mark: marker
Marker indicating clause status. For subordinate clauses, this is the subordinating conjunction or particle, such as ϫⲉ introducing the object clause of direct or indirect speech, a relative pronoun such as ⲉⲧ, or an adverbial subordination, such as the circumstantial converter ⲉ/ⲉⲣⲉ. In Coptic, some main clauses also have marker elements determining clause status, which are morphologically and paradigmatically comparable to subordinators: the focalizing and preterit converters. As a result, all converters (POS tags CCIRC, CREL, CPRET and CFOC) are treated as mark, modifying their clause’s predicate, but also non-converter conjunctions with similar functions (e.g. ⲉⲛⲉ ‘if’) as shown in the examples below.
ⲉⲛⲉ/CONJ ⲛⲧⲕ/PRON ⲟⲩ/DET ⲉⲛⲧⲏϭ/NOUN \n If you were a weed
mark(ⲉⲛⲧⲏϭ, ⲉⲛⲉ)
nsubj(ⲉⲛⲧⲏϭ, ⲛⲧⲕ)
det(ⲉⲛⲧⲏϭ, ⲟⲩ)
ⲉ/SCONJ ⲕ/PRON ⲧⲣⲩⲫⲁ/VERB \n While you live luxuriously
mark(ⲧⲣⲩⲫⲁ, ⲉ)
nsubj(ⲧⲣⲩⲫⲁ, ⲕ)
ⲉ/PART ⲓ/PPERS ϣⲁϫⲉ/VERB ⲉⲣⲟ/PRON \n It’s YOU I’m talking to!
mark(ϣⲁϫⲉ, ⲉ)
nsubj(ϣⲁϫⲉ, ⲓ)
nmod(ϣⲁⲭⲉ, ⲉⲣⲟ)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Coptic)
This relation is universal.
682 nodes (8%) are attached to their parents as mark.
682 instances of mark (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.37390029325513.
The following 25 pairs of parts of speech are connected with mark: cop-pos/VERB-cop-pos/SCONJ (299; 44% instances), cop-pos/VERB-cop-pos/CCONJ (144; 21% instances), cop-pos/VERB-cop-pos/ADP (54; 8% instances), cop-pos/VERB-cop-pos/PART (45; 7% instances), cop-pos/VERB-cop-pos/AUX (33; 5% instances), cop-pos/NOUN-cop-pos/SCONJ (16; 2% instances), cop-pos/NOUN-cop-pos/CCONJ (15; 2% instances), cop-pos/PRON-cop-pos/SCONJ (15; 2% instances), cop-pos/ADV-cop-pos/SCONJ (13; 2% instances), cop-pos/PRON-cop-pos/CCONJ (12; 2% instances), cop-pos/AUX-cop-pos/ADP (6; 1% instances), cop-pos/NOUN-cop-pos/AUX (6; 1% instances), cop-pos/DET-cop-pos/CCONJ (4; 1% instances), cop-pos/DET-cop-pos/SCONJ (3; 0% instances), cop-pos/VERB-cop-pos/ADV (3; 0% instances), cop-pos/AUX-cop-pos/CCONJ (2; 0% instances), cop-pos/CCONJ-cop-pos/CCONJ (2; 0% instances), cop-pos/NOUN-cop-pos/PART (2; 0% instances), cop-pos/PROPN-cop-pos/CCONJ (2; 0% instances), cop-pos/ADP-cop-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances), cop-pos/DET-cop-pos/AUX (1; 0% instances), cop-pos/DET-cop-pos/PART (1; 0% instances), cop-pos/NUM-cop-pos/AUX (1; 0% instances), cop-pos/PART-cop-pos/CCONJ (1; 0% instances), cop-pos/X-cop-pos/CCONJ (1; 0% instances).
