (36; 1% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/ADP (25; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/ADV (16; 0% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/ADV (16; 0% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/SCONJ (13; 0% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/ADJ (12; 0% instances), fr-pos/PROPN-fr-pos/SCONJ (6; 0% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/CCONJ (6; 0% instances), fr-pos/NUM-fr-pos/SCONJ (4; 0% instances), fr-pos/PROPN-fr-pos/ADP (4; 0% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/NOUN (4; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/ADV (3; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/SCONJ (3; 0% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/ADP (3; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/DET-fr-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/NUM-fr-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/CCONJ (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/INTJ-fr-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/NUM-fr-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/PART-fr-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/PART (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/PROPN-fr-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/DET (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/PART (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances).
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# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 3 mark color:blue
1 Elle elle PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _
2 lutte lutter VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
3 pour pour ADP _ _ 4 mark _ _
4 échapper échapper VERB _ VerbForm=Inf 2 advcl _ _
5 à à ADP _ _ 7 case _ _
6 les le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 7 det _ _
7 tueurs tueur NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 obl _ _
8 à à ADP _ _ 10 case _ _
9 ses son DET _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ _
10 trousses trousses NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 4 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
11 . . PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ _
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# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 10 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 10 fgColor:white
# visual-style 10 7 mark color:blue
1 Il il PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _
2 n' ne ADV _ Polarity=Neg 6 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
3 est être AUX _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _
4 pas pas ADV _ Polarity=Neg 6 advmod _ _
5 aussi aussi ADV _ _ 6 advmod _ _
6 anxieux anxieux ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
7 qu' que SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ SpaceAfter=No
8 il il PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ _
9 y y PRON _ _ 10 expl _ _
10 paraît paraître VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No
11 . . PUNCT _ _ 6 punct _ _
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# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 2 1 mark color:blue
1 Comme comme ADV _ _ 2 mark _ _
2 dirait dire VERB _ Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 parataxis _ _
3 quelqu'un quelqu'un PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
4 , , PUNCT _ _ 10 punct _ _
5 je il PRON _ Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ _
6 ne ne ADV _ Polarity=Neg 10 advmod _ _
7 suis être AUX _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 cop _ _
8 pas pas ADV _ Polarity=Neg 10 advmod _ _
9 une un DET _ Definite=Ind|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 10 det _ _
10 girouette girouette NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
11 ! ! PUNCT _ _ 10 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_French-ParTUT)
This relation is universal.
555 nodes (3%) are attached to their parents as mark.
554 instances of mark (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 3.78198198198198.
The following 13 pairs of parts of speech are connected with mark: fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/ADP (271; 49% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/SCONJ (197; 35% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/SCONJ (28; 5% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/SCONJ (22; 4% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/ADV (16; 3% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/ADP (6; 1% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/ADJ (5; 1% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/SCONJ (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/SCONJ (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/DET-fr-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/PUNCT-fr-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances).
