NUM
: numeral
Definition
A numeral is a word, functioning most typically as a determiner, adjective or pronoun, that expresses a number and a relation to the number, such as quantity, sequence, frequency or fraction.
Note that cardinal numerals are covered by NUM
whether they are used
as determiners or not (as in Windows 7) and whether they
are expressed as words (čtyři), digits (4) or Roman numerals
(IV).
Czech grammar distinguishes several subclasses of pronominal numerals (quantifiers):
interrogative and relative (kolik “how many”);
demonstrative (tolik “this many”);
indefinite (několik, mnoho, málo “several, many, few”).
These words behave similarly to (most) cardinal numbers,
e.g. they require that the counted noun phrase be in genitive.
They are not similar to adjectives (unlike their English counterparts).
However, in accord with the UD standard, they should be tagged DET, not NUM
.
In addition, several types of (non-pronominal) numerals, such as ordinal numerals and multiplicative numerals, are tagged ADJ or ADV, based on their syntactic and morphological behavior.
Examples
- 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 2014, 1000000, 3.14159265359
- I, II, III, IV, V, MMXIV
- jeden, dva, tři, čtyři, pět, sedmdesát “one, two, three, four, five, seventy”
- polovina, třetina, čtvrtina, pětina “one-half, one third, quarter, one fifth”: denominators of fractions constitute a separate class of cardinal numerals.
- čtvero, patero “four, five” (These are special forms, so-called generic numerals. They are used rarely, in literary or archaic style.)
- jedny, dvoje, troje, čtvery, patery, sedmdesátery “one set of, two sets of, three sets of, four sets of, five sets of, seventy sets of”
Counterexamples
- první, druhý, třetí “first, second, third”: adjectival ordinal numerals. They are tagged ADJ, and the cs-feat/NumType feature reveals their semantic relation to numbers.
- poprvé, podruhé, potřetí “for the first time, for the second time, for the third time”: adverbial ordinal numerals. They are tagged ADV, and the cs-feat/NumType feature reveals their semantic relation to numbers.
- jednou, dvakrát, třikrát “once, twice, three times”: multiplicative numerals. They are tagged ADV, and the cs-feat/NumType feature reveals their semantic relation to numbers.
- dvojí, trojí, čtverý, paterý, sedmdesáterý “twofold, three kinds of, four kinds of, five kinds of, seventy kinds of”: generic numerals. They are tagged ADJ.
- dvojice, trojice, čtveřice “pair, triplet, foursome”: n-tuples (n-tice) are not considered numerals in the Czech grammar. They are tagged NOUN.
- jednička, dvojka, trojka, čtyřka, pětka “number one, number two, number three, number four, number five”: names of numbers, or of objects identified by the number (e.g. of a bus route). They are not considered numerals and they are tagged NOUN.
- tisíc, milión, miliarda, bilión “thousand, million, billion, trillion”: words for large quantities are ambiguous between cardinal numerals (tagged
NUM
) and nouns. If they inflect as nouns, they are tagged NOUN; but the borderline is fuzzy. For instance, in phrases like tisíce lidí demonstrovaly v ulicích (“thousands of people demonstrated in the streets”), tisíce is a noun. In numeric expressions, e.g. 110 tisíc dolarů (“110 thousand dollars”), it is a cardinal numeral.
References
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech)
There are 3253 NUM
lemmas (6%), 3358 NUM
types (3%) and 36842 NUM
tokens (3%).
Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of NUM
is: 5 in number of lemmas, 5 in number of types and 11 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent NUM
lemmas: jeden, dva, 1, tři, 2, oba, 3, 4, pět, 6
The 10 most frequent NUM
types: 1, 2, 3, dva, tři, 4, jeden, 6, dvě, 5
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: jeden (NUM 2229, ADJ 28), pět (NUM 560, VERB 1), tisíc (NUM 465, NOUN 284, ADV 1), osm (NUM 203, ADJ 1), I (NUM 90, PROPN 59, ADJ 16, PRON 14), půl (NOUN 156, NUM 53), třináct (NUM 50, ADJ 1), sto (NOUN 275, NUM 38), šestnáct (NUM 25, ADJ 1), V (PROPN 183, NUM 21, NOUN 7, ADJ 5)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: tisíc (NUM 464, NOUN 76), dvou (NUM 457, ADJ 1), tří (NUM 223, ADJ 2), jedno (NUM 133, ADJ 1), jednou (ADV 145, NUM 117), I (CCONJ 413, NUM 90, PROPN 59, ADJ 16, PRON 5, NOUN 1), čtyř (NUM 89, ADJ 1), osmi (NUM 81, ADJ 1), půl (NOUN 143, NUM 53), sto (NOUN 107, NUM 23)
- tisíc
- dvou
- NUM 457: Kompletní informace pro drobného investora v LN na dvou stránkách
- ADJ 1: Izraelský premiér Jicchak Rabin včera prohlásil , že palestinský předák Jásir Arafat požádal o dvou až třítýdenní odklad , který by umožnil Palestincům připravit se na převzetí správy nad autonomními územími v pásmu Gazy a v Jerichu na západním břehu Jordánu .
