vocative: vocative
The vocative relation is used to mark a dialogue participant addressed in a text (common in conversations, dialogue, emails, newsgroup postings, etc.).
The relation links the addressee’s name to its host sentence.
Carissimi , ho ricevuto con grande piacere la vostra lettera
vocative(ricevuto, Carissimi)
Signor presidente , onorevoli colleghi , buon anno e buon nuovo millennio .
vocative(anno, Signor)
vocative(anno, colleghi)
If the nominal is clearly vocative in intent, it is preferable to use the vocative relation.
Cittadini truffati da le piramidi , sostenete ci ancora e andate a protestare contro il Governo .
vocative(sostenete, Cittadini)
A vocative commonly co-occurs with a null subject.
" Chirac , ricorda ti Hiroshima "
vocative(ricorda, Chirac)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian)
This relation is universal.
100 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as vocative.
83 instances of vocative (83%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 7.54.
The following 12 pairs of parts of speech are connected with vocative: it-pos/VERB-it-pos/NOUN (69; 69% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/NOUN (12; 12% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/NOUN (4; 4% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/PROPN (4; 4% instances), it-pos/INTJ-it-pos/PROPN (3; 3% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/PROPN (2; 2% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/PROPN (1; 1% instances), it-pos/ADV-it-pos/NOUN (1; 1% instances), it-pos/AUX-it-pos/NOUN (1; 1% instances), it-pos/PRON-it-pos/PROPN (1; 1% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/PROPN (1; 1% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/ADJ (1; 1% instances).
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 4 vocative color:blue
1 " " PUNCT FB _ 7 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
2 No no INTJ I Polarity=Neg 7 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT FF _ 2 punct _ _
4 cattolici cattolico NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 vocative _ SpaceAfter=No
5 , , PUNCT FF _ 2 punct _ _
6 ci ci PRON PC Clitic=Yes|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 7 obj _ _
7 sposa sposare VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
8 il il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 9 det _ _
9 cardinale cardinale NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _
10 Puljic Puljic PROPN SP _ 9 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
11 " " PUNCT FB _ 7 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
12 . . PUNCT FS _ 7 punct _ _
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 2 vocative color:blue
1 Onorevole onorevole ADJ A Number=Sing 2 amod _ _
2 collega collega NOUN S Number=Sing 6 vocative _ SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT FF _ 2 punct _ _
4 sarà essere AUX V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _
5 mia mio DET AP Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 6 det:poss _ _
6 cura cura NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
7 verificare verificare VERB V VerbForm=Inf 6 csubj _ _
8 tale tale DET DD Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 9 det _ _
9 punto punto NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT FS _ 6 punct _ _
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 11 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 11 fgColor:white
# visual-style 11 1 vocative color:blue
1 Signor signore NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 vocative _ _
2 presidente presidente NOUN S Number=Sing 1 compound _ SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT FF _ 1 punct _ _
4 in in ADP E _ 6 case _ _
5 questo questo DET DD Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 6 det _ _
6 tipo tipo NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obl _ _
7 di di ADP E _ 8 case _ _
8 regolamentazioni regolamentazione NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 6 nmod _ _
9 è essere AUX V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 cop _ _
10 molto molto ADV B _ 11 advmod _ _
11 importante importante ADJ A Number=Sing 0 root _ _
12 sforzar sforzare VERB V VerbForm=Inf 11 csubj _ _
13 si si PRON PC Clitic=Yes|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 expl _ _
14 di di ADP E _ 16 mark _ _
15 essere essere AUX V VerbForm=Inf 16 cop _ _
16 flessibili flessibile ADJ A Number=Plur 12 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No
17 ; ; PUNCT FC _ 11 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian-ParTUT)
This relation is universal.
46 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as vocative.
40 instances of vocative (87%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 9.6304347826087.
The following 4 pairs of parts of speech are connected with vocative: it-pos/VERB-it-pos/NOUN (37; 80% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/NOUN (7; 15% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/NOUN (1; 2% instances), it-pos/ADV-it-pos/NOUN (1; 2% instances).