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1 ϣⲛ ϣⲛ VERB V _ 0 root _ _
2 ϩⲧⲏ ϩⲏⲧ NOUN N _ 1 obj _ _
3 ⲕ ⲛⲧⲟⲕ PRON PPERO _ 2 det _ _
4 ϭⲉ ϭⲉ PART PTC _ 1 advmod _ _
5 ϩⲁ ϩⲁ ADP PREP _ 7 case _ _
6 ⲡⲉⲕ ⲡⲉⲕ DET PPOS _ 7 det _ _
7 ⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲗⲁⲟⲥ NOUN N _ 1 obl _ _
8 ⲡ ⲡ DET ART _ 9 det _ _
9 ϩⲁⲣϣϩⲏⲧ ϩⲁⲣϣϩⲏⲧ NOUN N _ 1 vocative _ _
10 ⲉⲧⲉ ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ SCONJ CREL _ 11 mark _ _
11 ⲛⲁϣⲉ ⲛⲁϣⲉ VERB VBD _ 9 acl _ _
12 ⲡⲉϥ ⲡⲉϥ DET PPOS _ 13 det _ _
13 ⲛⲁ ⲛⲁ NOUN N _ 11 nsubj _ _
14 · · PUNCT PUNCT _ 1 punct _ _
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1 ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲱ CCONJ CONJ _ 2 cc _ _
2 ⲡⲉϫⲁ ⲡⲉϫⲉ VERB VBD _ 0 root _ _
3 ⲩ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ PRON PPERS _ 2 nsubj _ _
4 ⲛⲁ ⲛⲁ ADP PREP _ 5 case _ _
5 ϥ ⲛⲧⲟϥ PRON PPERO _ 2 obl _ _
6 ϫⲉ ϫⲉ CCONJ CONJ _ 8 mark _ _
7 ⲥⲉ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ PRON PPERS _ 8 nsubj _ _
8 ⲕⲱⲧⲉ ⲕⲱⲧⲉ VERB V _ 2 ccomp _ _
9 ⲛⲥⲱ ⲛⲥⲁ ADP PREP _ 10 case _ _
10 ⲕ ⲛⲧⲟⲕ PRON PPERO _ 8 obl _ _
11 ⲧⲏⲣ ⲧⲏⲣ ADV IMOD _ 8 advmod _ _
12 ⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ PRON PPERO _ 11 det _ _
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1 ⲉ ⲉⲣⲉ SCONJ CCIRC _ 2 mark _ _
2 ⲙⲛ ⲙⲛ VERB EXIST _ 0 root _ _
3 ϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲣⲉ NOUN N _ 2 nsubj _ _
4 ⲉ ⲉⲣⲉ SCONJ CCIRC _ 5 mark _ _
5 ⲙⲛ ⲙⲛ VERB EXIST _ 2 conj _ _
6 ⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ NOUN N _ 5 nsubj _ _
7 ⲉ ⲉⲣⲉ SCONJ CCIRC _ 8 mark _ _
8 ⲙⲛ ⲙⲛ VERB EXIST _ 2 conj _ _
9 ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ NOUN N _ 8 nsubj _ _
10 ⲛϩⲏⲧ ϩⲛ ADP PREP _ 11 case _ _
11 ⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ PRON PPERO _ 2 obl _ _
12 ϩⲟⲗⲱⲥ ϩⲟⲗⲱⲥ ADV ADV _ 2 advmod _ _
13 ⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲙⲙⲁⲩ ADV ADV _ 2 advmod _ _
14 ⲉⲧⲃⲉ ⲉⲧⲃⲉ ADP PREP _ 18 mark _ _
15 ϫⲉ ϫⲉ CCONJ CONJ _ 18 mark _ _
16 ⲁ ⲁ AUX APST _ 18 aux _ _
17 ⲩ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ PRON PPERS _ 18 nsubj _ _
18 ⲡⲱⲧ ⲡⲱⲧ VERB V _ 2 advcl _ _
19 . . PUNCT PUNCT _ 2 punct _ _
mark in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]