- tří
- jedno
- NUM 133: Když jedno chybí , nepodaří se to .
- ADJ 1: Ke snížení úroků z depozit dochází u T - Kont ( o 1.5 - 2 % ) , u vkladových certifikátů s výjimkou jedno - a dvouměsíčních certifikátů ( o 0 , 2 až 2.5 % ) a u vkladů právnických osob a fyzických osob - podnikatelů na tři , šest a devět měsíců ( o 0.15 až 0.8 % ) .
- jednou
- I
- CCONJ 413: I velké firmy se specializují jen na několik málo teritorií .
- NUM 90: KAREL HAVLÍČEK BOROVSKÝ , Dílo I
- PROPN 59: Akademikem se zato stal známý teoretik antisemitismu I . Šafarevič .
- ADJ 16: Organizuje I . T . E . Technical Service .
- PRON 5: Jen zřídkakdy Moby bere do svých rukou i hardcoreovou kytaru ( All That I Need Is To Be Loved ) .
- NOUN 1: V Soluně například stojí 0.11 karátový diamant ( barvy I , velmi dobrého až dobrého brusu a čistoty SI 1 ) včetně DPH 2700 korun ( do konce dubna ho pořídíte za 2400 korun ) .
- čtyř
- osmi
- půl
- sto
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of NUM
is 1.032278 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.162583).
The 1st highest number of forms (10) was observed with the lemma “jeden”: jeden, jedna, jedno, jednoho, jednom, jednomu, jednou, jednu, jedné, jedním.
The 2nd highest number of forms (8) was observed with the lemma “třetina”: třetin, třetina, třetinou, třetinu, třetiny, třetinách, třetinám, třetině.
The 3rd highest number of forms (6) was observed with the lemma “sto”: set, stech, sto, sty, stě, stům.
NUM
occurs with 10 features: cs-feat/NumType (36842; 100% instances), cs-feat/NumForm (36547; 99% instances), cs-feat/Number (10268; 28% instances), cs-feat/Case (10244; 28% instances), cs-feat/NumValue (7079; 19% instances), cs-feat/Gender (4177; 11% instances), cs-feat/Animacy (278; 1% instances), cs-feat/Foreign (26; 0% instances), cs-feat/NameType (19; 0% instances), cs-feat/Style (2; 0% instances)
NUM
occurs with 25 feature-value pairs: Animacy=Anim
, Animacy=Inan
, Case=Acc
, Case=Dat
, Case=Gen
, Case=Ins
, Case=Loc
, Case=Nom
, Foreign=Yes
, Gender=Fem
, Gender=Fem,Neut
, Gender=Masc
, Gender=Masc,Neut
, Gender=Neut
, NameType=Com
, NumForm=Digit
, NumForm=Roman
, NumForm=Word
, NumType=Card
, NumType=Frac
, NumValue=1,2,3
, Number=Dual
, Number=Plur
, Number=Sing
, Style=Arch
NUM
occurs with 57 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
(26226 tokens).
