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ADV: adverb

Definition

Adverbs are words that typically modify verbs for such categories as time, place, direction or manner. They may also modify adjectives and other adverbs, as in velmi významně  “very significantly” or prokazatelně chybný  “provably wrong”.

There is a closed subclass of pronominal adverbs that refer to circumstances in context, rather than naming them directly; similarly to pronouns, these can be categorized as interrogative, relative, demonstrative etc. Pronominal adverbs also get the ADV part-of-speech tag but they are differentiated by additional features.

In accord with the UD approach, adverbial ordinal numerals (poprvé, posedmé, postopadesáté)  are tagged ADV, although the traditional grammar classifies them as numerals. The same holds for multiplicative numerals (jednou, sedmkrát, stopadesátkrát). 

Note that Czech transgressives (also called adverbial participles or converbs) are tagged VERB, not ADV.

Examples

References


Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech)

There are 2210 ADV lemmas (4%), 2492 ADV types (2%) and 70502 ADV tokens (5%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of ADV is: 6 in number of lemmas, 6 in number of types and 7 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADV lemmas: tak, už, také, hodně, jak, včera, ještě, již, například, dnes

The 10 most frequent ADV types: tak, už, také, jak, včera, ještě, již, dnes, více, tedy

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: tak (ADV 2069, CCONJ 339), hodně (ADV 1654, DET 1), jak (ADV 1593, SCONJ 359, CCONJ 47, PROPN 5), málo (ADV 623, DET 99, NOUN 37), třeba (ADJ 361, ADV 359), daleko (ADV 308, NOUN 1), co (PRON 1652, ADV 201, SCONJ 184, PART 17), proto (CCONJ 832, ADV 198), mnohem (ADV 170, PART 1), nedávno (ADV 157, NOUN 9)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: tak (ADV 1934, CCONJ 309), jak (ADV 1193, SCONJ 197, CCONJ 45, PROPN 5), již (ADV 1251, PRON 19), více (ADV 928, DET 2), třeba (ADJ 360, ADV 330), tu (ADV 346, DET 112), možná (ADV 208, ADJ 29), vlastně (ADV 267, VERB 15), hlavně (ADV 205, NOUN 1), co (PRON 1058, ADV 197, SCONJ 181, PART 7)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADV is 1.127602 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.162583).

The 1st highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “málo”: málo, méně, míň, nejméně, nejmíň, nemálo, neméně.

The 2nd highest number of forms (6) was observed with the lemma “brzy”: brzo, brzy, dřív, dříve, nejdřív, nejdříve.

The 3rd highest number of forms (6) was observed with the lemma “daleko”: daleko, dál, dále, nedaleko, nejdál, nejdále.

ADV occurs with 8 features: cs-feat/Polarity (22150; 31% instances), cs-feat/Degree (22114; 31% instances), cs-feat/PronType (10897; 15% instances), cs-feat/Abbr (856; 1% instances), cs-feat/NumType (785; 1% instances), cs-feat/Style (483; 1% instances), cs-feat/Foreign (102; 0% instances), cs-feat/NameType (14; 0% instances)

ADV occurs with 20 feature-value pairs: Abbr=Yes, Degree=Cmp, Degree=Pos, Degree=Sup, Foreign=Yes, NameType=Com, NameType=Oth, NameType=Pro, NumType=Mult, NumType=Ord, Polarity=Neg, Polarity=Pos, PronType=Dem, PronType=Ind, PronType=Int,Rel, PronType=Neg, PronType=Tot, Style=Arch, Style=Coll, Style=Rare

ADV occurs with 40 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is _ (35490 tokens). Examples: už, také, včera, ještě, již, dnes, tedy, pouze, pak, například

Relations

ADV nodes are attached to their parents using 25 different relations: cs-dep/advmod (51442; 73% instances), cs-dep/advmod:emph (10420; 15% instances), cs-dep/cc (2202; 3% instances), cs-dep/conj (1732; 2% instances), cs-dep/dep (861; 1% instances), cs-dep/root (789; 1% instances), cs-dep/obl (684; 1% instances), cs-dep/case (552; 1% instances), cs-dep/obj (503; 1% instances), cs-dep/orphan (364; 1% instances), cs-dep/nsubj (306; 0% instances), cs-dep/advcl (153; 0% instances), cs-dep/mark (149; 0% instances), cs-dep/appos (94; 0% instances), cs-dep/fixed (71; 0% instances), cs-dep/nsubj:pass (41; 0% instances), cs-dep/flat:foreign (34; 0% instances), cs-dep/discourse (28; 0% instances), cs-dep/iobj (24; 0% instances), cs-dep/xcomp (17; 0% instances), cs-dep/ccomp (16; 0% instances), cs-dep/acl (14; 0% instances), cs-dep/csubj (4; 0% instances), cs-dep/csubj:pass (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/parataxis (1; 0% instances)

