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This page pertains to UD version 2.

PUNCT: punctuation

Definition

Punctuation marks are non-alphabetical characters and character groups used to delimit linguistic units in printed text.

Punctuation is not taken to include logograms such as $, %, and §, which are instead tagged as SYM.

Examples

Diffs

Prague Dependency Treebank

The PDT texts are from the early 1990s and there are no e-mail addresses. If they were there, the PDT tokenization rules would break them up on all dots and at signs. The same holds for telephone numbers. For example, tel.: (05) 4321 6014  is analyzed as eight tokens (NOUN PUNCT PUNCT PUNCT NUM PUNCT NUM NUM).

References

Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech)

There are 26 PUNCT lemmas (0%), 27 PUNCT types (0%) and 195598 PUNCT tokens (15%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of PUNCT is: 14 in number of lemmas, 15 in number of types and 2 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PUNCT lemmas: ,, ., -, “, ), (, :, ?, /, *

The 10 most frequent PUNCT types: ,, ., -, “, ), (, :, ?, /, *

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: / (PUNCT 634, SYM 14), * (PUNCT 576, SYM 9), o (ADP 9109, PUNCT 85, NOUN 10, ADJ 3, INTJ 2), x (SYM 115, NOUN 15, PUNCT 3)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: / (PUNCT 634, SYM 14), * (PUNCT 576, SYM 9), o (ADP 8538, ADJ 105, PUNCT 84, NOUN 4), x (SYM 115, NOUN 9, PUNCT 3)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PUNCT is 1.038462 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.162583).

The 1st highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “-”: -, -103.

The 2nd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “!”: !.

The 3rd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “””: ”.

PUNCT does not occur with any features.

Relations

PUNCT nodes are attached to their parents using 3 different relations: cs-dep/punct (195552; 100% instances), cs-dep/root (24; 0% instances), cs-dep/conj (22; 0% instances)

Parents of PUNCT nodes belong to 17 different parts of speech: VERB (102998; 53% instances), NOUN (36259; 19% instances), ADJ (23111; 12% instances), PROPN (17320; 9% instances), NUM (10498; 5% instances), ADV (3013; 2% instances), DET (1086; 1% instances), PRON (535; 0% instances), PART (391; 0% instances), PUNCT (135; 0% instances), CCONJ (71; 0% instances), INTJ (52; 0% instances), SYM (40; 0% instances), ADP (37; 0% instances), SCONJ (26; 0% instances), ROOT (24; 0% instances), AUX (2; 0% instances)

195527 (100%) PUNCT nodes are leaves.

21 (0%) PUNCT nodes have one child.

32 (0%) PUNCT nodes have two children.

18 (0%) PUNCT nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PUNCT node is 23.

Children of PUNCT nodes are attached using 11 different relations: cs-dep/punct (132; 71% instances), cs-dep/obl (11; 6% instances), cs-dep/obj (10; 5% instances), cs-dep/conj (8; 4% instances), cs-dep/nsubj (8; 4% instances), cs-dep/nummod (6; 3% instances), cs-dep/dep (4; 2% instances), cs-dep/cc (3; 2% instances), cs-dep/advmod (2; 1% instances), cs-dep/nmod (2; 1% instances), cs-dep/ccomp (1; 1% instances)

Children of PUNCT nodes belong to 8 different parts of speech: PUNCT (135; 72% instances), NOUN (29; 16% instances), NUM (12; 6% instances), ADV (3; 2% instances), CCONJ (3; 2% instances), ADJ (2; 1% instances), PROPN (2; 1% instances), VERB (1; 1% instances)

Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CAC)

There are 10 PUNCT lemmas (0%), 10 PUNCT types (0%) and 58704 PUNCT tokens (12%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of PUNCT is: 13 in number of lemmas, 14 in number of types and 3 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PUNCT lemmas: ,, ., -, “, :, (, ), ?, ‘, /

The 10 most frequent PUNCT types: ,, ., -, “, :, (, ), ?, ‘, /

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas:

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types:

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PUNCT is 1.000000 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.180683).

The 1st highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “””: ”.

The 2nd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “’”: ’.

The 3rd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “(”: (.

PUNCT occurs with 1 features: cs-feat/Abbr (1; 0% instances)

PUNCT occurs with 1 feature-value pairs: Abbr=Yes

PUNCT occurs with 2 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is _ (58703 tokens). Examples: ,, ., -, “, :, (, ), ?, ‘, /

Relations

PUNCT nodes are attached to their parents using 2 different relations: cs-dep/punct (58696; 100% instances), cs-dep/conj (8; 0% instances)

Parents of PUNCT nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: VERB (32515; 55% instances), NOUN (13357; 23% instances), ADJ (8964; 15% instances), PROPN (1408; 2% instances), ADV (1123; 2% instances), DET (519; 1% instances), NUM (317; 1% instances), SYM (218; 0% instances), PRON (132; 0% instances), PART (62; 0% instances), SCONJ (54; 0% instances), CCONJ (12; 0% instances), AUX (10; 0% instances), INTJ (9; 0% instances), ADP (2; 0% instances), PUNCT (2; 0% instances)

58700 (100%) PUNCT nodes are leaves.

1 (0%) PUNCT nodes have one child.

1 (0%) PUNCT nodes have two children.

2 (0%) PUNCT nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PUNCT node is 4.

Children of PUNCT nodes are attached using 7 different relations: cs-dep/case (2; 20% instances), cs-dep/dep (2; 20% instances), cs-dep/punct (2; 20% instances), cs-dep/acl (1; 10% instances), cs-dep/mark (1; 10% instances), cs-dep/nmod (1; 10% instances), cs-dep/obl (1; 10% instances)

Children of PUNCT nodes belong to 7 different parts of speech: ADV (2; 20% instances), CCONJ (2; 20% instances), PUNCT (2; 20% instances), ADJ (1; 10% instances), SCONJ (1; 10% instances), SYM (1; 10% instances), VERB (1; 10% instances)

Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CLTT)

There are 25 PUNCT lemmas (1%), 25 PUNCT types (1%) and 2782 PUNCT tokens (10%). Out of 15 observed tags, the rank of PUNCT is: 8 in number of lemmas, 10 in number of types and 4 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PUNCT lemmas: ,, ., (1), (2), ;, (, ), (3), (4), (5)

The 10 most frequent PUNCT types: ,, ., (1), (2), ;, (, ), (3), (4), (5)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: - (X 18, PUNCT 15), / (SYM 2, PUNCT 2)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: - (X 18, PUNCT 15), / (PUNCT 2, SYM 2)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PUNCT is 1.000000 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.685169).

The 1st highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “(”: (.

The 2nd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “(1)”: (1).

The 3rd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “(10)”: (10).

PUNCT does not occur with any features.

Relations

PUNCT nodes are attached to their parents using 2 different relations: cs-dep/punct (2780; 100% instances), cs-dep/conj (2; 0% instances)

Parents of PUNCT nodes belong to 10 different parts of speech: VERB (1450; 52% instances), NOUN (959; 34% instances), ADJ (204; 7% instances), NUM (76; 3% instances), X (74; 3% instances), ADV (8; 0% instances), PRON (6; 0% instances), PUNCT (2; 0% instances), SYM (2; 0% instances), DET (1; 0% instances)

2780 (100%) PUNCT nodes are leaves.

2 (0%) PUNCT nodes have one child.

The highest child degree of a PUNCT node is 1.

Children of PUNCT nodes are attached using 1 different relations: cs-dep/punct (2; 100% instances)

Children of PUNCT nodes belong to 1 different parts of speech: PUNCT (2; 100% instances)

PUNCT in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]