home fi/pos edit page issue tracker
This page still pertains to UD version 1.

PART: particle

The UD Finnish annotation does not use the PART part of speech. See ADV, ADP, CCONJ, SCONJ, INTJ for tags applying to words that have been termed “particles” in some descriptions of Finnish.

References

Diffs

FinnTreeBank

The FI_FTB-corpus follows the general UD documentation in recognizing the particle as a part-of-speech category. The specification between PART, ADV and ADP has been carried out as in ISK § 792 (in Finnish).

Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish-FTB)

There are 201 PART lemmas (1%), 298 PART types (1%) and 5117 PART tokens (4%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of PART is: 9 in number of lemmas, 10 in number of types and 8 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PART lemmas: niin, jo, myös, vielä, vain, kyllä, ihan, sitten, nyt, enää

The 10 most frequent PART types: niin, jo, myös, vielä, vain, kyllä, ihan, enää, nyt, kuitenkin

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: niin (PART 565, ADV 131), jo (PART 317, PROPN 1), vielä (PART 279, ADV 7), sitten (ADV 234, PART 120, ADP 52), nyt (ADV 437, PART 113), vasta (PART 78, ADV 4), vaan (CCONJ 110, PART 77), juuri (PART 76, ADV 18, NOUN 8), kai (PART 68, PROPN 1), vaikka (SCONJ 181, PART 66, CCONJ 3)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: niin (PART 404, ADV 114), nyt (ADV 309, PART 106), sitten (PART 89, ADV 88, ADP 51), vasta (PART 71, ADV 2), juuri (PART 70, ADV 18), vaan (CCONJ 110, PART 66), noin (PART 54, ADV 15), vaikka (SCONJ 124, PART 58, CCONJ 2), aika (PART 56, NOUN 36), tota (PART 32, DET 6)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PART is 1.482587 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.026917).

The 1st highest number of forms (9) was observed with the lemma “kyllä”: Kylläpä, kyl, kylhän, kyllä, kyllähän, kylläkin, kylläkään, kylläpäs, kylä.

The 2nd highest number of forms (8) was observed with the lemma “niinkuin”: niiku, niinko, niinku, niinkuin, niinkun, nikun, ninku, ninkun.

The 3rd highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “vielä”: viel, vielä, vieläk, vieläkin, vieläkö, viä, viäl.

PART occurs with 3 features: Style (415; 8% instances), Clitic (105; 2% instances), Abbr (78; 2% instances)

PART occurs with 10 feature-value pairs: Abbr=Yes, Clitic=Han, Clitic=Kaan, Clitic=Kin, Clitic=Ko, Clitic=Ko,S, Clitic=Pa, Clitic=Pa,S, Clitic=S, Style=Coll

PART occurs with 14 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is _ (4523 tokens). Examples: niin, jo, myös, vielä, vain, kyllä, ihan, enää, nyt, kuitenkin

Relations

PART nodes are attached to their parents using 7 different relations: advmod (4608; 90% instances), mark (320; 6% instances), dep (70; 1% instances), fixed (54; 1% instances), root (40; 1% instances), conj (24; 0% instances), nmod (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PART nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: VERB (2344; 46% instances), NOUN (842; 16% instances), ADJ (764; 15% instances), ADV (474; 9% instances), NUM (215; 4% instances), PRON (179; 3% instances), PROPN (84; 2% instances), DET (80; 2% instances), PART (68; 1% instances), ROOT (40; 1% instances), ADP (11; 0% instances), SCONJ (10; 0% instances), INTJ (4; 0% instances), PUNCT (1; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)

4697 (92%) PART nodes are leaves.

360 (7%) PART nodes have one child.

53 (1%) PART nodes have two children.

7 (0%) PART nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PART node is 4.

Children of PART nodes are attached using 16 different relations: punct (305; 63% instances), fixed (83; 17% instances), advmod (24; 5% instances), conj (24; 5% instances), discourse (14; 3% instances), cc (10; 2% instances), nummod (8; 2% instances), dep (4; 1% instances), acl (3; 1% instances), cop (3; 1% instances), nsubj:cop (3; 1% instances), amod (2; 0% instances), vocative (2; 0% instances), case (1; 0% instances), mark (1; 0% instances), nmod (1; 0% instances)

Children of PART nodes belong to 13 different parts of speech: PUNCT (305; 63% instances), PART (68; 14% instances), SCONJ (30; 6% instances), ADV (23; 5% instances), CCONJ (14; 3% instances), INTJ (14; 3% instances), VERB (10; 2% instances), NUM (8; 2% instances), NOUN (5; 1% instances), PRON (4; 1% instances), ADJ (3; 1% instances), AUX (3; 1% instances), ADP (1; 0% instances)

PART in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]