Parents of ADV nodes belong to 17 different parts of speech: VERB (38818; 55% instances), ADJ (13623; 19% instances), NOUN (10019; 14% instances), ADV (3764; 5% instances), NUM (1337; 2% instances), PROPN (962; 1% instances), ROOT (789; 1% instances), DET (655; 1% instances), PRON (309; 0% instances), PART (78; 0% instances), SCONJ (67; 0% instances), CCONJ (45; 0% instances), SYM (19; 0% instances), INTJ (10; 0% instances), ADP (3; 0% instances), PUNCT (3; 0% instances), AUX (1; 0% instances)

60252 (85%) ADV nodes are leaves.

7060 (10%) ADV nodes have one child.

1880 (3%) ADV nodes have two children.

1310 (2%) ADV nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADV node is 10.

Children of ADV nodes are attached using 28 different relations: cs-dep/punct (3013; 19% instances), cs-dep/advmod:emph (2027; 13% instances), cs-dep/advmod (1801; 12% instances), cs-dep/cc (1592; 10% instances), cs-dep/obl (1490; 10% instances), cs-dep/conj (1106; 7% instances), cs-dep/advcl (836; 5% instances), cs-dep/orphan (818; 5% instances), cs-dep/nmod (756; 5% instances), cs-dep/dep (728; 5% instances), cs-dep/fixed (306; 2% instances), cs-dep/mark (253; 2% instances), cs-dep/appos (177; 1% instances), cs-dep/cop (176; 1% instances), cs-dep/case (145; 1% instances), cs-dep/nsubj (101; 1% instances), cs-dep/csubj (58; 0% instances), cs-dep/obj (49; 0% instances), cs-dep/flat:foreign (39; 0% instances), cs-dep/det (37; 0% instances), cs-dep/parataxis (17; 0% instances), cs-dep/aux (16; 0% instances), cs-dep/amod (11; 0% instances), cs-dep/acl (9; 0% instances), cs-dep/xcomp (6; 0% instances), cs-dep/nummod (5; 0% instances), cs-dep/ccomp (4; 0% instances), cs-dep/discourse (1; 0% instances)

Children of ADV nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: ADV (3764; 24% instances), NOUN (3306; 21% instances), PUNCT (3013; 19% instances), CCONJ (1756; 11% instances), PART (710; 5% instances), VERB (626; 4% instances), ADP (440; 3% instances), PROPN (328; 2% instances), SCONJ (313; 2% instances), NUM (308; 2% instances), DET (292; 2% instances), PRON (265; 2% instances), ADJ (249; 2% instances), AUX (192; 1% instances), SYM (11; 0% instances), INTJ (4; 0% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CAC)

There are 1554 ADV lemmas (5%), 1736 ADV types (3%) and 26953 ADV tokens (6%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of ADV is: 5 in number of lemmas, 5 in number of types and 6 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADV lemmas: také, tak, jak, již, už, ještě, kde, tedy, pak, více

The 10 most frequent ADV types: tak, také, jak, již, už, ještě, kde, tedy, pak, velmi

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: tak (ADV 787, CCONJ 213), jak (ADV 731, SCONJ 15, CCONJ 2), třeba (ADV 431, ADJ 1), málo (ADV 272, DET 24, NOUN 1), co (PRON 511, ADV 164, SCONJ 16, PART 2, ADJ 1), daleko (ADV 92, NOUN 1), včetně (ADV 80, ADP 1), nedávno (ADV 29, NOUN 3), tolik (DET 30, ADV 29), moc (ADV 28, NOUN 26)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: tak (ADV 657, CCONJ 208), jak (ADV 636, SCONJ 14, CCONJ 2), již (ADV 522, PRON 5), třeba (ADV 421, ADJ 1), tu (ADV 180, DET 42), co (PRON 372, ADV 158, SCONJ 15, PART 1, ADJ 1), většinou (ADV 98, NOUN 6), celkem (ADV 81, NOUN 2), včetně (ADV 80, ADP 1), málo (ADV 65, DET 21, NOUN 1)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADV is 1.117117 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.180683).

