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PART: particle

Definition

Particles are function words that must be associated with another word or phrase to impart meaning and that do not satisfy definitions of other universal parts of speech (e.g. adpositions, coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions or auxiliary verbs).

In Slovenian, particles, such as ja “yes” and ne “no”, are always tagged as particles regardless whether they are used as as modal particles (Ne motiš se. “You are not wrong”) or as fedback particles that are not associated with another word or phrase (Ne, motiš se. “No, you are wrong.”).

Examples

• tudi “also”
• ne “no/not”
• še “yet/more”
• že “already”
• le “only/just”
• naj “should”
• samo “only”
• prav “ok/just”
• predvsem “mostly”
• sicer “else”
• celo “even”
• seveda “of course”

Conversion from JOS

All particles are converted to PART.

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Slovenian)

There are 44 PART lemmas (0%), 49 PART types (0%) and 3714 PART tokens (3%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of PART is: 10 in number of lemmas, 11 in number of types and 13 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PART lemmas: tudi, ne, še, že, le, naj, prav, samo, sicer, več

The 10 most frequent PART types: tudi, ne, še, že, le, naj, prav, samo, sicer, več

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: ne (PART 674, CCONJ 20), naj (PART 176, SCONJ 50), prav (PART 116, ADV 15), sicer (PART 77, CCONJ 5), več (DET 158, PART 74), niti (PART 43, CCONJ 14), zlasti (PART 12, ADV 1), da (SCONJ 1598, PART 5, X 2)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: ne (PART 602, CCONJ 19), naj (PART 167, SCONJ 46), prav (PART 86, ADV 13, VERB 2), samo (PART 98, ADJ 7), sicer (PART 55, CCONJ 5), več (DET 152, PART 74), celo (PART 57, ADJ 4), niti (PART 37, CCONJ 13), ravno (PART 27, ADJ 1), zlasti (PART 10, ADV 1)

• ne
  • PART 602: Trenutna zakonodaja ne odraža zahtev in potreb industrijskih podjetij .
  • CCONJ 19: Vendar o krvi ni ne duha ne sluha .
• naj
  • PART 167: S tem naj bi bila zagotovljena objektivnost .
  • SCONJ 46: Nato je vstal in pomignil Diegu , naj gre z njim .
• prav
  • PART 86: Simpatična uradna stran z nekaj prav zanimivimi rubrikami .
  • ADV 13: Spet bi imela prav .
  • VERB 2: Se prav , da ostanem sam .
• samo
  • PART 98: Sekou ni prenehal igrati , samo stegnil je vrat , ko me je vprašal :
  • ADJ 7: Evharistični Kruh naj napravlja iz nas eno samo telo .
• sicer
  • PART 55: Sodišče sicer ni dvomilo , da je bila res pretepena .
  • CCONJ 5: Evropa mora ohraniti kulture , ki so jo ustvarile , sicer bo usahnila .
• več
  • DET 152: Za zadovoljitev pomembne želje so pripravljeni vložiti več truda .
  • PART 74: Tragika te ženske : na koncu ji noben zdravnik ni več verjel .
• celo
  • PART 57: V takšnem primeru se lahko bolnikovo stanje celo poslabša .
  • ADJ 4: Oblasti v Šanghaju , enem največjih mest na Kitajskem , so se zelo resno zavzele za izboljšanje podobe mesta in v ta namen sprejele celo vrsto ukrepov .
• niti
  • PART 37: Če te ne bi bilo , ne bi pomagal niti izredno ugoden splet okoliščin .
  • CCONJ 13: Niti mogočna mati niti kraljevski oče Zevs je nista mogla rešiti krute usode .
• ravno
  • PART 27: Bojim pa se , da ne bodo ravno realni .
  • ADJ 1: Usedite se na stol pred ogledalom in roko , s katero boste vlekli črto , naslonite na ravno in trdo podlago .
• zlasti
  • PART 10: Zlatovčice so zelo dobre in kot hrana zelo pomembne zlasti za ljudi na severu Kanade .
  • ADV 1: Navznoter pa deluje v tem svetu še posebna logika , ki jo oblikuje denar in še zlasti njegov pomen .