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 4 vocative color:blue
1 La la PRON PC Clitic=Yes|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obj _ _
2 ringrazio ringraziare VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT FF _ 8 punct _ _
4 onorevole onorevole NOUN S Number=Sing 2 vocative _ _
5 Segni Segni PROPN SP _ 4 flat _ SpaceAfter=No
6 , , PUNCT FF _ 8 punct _ _
7 lo lo PRON PC Clitic=Yes|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obj _ _
8 farò fare VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _
9 volentieri volentieri ADV B _ 8 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT FS _ 2 punct _ _
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 1 vocative color:blue
1 Signora signore NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 vocative _ _
2 presidente presidente NOUN S Number=Sing 1 compound _ SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT FF _ 1 punct _ _
4 un uno DET RI Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 5 det _ _
5 richiamo richiamo NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
6 a a ADP E _ 8 case _ _
7 il il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 8 det _ _
8 regolamento regolamento NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
9 . . PUNCT FS _ 5 punct _ _
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 1 vocative color:blue
1 Signora signore NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 vocative _ _
2 presidente presidente NOUN S Number=Sing 1 compound _ SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT FF _ 1 punct _ _
4 sarebbe essere AUX VA Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _
5 opportuno opportuno ADJ A Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
6 che che SCONJ CS _ 7 mark _ _
7 inviasse inviare VERB V Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 5 ccomp _ _
8 una uno DET RI Definite=Ind|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 9 det _ _
9 lettera lettera NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 obj _ _
10 a a ADP E _ 12 case _ _
11 la il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 12 det _ _
12 presidente presidente NOUN S Number=Sing 7 obl _ _
13 di di ADP E _ 15 case _ _
14 il il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 15 det _ _
15 Sri Sri PROPN SP _ 12 nmod _ _
16 Lanka Lanka PROPN SP _ 15 flat:name _ _
17 per per ADP E _ 18 mark _ _
18 esprimere esprimere VERB V VerbForm=Inf 7 advcl _ _
19 le il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 20 det _ _
20 condoglianze condoglianza NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 18 obj _ _
21 di di ADP E _ 23 case _ _
22 il il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 23 det _ _
23 parlamento parlamento NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 nmod _ _
24 per per ADP E _ 25 case _ _
25 questa questo PRON PD Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 20 nmod _ _
26 e e CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _
27 le il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 29 det _ _
28 altre altro ADJ A Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 29 amod _ _
29 morti morte NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 25 conj _ _
30 violente violento ADJ A Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 29 amod _ _
31 verificate verificare VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 acl _ _
32 si si PRON PC Clitic=Yes|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 expl _ _
33 in in ADP E _ 34 case _ _
34 Sri Sri PROPN SP _ 31 obl _ _
35 Lanka Lanka PROPN SP _ 34 flat:name _ _
36 e e CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _
37 per per ADP E _ 38 mark _ _
38 invitar invitare VERB V VerbForm=Inf 18 conj _ _
39 la la PRON PC Clitic=Yes|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 obj _ _
40 a a ADP E _ 41 mark _ _
41 fare fare VERB V VerbForm=Inf 38 xcomp _ _
42 quanto quanto PRON PR Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel 41 obj _ _
43 in in ADP E _ 45 case _ _
44 suo suo DET AP Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 45 det:poss _ _
45 potere potere NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 42 nmod _ _
46 a a ADP E _ 48 case _ _
47 il il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 48 det _ _
48 fine fine NOUN S Number=Sing 41 obl _ _
49 di di ADP E _ 50 mark _ _
50 giungere giungere VERB V VerbForm=Inf 48 acl _ _
51 a a ADP E _ 53 case _ _
52 una uno DET RI Definite=Ind|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 53 det _ _
53 riconciliazione riconciliazione NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 50 obl _ _
54 pacifica pacifico ADJ A Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 53 amod _ _
55 in in ADP E _ 57 case _ _
56 questa questo DET DD Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 57 det _ _
57 situazione situazione NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 50 obl _ _
58 assai assai ADV B _ 59 advmod _ _
59 difficile difficile ADJ A Number=Sing 57 amod _ SpaceAfter=No
60 . . PUNCT FS _ 5 punct _ _
vocative in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]