The 1st highest number of forms (6) was observed with the lemma “brzy”: brzo, brzy, dřív, dříve, nejdřív, nejdříve.

The 2nd highest number of forms (6) was observed with the lemma “málo”: málo, méně, míň, nejméně, nemálo, neméně.

The 3rd highest number of forms (6) was observed with the lemma “snadno”: nejsnáze, nesnadno, snadno, snadněji, snáz, snáze.

ADV occurs with 7 features: cs-feat/Polarity (10510; 39% instances), cs-feat/Degree (10494; 39% instances), cs-feat/PronType (4270; 16% instances), cs-feat/NumType (165; 1% instances), cs-feat/Style (77; 0% instances), cs-feat/Foreign (12; 0% instances), cs-feat/Abbr (10; 0% instances)

ADV occurs with 16 feature-value pairs: Abbr=Yes, Degree=Cmp, Degree=Pos, Degree=Sup, Foreign=Yes, NumType=Mult, NumType=Ord, Polarity=Neg, Polarity=Pos, PronType=Dem, PronType=Ind, PronType=Int,Rel, PronType=Neg, PronType=Tot, Style=Arch, Style=Coll

ADV occurs with 26 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is _ (12021 tokens). Examples: také, již, už, ještě, pak, velmi, třeba, především, zejména, dnes

Relations

ADV nodes are attached to their parents using 26 different relations: cs-dep/advmod (19720; 73% instances), cs-dep/advmod:emph (3430; 13% instances), cs-dep/cc (1157; 4% instances), cs-dep/conj (894; 3% instances), cs-dep/root (411; 2% instances), cs-dep/case (261; 1% instances), cs-dep/dep (223; 1% instances), cs-dep/orphan (169; 1% instances), cs-dep/obj (157; 1% instances), cs-dep/obl (145; 1% instances), cs-dep/nsubj (122; 0% instances), cs-dep/advcl (61; 0% instances), cs-dep/mark (57; 0% instances), cs-dep/acl (40; 0% instances), cs-dep/appos (22; 0% instances), cs-dep/fixed (20; 0% instances), cs-dep/ccomp (17; 0% instances), cs-dep/nsubj:pass (17; 0% instances), cs-dep/discourse (11; 0% instances), cs-dep/xcomp (11; 0% instances), cs-dep/cop (2; 0% instances), cs-dep/csubj (2; 0% instances), cs-dep/aux (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/csubj:pass (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/iobj (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/parataxis (1; 0% instances)

Parents of ADV nodes belong to 17 different parts of speech: VERB (13223; 49% instances), ADJ (6496; 24% instances), NOUN (3897; 14% instances), ADV (1702; 6% instances), ROOT (411; 2% instances), NUM (396; 1% instances), DET (331; 1% instances), PROPN (162; 1% instances), PRON (126; 0% instances), SYM (90; 0% instances), SCONJ (77; 0% instances), PART (25; 0% instances), CCONJ (7; 0% instances), AUX (6; 0% instances), PUNCT (2; 0% instances), ADP (1; 0% instances), INTJ (1; 0% instances)

22855 (85%) ADV nodes are leaves.

2650 (10%) ADV nodes have one child.

677 (3%) ADV nodes have two children.

771 (3%) ADV nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADV node is 21.

Children of ADV nodes are attached using 28 different relations: cs-dep/punct (1123; 16% instances), cs-dep/cc (934; 13% instances), cs-dep/advmod (889; 13% instances), cs-dep/advmod:emph (654; 9% instances), cs-dep/conj (589; 8% instances), cs-dep/obl (471; 7% instances), cs-dep/orphan (434; 6% instances), cs-dep/cop (370; 5% instances), cs-dep/csubj (304; 4% instances), cs-dep/advcl (289; 4% instances), cs-dep/nmod (252; 4% instances), cs-dep/dep (194; 3% instances), cs-dep/fixed (129; 2% instances), cs-dep/mark (111; 2% instances), cs-dep/nsubj (62; 1% instances), cs-dep/appos (58; 1% instances), cs-dep/obj (22; 0% instances), cs-dep/case (20; 0% instances), cs-dep/parataxis (16; 0% instances), cs-dep/det (12; 0% instances), cs-dep/aux (10; 0% instances), cs-dep/amod (7; 0% instances), cs-dep/acl (4; 0% instances), cs-dep/xcomp (4; 0% instances), cs-dep/flat:foreign (2; 0% instances), cs-dep/nummod (2; 0% instances), cs-dep/ccomp (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/vocative (1; 0% instances)