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PART is 1.113636 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.870691).

The 1st highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “samo”: sam, samo, samó.

The 2nd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “naj”: naj, nej.

The 3rd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “tudi”: tud, tudi.

PART occurs with 1 features: sl-feat/Polarity (613; 17% instances)

PART occurs with 1 feature-value pairs: Polarity=Neg

PART occurs with 2 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is _ (3101 tokens). Examples: tudi, še, že, le, naj, prav, samo, sicer, več, seveda

Relations

PART nodes are attached to their parents using 8 different relations: sl-dep/advmod (3552; 96% instances), sl-dep/mark (54; 1% instances), sl-dep/discourse (48; 1% instances), sl-dep/fixed (39; 1% instances), sl-dep/cc:preconj (12; 0% instances), sl-dep/root (5; 0% instances), sl-dep/cc (3; 0% instances), sl-dep/obj (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PART nodes belong to 12 different parts of speech: VERB (2879; 78% instances), ADJ (432; 12% instances), NOUN (197; 5% instances), ADV (86; 2% instances), DET (47; 1% instances), NUM (23; 1% instances), CCONJ (18; 0% instances), PART (13; 0% instances), PRON (8; 0% instances), ROOT (5; 0% instances), PROPN (4; 0% instances), SCONJ (2; 0% instances)

3585 (97%) PART nodes are leaves.

119 (3%) PART nodes have one child.

9 (0%) PART nodes have two children.

1 (0%) PART nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PART node is 3.

Children of PART nodes are attached using 3 different relations: sl-dep/fixed (77; 55% instances), sl-dep/punct (62; 44% instances), sl-dep/case (1; 1% instances)

Children of PART nodes belong to 6 different parts of speech: PUNCT (62; 44% instances), SCONJ (47; 34% instances), PART (13; 9% instances), ADV (11; 8% instances), CCONJ (6; 4% instances), ADP (1; 1% instances)

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Slovenian-SST)

There are 45 PART lemmas (1%), 45 PART types (1%) and 1787 PART tokens (9%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of PART is: 10 in number of lemmas, 11 in number of types and 4 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PART lemmas: ne, ja, tudi, še, že, no, samo, pač, seveda, naj

The 10 most frequent PART types: ne, ja, tudi, še, že, no, samo, pač, seveda, naj

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: da (SCONJ 342, PART 11, X 1), prav (PART 11, ADV 7), več (DET 22, PART 11), sicer (CCONJ 14, PART 10), ravno (PART 4, ADV 1), edino (PART 1, ADV 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: še (PART 141, X 1), samo (PART 74, ADJ 1), ma (PART 12, X 1), da (SCONJ 342, VERB 11, PART 11, X 1), prav (PART 11, ADV 7, VERB 1), več (DET 22, PART 11), sicer (CCONJ 14, PART 10), celo (PART 6, ADJ 2), ravno (PART 4, ADV 1), edino (ADV 1, ADJ 1, PART 1)

