SCONJ

home ga/pos edit page issue tracker

This page still pertains to UD version 1.

`SCONJ`: subordinating conjunction

Description

A subordinating conjunction is a conjunction that links constructions by making one of them a constituent of the other.

In Irish, subordinate conjunctions normally precede a subordinate clause marker such as go, a.

There is also a special case of using agus “and” (normally CCONJ) as a subordinate conjunction, where the subordinate clause is missing a surface verb `to be’, yet will have a subject in use with a progressive aspectual phrase, an adjective, a past participle or locative adverb.

Examples

nuair “when”
tháinig sí ar ais nuair a chuala sí an nuacht “she came back when she heard the news”
cé “even though”
cé go raibh cuid mhaith ann san am gcéanna “even though there was a lot there at the same time”
sula/sular “before”
sular féidir linn imeacht, ní mór dúinn léarscáil a cheannach “before we leave, we need to buy a map”
Seo pictúir a tógadh dhó agus é briste “here is a picture that was taken of it and it broken”

Source: Studies in Irish Syntax, Nancy Stenson (1981), Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag

Treebank Statistics (UD_Irish)

There are 20 SCONJ lemmas (1%), 26 SCONJ types (1%) and 221 SCONJ tokens (2%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of SCONJ is: 11 in number of lemmas, 11 in number of types and 13 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent SCONJ lemmas: ach, nuair, mar, má, go, dá, agus, cé, amhail, mura

The 10 most frequent SCONJ types: ach, nuair, mar, má, go, dá, más, agus, cé, amhail

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: ach (SCONJ 88, CCONJ 3), mar (ADP 52, SCONJ 23), má (SCONJ 21, AUX 1), go (PART 146, ADP 44, SCONJ 12, NOUN 5, ADV 2, ADJ 1), agus (CCONJ 386, SCONJ 9), cé (PRON 8, SCONJ 5, DET 2, NOUN 1, AUX 1), ná (CCONJ 40, PART 6, SCONJ 4), chun (ADP 42, SCONJ 2), de (ADP 175, PART 6, SCONJ 2), réir (ADP 5, NOUN 5, SCONJ 2)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: ach (SCONJ 67, CCONJ 2), mar (ADP 49, SCONJ 22), go (PART 142, ADP 42, SCONJ 12, NOUN 5, ADV 2, ADJ 1), dá (ADP 24, SCONJ 7, NUM 6), más (SCONJ 5, AUX 1), agus (CCONJ 351, SCONJ 6), cé (SCONJ 4, PRON 1, NOUN 1), ná (CCONJ 40, SCONJ 4, PART 4), is (AUX 44, CCONJ 26, PART 10, SCONJ 3), chun (ADP 42, SCONJ 2)

ach
- SCONJ 67: Ach níor mhair an cumann beag carthanach seo ach seal .
- CCONJ 2: Ansin nuair a shocair an gleo d’ éist siad , ach ní chuala siad a dhath .
mar
- ADP 49: Ó Dubhurthuile a bheith mar Phátrún ar an gCraobh .
- SCONJ 22: Ansin nach deas mar a bheadh an scéal a’m ?
go
- PART 142: Níor chúis iontais í go hiomlán gur ghlaoigh sé ar Melissa .
- ADP 42: Agus as go brách leo .
- SCONJ 12: Bhí ráfla ann go mb’ fhéidir go dtiocfadh Pat An Cóp Ó Gallchóir ar ais ón Eoraip le polaitíocht na Dála a imirt arís .
- NOUN 5: Bhí scaifte maith sa tábhairne seo anois , an ceann amháin i mBaile an Chaolais ach ar ndóigh go leor óstáin .
- ADV 2: Tá an éide scoile s’ againne maith go leor anseo i Scoil Naomh Pól .
- ADJ 1: Ar ndóigh bhí an tír suaite go leor i rith an am seo go léir .
dá
- ADP 24: D’ fhoilsigh Ó Cléirigh aistriúchán Breatnaise ar chuid dá shaothar .
- SCONJ 7: Tá chuile rud dá bhfuil le rá ráite a’m .
- NUM 6: Ba é Seán a d’ íoc as an dá thicéad , ticéid aisteacha , a shíl mé .
más
- SCONJ 5: Má bhíonn súil ag an saol ar eachtraí , nó má bhíonn an chosúlacht féin ar an scéal gur amhlaidh atá , bíonn sé ina chosaint ag daoine - más lag lúbach an chosaint in amannaí é .
- AUX 1: (4) Breithneoidh an Ard-Chomhairle gach aithris chúise agus na nótaí ( más ann dóibh ) ina taobh a leagfar fé n-a bráid fén alt so agus más deimhin léi tar éis an bhreithnithe sin go bhfuil an cúrsa stuidéir agus na scrúduithe le n-a mbaineann an aithris chúise sin gan bheith de shaghas a chuireann in áirithe go mbeidh ag daoine , a gheobhaidh teisteas tástála ón gcoláiste no ón gcólucht a cheangalann ar dhaoine an cúrsa stuidéir agus na scrúduithe sin do chur díobh , an oilteacht agus an t-eolas is gá chun a ngairm do chleachta go héifeachtúil , féadfidh an Ard-Chomhairle , le hordú , a fhaisnéis ná déanfidh aon teisteas tástála a dheonfidh an coláiste no an cólucht san d’ éinne ar an dáta no tar éis an dáta a luadhfar chuige sin san ordú san ceart chun a chláruithe sa chlár do bhronna ar an duine sin .
agus
- CCONJ 351: 3 Tá a chéad phost ag Oilibhéar agus tig leis IRP12 sa mhí a shábháil .
- SCONJ 6: Amach liom arís go siopa mór Revington’s agus ar ámharaí an tsaoil bhí ceant ar siúl ann .
cé
- SCONJ 4: Roghnaigh an bogha an banlaoch Clothra , cé nach raibh sí ach ina girseach ag an am .
- PRON 1: Ansin faigh amach cé mhéad fuinnimh a bheidh le fáil as gach ceann de na béilí seo agus déan comparáid idir an iontógáil fuinnimh iomlán agus an iontógáil atá molta i dTábla 1.4 .
- NOUN 1: Ar fhágaint slán agus beannacht age cé na Coise an tráthnóna aoibhinn caithiseach Domhnaigh seo dhúinn , agus agena a raibh do dhaoine ina seasamh ann , cé go raibh cuid mhaith ann san am gcéanna , ní raibh cuma na hainnise ná na bochtanacht ar aon duine acu , rud ná beadh im chumas do rá leo anois dá mbeinn ann , comh fada lem thuairim .
ná
- CCONJ 40: Níor mhasla gan bhrí ná caint gan éifeacht a bhí san fhocal sin twaddle .
- SCONJ 4: ’ Dhera , mo thrua mhór sibh , ‘ arsa an Mórach , ‘ ná raibh naonúr acu ag mo mháthairse , agus ná fuair sí ainm dos gach aoinne acu !
- PART 4: Cad ina thaobh ná haithneodh , ná fuil sé do mo mhúineadh ?
is
- AUX 44: Limistéar na Meánmhara is áit dúcháis don Rós Mhuire .
- CCONJ 26: ’ Athraíonn sí a haigne ansin chomh luath is a chastar ar a chéile iad !
- PART 10: Bronnfar é ar an Chnuasach Gearrscéalta nó an dráma is fearr .
- SCONJ 3: Fad is a bhí an sclábhaíocht idirnáisiúnta ar siúl aige , áfach bhí fadhbanna ag baile - ní gá ach smaoineamh ar an gconspóid reatha faoi Stephen Byers , nó an pharailís sa chóras Sláinte poiblí .
chun
- ADP 42: ’ Ach caithfidh mise a bheith ar shiúl chun an tsiopa .
- SCONJ 2: Chaith an Ceallach a dhúthracht ag lorg tacaíochta , deiseanna agus acmhainní chun go bhféadfadh sé an saothar a chur dá fhoilsiú .