Examples: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 5, 10, 1992, 1994, 1993
Relations
NUM
nodes are attached to their parents using 23 different relations: cs-dep/nummod (17496; 47% instances), cs-dep/nummod:gov (6518; 18% instances), cs-dep/conj (3363; 9% instances), cs-dep/compound (2589; 7% instances), cs-dep/dep (1699; 5% instances), cs-dep/obl (1656; 4% instances), cs-dep/root (991; 3% instances), cs-dep/obj (785; 2% instances), cs-dep/nsubj (622; 2% instances), cs-dep/orphan (436; 1% instances), cs-dep/appos (272; 1% instances), cs-dep/nmod (113; 0% instances), cs-dep/nsubj:pass (78; 0% instances), cs-dep/xcomp (71; 0% instances), cs-dep/iobj (55; 0% instances), cs-dep/advcl (34; 0% instances), cs-dep/acl (26; 0% instances), cs-dep/ccomp (22; 0% instances), cs-dep/parataxis (8; 0% instances), cs-dep/advmod:emph (4; 0% instances), cs-dep/csubj (2; 0% instances), cs-dep/csubj:pass (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/mark (1; 0% instances)
Parents of NUM
nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: NOUN (23252; 63% instances), NUM (5701; 15% instances), VERB (2926; 8% instances), PROPN (2347; 6% instances), ROOT (991; 3% instances), ADJ (921; 2% instances), ADV (308; 1% instances), SYM (190; 1% instances), PRON (108; 0% instances), DET (56; 0% instances), CCONJ (26; 0% instances), PUNCT (12; 0% instances), ADP (2; 0% instances), INTJ (1; 0% instances), PART (1; 0% instances)
19147 (52%) NUM
nodes are leaves.
11826 (32%) NUM
nodes have one child.
3333 (9%) NUM
nodes have two children.
2536 (7%) NUM
nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a NUM
node is 27.
Children of NUM
nodes are attached using 30 different relations: cs-dep/punct (10498; 37% instances), cs-dep/nmod (3588; 13% instances), cs-dep/conj (3298; 12% instances), cs-dep/compound (2589; 9% instances), cs-dep/case (1859; 7% instances), cs-dep/advmod:emph (1817; 6% instances), cs-dep/cc (1079; 4% instances), cs-dep/dep (612; 2% instances), cs-dep/amod (570; 2% instances), cs-dep/cop (419; 1% instances), cs-dep/nsubj (348; 1% instances), cs-dep/advmod (278; 1% instances), cs-dep/mark (268; 1% instances), cs-dep/orphan (226; 1% instances), cs-dep/appos (209; 1% instances), cs-dep/obl (131; 0% instances), cs-dep/nummod (88; 0% instances), cs-dep/det (64; 0% instances), cs-dep/parataxis (39; 0% instances), cs-dep/acl (32; 0% instances), cs-dep/csubj (28; 0% instances), cs-dep/xcomp (26; 0% instances), cs-dep/det:nummod (21; 0% instances), cs-dep/obj (19; 0% instances), cs-dep/advcl (18; 0% instances), cs-dep/aux (9; 0% instances), cs-dep/discourse (4; 0% instances), cs-dep/fixed (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/flat:foreign (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/vocative (1; 0% instances)
Children of NUM
nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: PUNCT (10498; 37% instances), NUM (5701; 20% instances), NOUN (3813; 14% instances), ADP (1845; 7% instances), ADV (1337; 5% instances), CCONJ (1024; 4% instances), PART (828; 3% instances), SYM (794; 3% instances), ADJ (740; 3% instances), AUX (428; 2% instances), PROPN (342; 1% instances), SCONJ (263; 1% instances), DET (188; 1% instances), VERB (172; 1% instances), PRON (166; 1% instances), INTJ (1; 0% instances)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CAC)
There are 59 NUM
lemmas (0%), 123 NUM
types (0%) and 7204 NUM
tokens (1%).
Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of NUM
is: 7 in number of lemmas, 8 in number of types and 13 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent NUM
lemmas: &camount;, &cyear;, jeden, dva, &clabel;, &cdate;, &cother;, oba, tři, čtyři
The 10 most frequent NUM
types: #, dvou, jeden, dvě, tři, dva, obou, jednoho, jedné, jedním
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: jeden (NUM 741, ADJ 10), tisíc (NUM 48, NOUN 38), půl (NUM 36, NOUN 1), pár (NUM 23, NOUN 12), sto (NOUN 36, NUM 12)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: tisíc (NUM 48, NOUN 8), jednou (ADV 52, NUM 23), půl (NUM 36, NOUN 1), pár (NUM 23, NOUN 5), sto (NOUN 8, NUM 5), set (NOUN 19, NUM 4)
- tisíc
- jednou
- půl
- pár
- sto
- set
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of NUM
is 2.084746 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.180683).
The 1st highest number of forms (10) was observed with the lemma “jeden”: jeden, jedna, jedno, jednoho, jednom, jednomu, jednou, jednu, jedné, jedním.
The 2nd highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “třetina”: třetin, třetina, třetinami, třetinou, třetinu, třetiny, třetině.
The 3rd highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “tři”: třech, třem, třemi, tři, tří.