• še
  • PART 141: še vedno rajši tako v malih zasedbah bolj ne ?
  • X 1: [name:personal] ti to kar še [gap] seštej
• samo
  • PART 74: samo barva ne
  • ADJ 1: eee izkušnja v letih za samo vzdrževanje eee cest eee ta nivo vzdrževanja tako imenovani standard je padel po v letih nazaj pod petdeset procentov
• ma
  • PART 12: ma tlele sem tole slamo postavil balo tlele sem premaknil
  • X 1: ti ma [gap] okej razen pač tvojo predstavitev deset do petnajst pol pa še pogovora toliko ne
• da
  • SCONJ 342: da ne bo časa zl [gap] [gap] manjkal slučajno
  • VERB 11: prosim če se le da v pravopisno čim bolj čisti nekako mmm podobi
  • PART 11: da da
  • X 1: genau wo ist den das ? ach so da
• prav
  • PART 11: in sicer prav tako v sredo doma
  • ADV 7: jaz mislim da je danes prav da se zahvalimo tudi policistom in tem vojakom
  • VERB 1: eno veterinarko prav
• več
  • DET 22: dosti je več tako ni ne videti
  • PART 11: ne ne bom več [all:laughter] ampak ne ful mi je dober
• sicer
  • CCONJ 14: in sicer prav tako v sredo doma
  • PART 10: je sicer centralni branilec
• celo
  • PART 6: vemo da ima rada škofjo loko celo njen zmenek v blaževi ulici nam je znan
  • ADJ 2: jaz sem prej tako celo skledo teh flancatov snedla
• ravno
  • PART 4: ravno prav ravno pravšnja eee eee moč mora biti a ne
  • ADV 1: ravno ne … vav … kam pa greš ?
• edino
  • ADV 1: edino to da se nisi bal da te bo kdo počil kje
  • ADJ 1: edino če od prodaje [gap]
  • PART 1: ne edino če starši se trudijo ne ampak ja ja ja

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PART is 1.000000 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.494596).

The 1st highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “alora”: alora.

The 2nd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “arki”: arki.

The 3rd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “baje”: baje.

PART occurs with 1 features: sl-feat/Polarity (194; 11% instances)

PART occurs with 1 feature-value pairs: Polarity=Neg

PART occurs with 2 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is _ (1593 tokens). Examples: ja, ne, tudi, še, že, no, samo, pač, seveda, naj

Relations

PART nodes are attached to their parents using 13 different relations: sl-dep/advmod (815; 46% instances), sl-dep/discourse (754; 42% instances), sl-dep/root (129; 7% instances), sl-dep/fixed (30; 2% instances), sl-dep/cc (19; 1% instances), sl-dep/conj (11; 1% instances), sl-dep/parataxis (10; 1% instances), sl-dep/cc:preconj (6; 0% instances), sl-dep/advcl (3; 0% instances), sl-dep/mark (3; 0% instances), sl-dep/orphan (3; 0% instances), sl-dep/reparandum (3; 0% instances), sl-dep/ccomp (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PART nodes belong to 13 different parts of speech: VERB (1064; 60% instances), NOUN (193; 11% instances), ROOT (129; 7% instances), ADJ (105; 6% instances), ADV (104; 6% instances), PART (64; 4% instances), DET (41; 2% instances), PRON (26; 1% instances), PROPN (22; 1% instances), INTJ (14; 1% instances), NUM (11; 1% instances), CCONJ (10; 1% instances), X (4; 0% instances)

1665 (93%) PART nodes are leaves.

74 (4%) PART nodes have one child.

29 (2%) PART nodes have two children.

19 (1%) PART nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PART node is 7.

Children of PART nodes are attached using 18 different relations: sl-dep/discourse (53; 26% instances), sl-dep/punct (41; 20% instances), sl-dep/fixed (29; 14% instances), sl-dep/cc (18; 9% instances), sl-dep/reparandum (14; 7% instances), sl-dep/advmod (12; 6% instances), sl-dep/discourse:filler (8; 4% instances), sl-dep/parataxis (6; 3% instances), sl-dep/obj (5; 2% instances), sl-dep/conj (3; 1% instances), sl-dep/expl (3; 1% instances), sl-dep/mark (3; 1% instances), sl-dep/nsubj (3; 1% instances), sl-dep/orphan (2; 1% instances), sl-dep/advcl (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/flat:foreign (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/nmod (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/obl (1; 0% instances)

Children of PART nodes belong to 12 different parts of speech: PART (64; 31% instances), X (35; 17% instances), ADV (22; 11% instances), CCONJ (20; 10% instances), PUNCT (19; 9% instances), INTJ (14; 7% instances), SCONJ (10; 5% instances), PRON (9; 4% instances), VERB (5; 2% instances), ADJ (2; 1% instances), DET (2; 1% instances), NOUN (2; 1% instances)

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PART in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]

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