PART: particle
Definition
Particles are function words that must be associated with another word or phrase to impart meaning and that do not satisfy definitions of other universal parts of speech (e.g., adpositions, coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions or auxiliary verbs).
Examples
- ci,là in demonstrative determiners such as ce gars-ci “this guy”
- euphonic t in “a-t-il” for example
- ne,n’ in the double negation marker “ne … pas” (pas is tagged as
ADV)
Treebank Statistics (UD_French)
There are 19 PART lemmas (0%), 21 PART types (0%) and 300 PART tokens (0%).
Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of PART is: 15 in number of lemmas, 16 in number of types and 16 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent PART lemmas: l’, t, ‘s, ci, ne, là, ex, to, up, ‘s’
The 10 most frequent PART types: l’, -t, ‘s, -ci, n’, -là, ne, ci, ex, to
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: l’ (PART 156, PROPN 2, DET 2), t (PART 80, NOUN 1), ’s (PART 28, X 5), ci (PART 8, ADV 1), ne (ADV 1559, PART 8), là (ADV 75, PART 4), ex (NOUN 4, INTJ 2, PART 2, ADP 2, X 1), to (ADP 6, PART 2), di (ADP 22, X 1, PART 1, PROPN 1), not (ADV 2, PART 1)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: l’ (DET 6061, PRON 259, PART 149, PROPN 2), ’s (PART 29, X 5, AUX 3, VERB 1), -ci (PART 6, ADV 1), n’ (ADV 764, PART 5), -là (ADV 10, PART 3), ne (ADV 774, PART 3, VERB 1), ci (PART 2, ADV 1), ex (NOUN 4, INTJ 2, PART 2, ADP 2, X 1), to (ADP 5, PART 1), di (ADP 22, PROPN 1, PART 1, X 1)
- l’
- DET 6061: Tarzan , l’ homme singe , règne en maître sur son domaine , la jungle .
- PRON 259: Il aurait alors distribué des terres à les Gascons qui l’ auraient aidé .
- PART 149: C’ est l’ une de les trois banlieues où ce trafic domine .
- PROPN 2: Les tableaux religieux , souvent situés dans la région rurale de la Lys , sont probablement imités de Pieter Bruegel l’ Ancien .
- ’s
- PART 29: Résultats détaillés de l’ édition 1896 de le tournoi de tennis U.S. National Champ ’s .
- X 5: Elle est administrée par le Florida Community College ’s Board of Trustees , dont la présidente est Helen Aguirre Ferré .
- AUX 3: Toutes les chansons sont de David Bowie et Reeves Gabrels , sauf What ’s Really Happening ?
- VERB 1: K. Melua participe à le concert de bienfaisance Band Aid 20 en novembre 2004 , à le cours de lequel elle rejoint un chœur de pop-stars britanniques et irlandaises pour une reprise de Do They Know It ’s Christmas ?
- -ci
- n’
- -là
- ne
- ci
- ex
- NOUN 4: Cette colline héberge d’ ailleurs le réservoir municipal qui alimente une bonne partie de la commune ( L’ Epinoy par ex ) .
- INTJ 2: Son titre est enregistré à le Répertoire national de les certifications professionnelles ( ex homologation ) .
- PART 2: La ville compte ou a compté de très nombreux résidents célèbres dont Diana Ross , Mel Gibson , le catcheur de la WWE Triple H ( Paul Levesque ) , Tommy Hilfiger , Richard Attias , Vince McMahon , Patricia MacDonald et Cécilia Attias , ex Sarkozy .
- ADP 2: Les membres de le Conseil législatif siègent ex officio .
- X 1: Certaines erreurs judiciaires résultent d’ une entente de la police et de la justice dans un but médiatique ( ex : affaire d’ Outreau ) .
- to
- di
- ADP 22: À cette époque , le Provéditeur assumait le titre de Patron di guardia .
- PROPN 1: Valerio Agnoli commence sa carrière professionnelle en 2005 à le sein de l’ équipe Naturino-Sapore di Mare , qui prend le nom d’ Aurum Hotels en 2007 .
- PART 1: Pour le mode négatif , il n’ y a pas de réponse pour les composés di - et tri - BDE , pour le tetra-BDE , le rapport signal sur bruit est faible , mais pour les composés penta - à déca - BDE la réponse est excellente .