NUM
occurs with 7 features: cs-feat/NumType (7204; 100% instances), cs-feat/NumForm (7149; 99% instances), cs-feat/Case (2420; 34% instances), cs-feat/Number (2420; 34% instances), cs-feat/NumValue (1930; 27% instances), cs-feat/Gender (1173; 16% instances), cs-feat/Animacy (98; 1% instances)
NUM
occurs with 21 feature-value pairs: Animacy=Anim
, Animacy=Inan
, Case=Acc
, Case=Dat
, Case=Gen
, Case=Ins
, Case=Loc
, Case=Nom
, Gender=Fem
, Gender=Fem,Neut
, Gender=Masc
, Gender=Masc,Neut
, Gender=Neut
, NumForm=Digit
, NumForm=Word
, NumType=Card
, NumType=Frac
, NumValue=1,2,3
, Number=Dual
, Number=Plur
, Number=Sing
NUM
occurs with 49 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card
(4784 tokens).
Examples: #
Relations
NUM
nodes are attached to their parents using 24 different relations: cs-dep/nummod (4388; 61% instances), cs-dep/nummod:gov (1164; 16% instances), cs-dep/obl (430; 6% instances), cs-dep/conj (395; 5% instances), cs-dep/obj (162; 2% instances), cs-dep/dep (139; 2% instances), cs-dep/nsubj (113; 2% instances), cs-dep/root (113; 2% instances), cs-dep/orphan (102; 1% instances), cs-dep/nsubj:pass (43; 1% instances), cs-dep/compound (42; 1% instances), cs-dep/advcl (29; 0% instances), cs-dep/xcomp (23; 0% instances), cs-dep/appos (21; 0% instances), cs-dep/iobj (14; 0% instances), cs-dep/acl (8; 0% instances), cs-dep/ccomp (5; 0% instances), cs-dep/parataxis (5; 0% instances), cs-dep/aux (2; 0% instances), cs-dep/nmod (2; 0% instances), cs-dep/aux:pass (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/case (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/cop (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/csubj:pass (1; 0% instances)
Parents of NUM
nodes belong to 12 different parts of speech: NOUN (5408; 75% instances), VERB (651; 9% instances), NUM (393; 5% instances), ADJ (245; 3% instances), SYM (222; 3% instances), ROOT (113; 2% instances), ADV (60; 1% instances), PROPN (55; 1% instances), PRON (33; 0% instances), DET (19; 0% instances), PART (4; 0% instances), CCONJ (1; 0% instances)
4575 (64%) NUM
nodes are leaves.
1644 (23%) NUM
nodes have one child.
644 (9%) NUM
nodes have two children.
341 (5%) NUM
nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a NUM
node is 14.
Children of NUM
nodes are attached using 27 different relations: cs-dep/nmod (1319; 31% instances), cs-dep/case (570; 13% instances), cs-dep/advmod:emph (550; 13% instances), cs-dep/conj (435; 10% instances), cs-dep/punct (317; 7% instances), cs-dep/cc (311; 7% instances), cs-dep/cop (157; 4% instances), cs-dep/nsubj (135; 3% instances), cs-dep/amod (103; 2% instances), cs-dep/mark (87; 2% instances), cs-dep/advmod (73; 2% instances), cs-dep/orphan (51; 1% instances), cs-dep/compound (42; 1% instances), cs-dep/obl (37; 1% instances), cs-dep/appos (32; 1% instances), cs-dep/nummod (23; 1% instances), cs-dep/dep (22; 1% instances), cs-dep/det (14; 0% instances), cs-dep/acl (8; 0% instances), cs-dep/xcomp (6; 0% instances), cs-dep/csubj (5; 0% instances), cs-dep/det:nummod (5; 0% instances), cs-dep/advcl (4; 0% instances), cs-dep/parataxis (4; 0% instances), cs-dep/aux (2; 0% instances), cs-dep/discourse (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/obj (1; 0% instances)
Children of NUM
nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: SYM (952; 22% instances), NOUN (580; 13% instances), ADP (569; 13% instances), ADV (396; 9% instances), NUM (393; 9% instances), PART (346; 8% instances), PUNCT (317; 7% instances), CCONJ (224; 5% instances), AUX (158; 4% instances), ADJ (133; 3% instances), SCONJ (85; 2% instances), DET (59; 1% instances), VERB (47; 1% instances), PRON (38; 1% instances), PROPN (17; 0% instances)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CLTT)
There are 76 NUM
lemmas (3%), 86 NUM
types (2%) and 310 NUM
tokens (1%).