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of SCONJ is 1.300000 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.393750).

The 1st highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “mura”: Mur, mara, mura.

The 2nd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “ach”: ach, acht.

The 3rd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “agus”: agus, is.

SCONJ occurs with 2 features: ga-feat/VerbForm (11; 5% instances), ga-feat/Tense (1; 0% instances)

SCONJ occurs with 2 feature-value pairs: Tense=Past, VerbForm=Cop

SCONJ occurs with 3 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is _ (210 tokens). Examples: ach, nuair, mar, má, go, dá, agus, cé, amhail, ná

Relations

SCONJ nodes are attached to their parents using 12 different relations: ga-dep/mark (160; 72% instances), ga-dep/advmod (21; 10% instances), ga-dep/mark:prt (18; 8% instances), ga-dep/fixed (5; 2% instances), ga-dep/conj (4; 2% instances), ga-dep/cc (3; 1% instances), ga-dep/case (2; 1% instances), ga-dep/ccomp (2; 1% instances), ga-dep/obj (2; 1% instances), ga-dep/obl (2; 1% instances), ga-dep/nsubj (1; 0% instances), ga-dep/parataxis (1; 0% instances)

Parents of SCONJ nodes belong to 9 different parts of speech: VERB (157; 71% instances), NOUN (33; 15% instances), SCONJ (10; 5% instances), ADJ (6; 3% instances), ADP (5; 2% instances), PRON (5; 2% instances), ADV (3; 1% instances), CCONJ (1; 0% instances), PROPN (1; 0% instances)

146 (66%) SCONJ nodes are leaves.

56 (25%) SCONJ nodes have one child.

13 (6%) SCONJ nodes have two children.

6 (3%) SCONJ nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a SCONJ node is 5.

Children of SCONJ nodes are attached using 19 different relations: ga-dep/punct (53; 51% instances), ga-dep/advcl (8; 8% instances), ga-dep/xcomp:pred (6; 6% instances), ga-dep/conj (5; 5% instances), ga-dep/fixed (5; 5% instances), ga-dep/advmod (3; 3% instances), ga-dep/cc (3; 3% instances), ga-dep/nmod (3; 3% instances), ga-dep/nsubj (3; 3% instances), ga-dep/acl:relcl (2; 2% instances), ga-dep/amod (2; 2% instances), ga-dep/ccomp (2; 2% instances), ga-dep/compound (2; 2% instances), ga-dep/case (1; 1% instances), ga-dep/csubj:cleft (1; 1% instances), ga-dep/csubj:cop (1; 1% instances), ga-dep/mark (1; 1% instances), ga-dep/obj (1; 1% instances), ga-dep/xcomp (1; 1% instances)

Children of SCONJ nodes belong to 10 different parts of speech: PUNCT (53; 51% instances), VERB (12; 12% instances), NOUN (10; 10% instances), SCONJ (10; 10% instances), ADJ (7; 7% instances), CCONJ (3; 3% instances), PRON (3; 3% instances), ADP (2; 2% instances), ADV (2; 2% instances), AUX (1; 1% instances)