Children of ADV nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: ADV (1702; 24% instances), NOUN (1332; 19% instances), PUNCT (1123; 16% instances), CCONJ (925; 13% instances), VERB (497; 7% instances), AUX (380; 5% instances), PART (237; 3% instances), SCONJ (171; 2% instances), DET (138; 2% instances), ADP (131; 2% instances), ADJ (113; 2% instances), PRON (86; 1% instances), NUM (60; 1% instances), PROPN (51; 1% instances), SYM (18; 0% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CLTT)

There are 108 ADV lemmas (5%), 112 ADV types (3%) and 567 ADV tokens (2%). Out of 15 observed tags, the rank of ADV is: 5 in number of lemmas, 5 in number of types and 9 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADV lemmas: zejména, dále, popřípadě, například, pouze, jinak, pozdě, též, kdy, tak

The 10 most frequent ADV types: zejména, dále, popřípadě, například, pouze, jinak, též, kdy, tak, později

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: tak (ADV 15, CCONJ 1), včetně (ADP 35, ADV 7)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: tak (ADV 15, CCONJ 1), včetně (ADP 35, ADV 7), tuto (DET 7, ADV 4), celkem (ADV 3, NOUN 2), výše (NOUN 26, ADV 3), jednou (NUM 2, ADV 2)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADV is 1.037037 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.685169).

The 1st highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “brzy”: dříve, nejdříve.

The 2nd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “málo”: méně, nejméně.

The 3rd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “pozdě”: nejpozději, později.

ADV occurs with 3 features: cs-feat/Degree (196; 35% instances), cs-feat/Polarity (196; 35% instances), cs-feat/NumType (13; 2% instances)

ADV occurs with 7 feature-value pairs: Degree=Cmp, Degree=Pos, Degree=Sup, NumType=Mult, NumType=Ord, Polarity=Neg, Polarity=Pos

ADV occurs with 7 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is _ (358 tokens). Examples: zejména, dále, popřípadě, například, pouze, jinak, též, kdy, tak, již

Relations

ADV nodes are attached to their parents using 10 different relations: cs-dep/advmod (307; 54% instances), cs-dep/advmod:emph (146; 26% instances), cs-dep/cc (56; 10% instances), cs-dep/conj (27; 5% instances), cs-dep/dep (18; 3% instances), cs-dep/case (6; 1% instances), cs-dep/acl (2; 0% instances), cs-dep/appos (2; 0% instances), cs-dep/obj (2; 0% instances), cs-dep/nsubj:pass (1; 0% instances)

Parents of ADV nodes belong to 8 different parts of speech: VERB (231; 41% instances), NOUN (229; 40% instances), ADJ (73; 13% instances), ADV (15; 3% instances), NUM (13; 2% instances), X (4; 1% instances), AUX (1; 0% instances), PRON (1; 0% instances)

493 (87%) ADV nodes are leaves.

58 (10%) ADV nodes have one child.

12 (2%) ADV nodes have two children.

4 (1%) ADV nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADV node is 6.

Children of ADV nodes are attached using 14 different relations: cs-dep/cc (28; 29% instances), cs-dep/obl (22; 22% instances), cs-dep/conj (13; 13% instances), cs-dep/punct (8; 8% instances), cs-dep/advcl (7; 7% instances), cs-dep/advmod:emph (5; 5% instances), cs-dep/case (4; 4% instances), cs-dep/advmod (3; 3% instances), cs-dep/cop (2; 2% instances), cs-dep/nsubj (2; 2% instances), cs-dep/dep (1; 1% instances), cs-dep/fixed (1; 1% instances), cs-dep/obj (1; 1% instances), cs-dep/orphan (1; 1% instances)

Children of ADV nodes belong to 12 different parts of speech: NOUN (28; 29% instances), CCONJ (27; 28% instances), ADV (15; 15% instances), PUNCT (8; 8% instances), NUM (6; 6% instances), ADP (5; 5% instances), PRON (3; 3% instances), AUX (2; 2% instances), ADJ (1; 1% instances), PART (1; 1% instances), SCONJ (1; 1% instances), VERB (1; 1% instances)


ADV in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]