Out of 15 observed tags, the rank of NUM
is: 6 in number of lemmas, 6 in number of types and 12 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent NUM
lemmas: 1, 3, 2, jeden, 4, 5, 41, 2004, 2008, 31
The 10 most frequent NUM
types: 1, 3, 2, jeden, 4, 5, 41, 2004, 2008, 31
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: 1 (NUM 65, X 45), 3 (X 38, NUM 31), 2 (X 49, NUM 28), 4 (X 21, NUM 12), 5 (X 15, NUM 11), 41 (NUM 7, X 2), 31 (NUM 5, X 1), 60 (NUM 4, X 1), 26 (X 4, NUM 3), 8 (X 12, NUM 3)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: 1 (NUM 65, X 45), 3 (X 38, NUM 31), 2 (X 49, NUM 28), 4 (X 21, NUM 12), 5 (X 15, NUM 11), 41 (NUM 7, X 2), 31 (NUM 5, X 1), 60 (NUM 4, X 1), 26 (X 4, NUM 3), 8 (X 12, NUM 3)
- 1
- 3
- 2
- 4
- 5
- 41
- 31
- 60
- 26
- 8
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of NUM
is 1.131579 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.685169).
The 1st highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “jeden”: jeden, jedno, jednoho, jednom, jednou, jedné, jedním.
The 2nd highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “dva”: dvou, dvě, dvěma.
The 3rd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “dvanáct”: dvanáct, dvanácti.
NUM
occurs with 7 features: cs-feat/NumForm (310; 100% instances), cs-feat/NumType (310; 100% instances), cs-feat/Case (46; 15% instances), cs-feat/Number (46; 15% instances), cs-feat/NumValue (38; 12% instances), cs-feat/Gender (32; 10% instances), cs-feat/Animacy (12; 4% instances)
NUM
occurs with 17 feature-value pairs: Animacy=Inan
, Case=Acc
, Case=Gen
, Case=Ins
, Case=Loc
, Case=Nom
, Gender=Fem
, Gender=Fem,Neut
, Gender=Masc
, Gender=Masc,Neut
, Gender=Neut
, NumForm=Roman
, NumForm=Word
, NumType=Card
, NumValue=1,2,3
, Number=Plur
, Number=Sing
NUM
occurs with 14 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card
(264 tokens).
Examples: 1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 41, 2004, 2008, 31, 2005
Relations
NUM
nodes are attached to their parents using 10 different relations: cs-dep/nummod (195; 63% instances), cs-dep/conj (30; 10% instances), cs-dep/obl (23; 7% instances), cs-dep/nmod (22; 7% instances), cs-dep/nummod:gov (19; 6% instances), cs-dep/advcl (10; 3% instances), cs-dep/obj (6; 2% instances), cs-dep/advmod (3; 1% instances), cs-dep/nsubj (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/orphan (1; 0% instances)
Parents of NUM
nodes belong to 6 different parts of speech: NOUN (237; 76% instances), VERB (32; 10% instances), NUM (29; 9% instances), ADV (6; 2% instances), ADJ (4; 1% instances), X (2; 1% instances)
161 (52%) NUM
nodes are leaves.
124 (40%) NUM
nodes have one child.
23 (7%) NUM
nodes have two children.
2 (1%) NUM
nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a NUM
node is 7.
Children of NUM
nodes are attached using 11 different relations: cs-dep/punct (76; 42% instances), cs-dep/conj (31; 17% instances), cs-dep/cc (24; 13% instances), cs-dep/nmod (22; 12% instances), cs-dep/advmod:emph (12; 7% instances), cs-dep/mark (10; 6% instances), cs-dep/case (2; 1% instances), cs-dep/cop (1; 1% instances), cs-dep/dep (1; 1% instances), cs-dep/nsubj (1; 1% instances), cs-dep/obl (1; 1% instances)
Children of NUM
nodes belong to 12 different parts of speech: PUNCT (76; 42% instances), NUM (29; 16% instances), CCONJ (18; 10% instances), NOUN (15; 8% instances), ADV (13; 7% instances), SCONJ (13; 7% instances), SYM (8; 4% instances), PART (3; 2% instances), ADP (2; 1% instances), X (2; 1% instances), AUX (1; 1% instances), PRON (1; 1% instances)
NUM in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]