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# visual-style 10 fgColor:white
# visual-style 10 7 mark color:blue
1 le le DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 2 det _ _
2 titre titre NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
3 de de ADP E _ 5 case _ _
4 l' le DET RD Definite=Def|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 5 det _ SpaceAfter=No
5 oeuvre oeuvre NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _
6 originale originale ADJ A Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 amod _ _
7 s' si ADP E _ 10 mark _ SpaceAfter=No
8 il il PRON PE Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj:pass _ _
9 est être AUX VA Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux:pass _ _
10 indiqué indiquer VERB V Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 2 acl _ SpaceAfter=No
11 ; ; PUNCT FC _ 2 punct _ _
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# visual-style 12 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 12 fgColor:white
# visual-style 12 9 mark color:blue
1 Monsieur monsieur NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 vocative _ _
2 Cox Cox PROPN SP _ 1 flat _ SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT FF _ 1 punct _ _
4 monsieur monsieur NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 vocative _ _
5 Hänsch Hänsch PROPN SP _ 4 flat _ SpaceAfter=No
6 , , PUNCT FF _ 4 punct _ _
7 est être VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
8 -ce ce PRON PD Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Dem 7 nsubj _ _
9 que que SCONJ CS _ 12 mark _ _
10 cela cela PRON PD Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Dem 12 nsubj _ _
11 vous vous PRON PE Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 12 iobj _ _
12 convient convenir VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No
13 ? ? PUNCT FS _ 7 punct _ _
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# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 9 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9 fgColor:white
# visual-style 9 6 mark color:blue
1 Je je PRON PE Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _
2 crois croire VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
3 qu' que SCONJ CS _ 5 mark _ SpaceAfter=No
4 il il PRON PE Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ _
5 faut falloir VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 ccomp _ _
6 que que SCONJ CS _ 9 mark _ _
7 nous nous PRON PE Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _
8 soyons être AUX VA Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _
9 capables capable ADJ A Number=Plur 5 ccomp _ _
10 de de ADP E _ 12 mark _ _
11 le le PRON P Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obj _ _
12 dire dire VERB V VerbForm=Inf 9 advcl _ _
13 haut haut ADV _ _ 12 advmod _ _
14 et et CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _
15 fort fort ADV _ _ 13 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
16 . . PUNCT FS _ 2 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_French-Sequoia)
This relation is universal.
1270 nodes (2%) are attached to their parents as mark.
1270 instances of mark (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 3.53149606299213.
The following 16 pairs of parts of speech are connected with mark: fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/ADP (664; 52% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/SCONJ (404; 32% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/SCONJ (65; 5% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/SCONJ (51; 4% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/ADP (25; 2% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/ADV (22; 2% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/ADP (14; 1% instances), fr-pos/PROPN-fr-pos/SCONJ (10; 1% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/SCONJ (5; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/PROPN-fr-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances).
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# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 1 mark color:blue
1 à à ADP _ _ 2 mark _ _
2 conserver conserver VERB _ VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _
3 à à ADP _ _ 5 case _ _
4 le le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 5 det _ _
5 réfrigérateur réfrigérateur NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ _
6 ( ( PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
7 entre entre ADP _ _ 9 case _ _
8 2 2 NUM _ NumType=Card 9 nummod _ _
9 °C °C NOUN _ _ 2 obl _ _
10 et et CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ _
11 8 8 NUM _ NumType=Card 12 nummod _ _
12 °C °C NOUN _ _ 9 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
13 ) ) PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
14 . . PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ _
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# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
# visual-style 12 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 12 fgColor:white
# visual-style 12 8 mark color:blue
1 Je il PRON _ Number=Sing|Person=1 5 nsubj _ _
2 dois devoir AUX _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _
3 toutefois toutefois ADV _ _ 5 advmod _ _
4 être être AUX _ VerbForm=Inf 5 cop _ _
5 honnête honnête ADJ _ Number=Sing 0 root _ _
6 et et CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ _
7 dire dire VERB _ VerbForm=Inf 5 conj _ _
8 que que SCONJ _ _ 12 mark _ _
9 personne personne PRON _ Number=Sing|PronType=Rel 12 nsubj _ _
10 ne ne ADV _ _ 12 advmod _ _
11 les le PRON _ Number=Plur|Person=3 12 obj _ _
12 aide aider VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No
13 . . PUNCT _ _ 5 punct _ _
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# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 10 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 10 fgColor:white
# visual-style 10 6 mark color:blue
1 Je il PRON _ Number=Sing|Person=1 3 nsubj _ _
2 ne ne ADV _ Polarity=Neg 3 advmod _ _
3 pense penser VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
4 vraiment vraiment ADV _ _ 5 advmod _ _
5 pas pas ADV _ Polarity=Neg 3 advmod _ _
6 que que SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ _
7 cela cela PRON _ Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 10 nsubj _ _
8 soit être AUX _ Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 cop _ _
9 un un DET _ Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 10 det _ _
10 problème problème NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No
11 . . PUNCT _ _ 3 punct _ _
mark in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]