- X 1: Le territoire très varié , les monuments de les villes , la gastronomie locale , dont les produits typiques sont , entres autres , la polenta frioulane , blanche , rousse et jaune , les asperges blanches et vertes de le Frioul , le “ radic di mont “ de la Carnie et le “ lidric cul poç “ de le Bas-Frioul , les jambons crus de San Daniele del Friuli ( AOC ) , de Sauris , de Cormons et de le Carso , la “ jota “ ( soupe à base de haricots , pomme de terre et choucroute ) , la cueste ( travers de porc grillé ) , la lujagne ( saucisse grillée à les herbes ) , le “ filon “ , la “ pitina “ , “ peta “ , “ petuccia “ de les vallées pordenonaises , l’ oie et ses dérivés , le baccalà ( morue ) , la truite fumée de la Carnie et de San Daniele del Friuli , le frico ( fromage Montasio AOC ou autre et pommes de terre frites à la poêle ) , le pistum ( gnocchis de pain râpé , pétris avec du sucre , des œufs , des herbes aromatiques et de le raisin sec et de le bouillon de viande ) , toutes sortes de gnocchis à la triestine , à la gorizienne et à la frioulane , les cjarzons ( agnolotti « carniques » ) , le muset et la brovada ( saucisse relevée accompagnée de navets blancs macérés dans du marc de raisin et frits avec du lard , des oignons et du persil ) , le “ gulash “ triestin , gorizien et frioulan , le “ kaiserfleisch “ triestin et gorizien , les “ cevapcici “ à la triestine , à la gorizienne et à la résiane , le “ klotznudl “ de Sauris ( boulettes à la ricotta fumée et à les poires ) , la “ pinza “ de Trieste et de Gorizia , la “ putizza “ de Trieste , la gubana ( pâtisserie fourrée à les noix , amandes , raisins secs , pignons , orange confite , beurre et liqueur ) montrent un potentiel touristique en perpétuel développement , de le fait de sa situation géographique et de les efforts constants de sa population dynamique .
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of PART is 1.105263 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.305637).
The 1st highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “ci”: -ci, ci.
The 2nd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “là”: -là, là.
The 3rd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “ne”: n’, ne.
PART occurs with 1 features: fr-feat/Polarity (1; 0% instances)
PART occurs with 1 feature-value pairs: Polarity=Neg
PART occurs with 2 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is _ (299 tokens).
Examples: l’, -t, ‘s, -ci, n’, -là, ne, ci, ex, to
Relations
PART nodes are attached to their parents using 12 different relations: fr-dep/expl (237; 79% instances), fr-dep/case (26; 9% instances), fr-dep/fixed (11; 4% instances), fr-dep/compound (6; 2% instances), fr-dep/advmod (4; 1% instances), fr-dep/conj (3; 1% instances), fr-dep/flat:name (3; 1% instances), fr-dep/goeswith (3; 1% instances), fr-dep/amod (2; 1% instances), fr-dep/det (2; 1% instances), fr-dep/mark (2; 1% instances), fr-dep/obl (1; 0% instances)
Parents of PART nodes belong to 8 different parts of speech: PRON (241; 80% instances), PROPN (23; 8% instances), NOUN (20; 7% instances), VERB (8; 3% instances), PART (3; 1% instances), ADJ (2; 1% instances), NUM (2; 1% instances), SCONJ (1; 0% instances)
290 (97%) PART nodes are leaves.
0 (0%) PART nodes have one child.
7 (2%) PART nodes have two children.
3 (1%) PART nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a PART node is 5.
Children of PART nodes are attached using 10 different relations: fr-dep/fixed (8; 31% instances), fr-dep/punct (7; 27% instances), fr-dep/conj (3; 12% instances), fr-dep/cc (2; 8% instances), fr-dep/case (1; 4% instances), fr-dep/compound (1; 4% instances), fr-dep/cop (1; 4% instances), fr-dep/det (1; 4% instances), fr-dep/mark (1; 4% instances), fr-dep/nsubj (1; 4% instances)
Children of PART nodes belong to 10 different parts of speech: PUNCT (7; 27% instances), VERB (4; 15% instances), PART (3; 12% instances), PRON (3; 12% instances), ADJ (2; 8% instances), ADP (2; 8% instances), CCONJ (2; 8% instances), AUX (1; 4% instances), DET (1; 4% instances), NOUN (1; 4% instances)
Treebank Statistics (UD_French-ParTUT)
There are 1 PART lemmas (0%), 2 PART types (0%) and 119 PART tokens (1%).
Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of PART is: 15 in number of lemmas, 15 in number of types and 14 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent PART lemmas: ne
The 10 most frequent PART types: ne, n’
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas:
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types:
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of PART is 2.000000 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.316828).
The 1st highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “ne”: n’, ne.
PART occurs with 1 features: fr-feat/Polarity (119; 100% instances)
PART occurs with 1 feature-value pairs: Polarity=Neg
PART occurs with 1 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is Polarity=Neg (119 tokens).
Examples: ne, n’
Relations
PART nodes are attached to their parents using 1 different relations: fr-dep/advmod (119; 100% instances)
Parents of PART nodes belong to 5 different parts of speech: VERB (100; 84% instances), NOUN (11; 9% instances), ADJ (4; 3% instances), AUX (3; 3% instances), ADV (1; 1% instances)
119 (100%) PART nodes are leaves.
The highest child degree of a PART node is 0.
Treebank Statistics (UD_French-Sequoia)
There are 1 PART lemmas (0%), 1 PART types (0%) and 5 PART tokens (0%).
Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of PART is: 16 in number of lemmas, 16 in number of types and 15 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent PART lemmas: t
The 10 most frequent PART types: -t
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas:
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types:
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of PART is 1.000000 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.389679).
The 1st highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “t”: -t.
PART does not occur with any features.
Relations
PART nodes are attached to their parents using 1 different relations: fr-dep/expl (5; 100% instances)
Parents of PART nodes belong to 1 different parts of speech: PRON (5; 100% instances)
5 (100%) PART nodes are leaves.
The highest child degree of a PART node is 0.
PART in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]