vocative: vocative
Used to mark direct forms of address, usually introduced by a definite article: ⲡⲉϣⲃⲣⲣϩⲱⲃ! ‘oh you accomplice!’. If the vocative forms the entire utterance, it is labeled vocative and functions as the root of the utterance. If there is a further proposition in the sentence (usually an imperative), then the vocative is attached to the root of the predication:
ⲡ/DET ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ/NOUN ⲁⲣⲓ/VERB ⲧ/DET ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ/NOUN \n Oh God, have mercy!
det(ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ, ⲡ)
vocative(ⲁⲣⲓ, ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ)
dobj(ⲁⲣⲓ, ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ)
det(ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ, ⲧ)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Coptic)
This relation is universal.
14 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as vocative.
7 instances of vocative (50%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 6.42857142857143.
The following 5 pairs of parts of speech are connected with vocative: cop-pos/VERB-cop-pos/NOUN (9; 64% instances), cop-pos/VERB-cop-pos/PROPN (2; 14% instances), cop-pos/NOUN-cop-pos/NOUN (1; 7% instances), cop-pos/VERB-cop-pos/PRON (1; 7% instances), cop-pos/X-cop-pos/PROPN (1; 7% instances).
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# visual-style 1 9 vocative color:blue
1 ϣⲛ ϣⲛ VERB V _ 0 root _ _
2 ϩⲧⲏ ϩⲏⲧ NOUN N _ 1 obj _ _
3 ⲕ ⲛⲧⲟⲕ PRON PPERO _ 2 det _ _
4 ϭⲉ ϭⲉ PART PTC _ 1 advmod _ _
5 ϩⲁ ϩⲁ ADP PREP _ 7 case _ _
6 ⲡⲉⲕ ⲡⲉⲕ DET PPOS _ 7 det _ _
7 ⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲗⲁⲟⲥ NOUN N _ 1 obl _ _
8 ⲡ ⲡ DET ART _ 9 det _ _
9 ϩⲁⲣϣϩⲏⲧ ϩⲁⲣϣϩⲏⲧ NOUN N _ 1 vocative _ _
10 ⲉⲧⲉ ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ SCONJ CREL _ 11 mark _ _
11 ⲛⲁϣⲉ ⲛⲁϣⲉ VERB VBD _ 9 acl _ _
12 ⲡⲉϥ ⲡⲉϥ DET PPOS _ 13 det _ _
13 ⲛⲁ ⲛⲁ NOUN N _ 11 nsubj _ _
14 · · PUNCT PUNCT _ 1 punct _ _
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# visual-style 17 21 vocative color:blue
1 ⲁ ⲁ AUX APST _ 3 aux _ _
2 ϥ ⲛⲧⲟϥ PRON PPERS _ 3 nsubj _ _
3 ⲱϣ ⲱϣ VERB V _ 0 root _ _
4 ⲇⲉ ⲇⲉ PART PTC _ 3 advmod _ _
5 ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ADV ADV _ 3 advmod _ _
6 ϩⲛ ϩⲛ ADP PREP _ 8 case _ _
7 ⲟⲩ ⲟⲩ DET ART _ 8 det _ _
8 ⲛⲟϭ ⲛⲟϭ NOUN N _ 3 obl _ _
9 ⲛ ⲛ ADP PREP _ 10 case _ _
10 ϩⲣⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲣⲟⲟⲩ NOUN N _ 8 nmod _ _
11 ⲉ ⲉⲣⲉ SCONJ CCIRC _ 13 mark _ _
12 ϥ ⲛⲧⲟϥ PRON PPERS _ 13 nsubj _ _
13 ϫⲱ ϫⲱ VERB V _ 3 advcl _ _
14 ⲙⲙⲟ ⲛ ADP PREP _ 15 case _ _
15 ⲥ ⲛⲧⲟⲥ PRON PPERO _ 13 obj _ _
16 ϫⲉ ϫⲉ CCONJ CONJ _ 17 mark _ _
17 ⲁϩⲣⲟ ⲁϩⲣⲟ VERB VBD _ 13 ccomp _ _
18 ⲕ ⲛⲧⲟⲕ PRON PPERS _ 17 nsubj _ _
19 ⲛⲙⲙⲁ ⲙⲛ ADP PREP _ 20 case _ _
20 ⲓ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ PRON PPERO _ 17 obl _ _
21 ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ PROPN NPROP _ 17 vocative _ _
22 ⲡ ⲡ DET ART _ 23 det _ _
23 ϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲣⲉ NOUN N _ 21 appos _ _
24 ⲙ ⲛ ADP PREP _ 26 case _ _
25 ⲡ ⲡ DET ART _ 26 det _ _
26 ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ NOUN N _ 23 nmod _ _
27 ⲉⲧ ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ SCONJ CREL _ 28 mark _ _
28 ϫⲟⲥⲉ ϫⲓⲥⲉ VERB VSTAT _ 26 acl _ _
29 ϯ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ PRON PPERS _ 30 nsubj _ _
30 ⲱⲣⲕ ⲱⲣⲕ VERB V _ 17 parataxis _ _
31 ⲉⲣⲟ ⲉ ADP PREP _ 32 case _ _
32 ⲕ ⲛⲧⲟⲕ PRON PPERO _ 30 obl _ _
33 ⲙ ⲛ ADP PREP _ 35 case _ _
34 ⲡ ⲡ DET ART _ 35 det _ _
35 ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ NOUN N _ 30 obl _ _
36 . . PUNCT PUNCT _ 3 punct _ _
37 ϫⲉ ϫⲉ CCONJ CONJ _ 40 mark _ _
38 ⲛⲛⲉ ⲛⲛⲉ AUX ANEGOPT _ 40 aux _ _
39 ⲕ ⲛⲧⲟⲕ PRON PPERS _ 40 nsubj _ _
40 ⲃⲁⲥⲁⲛⲓⲍⲉ ⲃⲁⲥⲁⲛⲓⲍⲉ VERB V _ 30 advcl _ _
41 ⲙⲙⲟ ⲛ ADP PREP _ 42 case _ _
42 ⲓ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ PRON PPERO _ 40 obj _ _
43 . . PUNCT PUNCT _ 3 punct _ _
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# visual-style 18 fgColor:white
# visual-style 18 17 vocative color:blue
1 ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲱ CCONJ CONJ _ 4 cc _ _
2 ⲛⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲛⲧⲉⲣⲉ SCONJ APREC _ 4 aux _ _
3 ϥ ⲛⲧⲟϥ PRON PPERS _ 4 nsubj _ _
4 ⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ ⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ VERB V _ 12 advcl _ _
5 ⲛ ⲛ ADP PREP _ 7 case _ _
6 ⲧ ⲡ DET ART _ 7 det _ _
7 ϭⲓϫ ϭⲓϫ NOUN N _ 4 obj _ _
8 ⲛ ⲛ ADP PREP _ 10 case _ _
9 ⲧ ⲡ DET ART _ 10 det _ _
10 ϣⲉⲉⲣⲉ ϣⲉⲉⲣⲉ NOUN N _ 7 nmod _ _
11 ϣⲏⲙ ϣⲏⲙ NOUN N _ 10 amod _ _
12 ⲡⲉϫⲁ ⲡⲉϫⲉ VERB VBD _ 0 root _ _
13 ϥ ⲛⲧⲟϥ PRON PPERS _ 12 nsubj _ _
14 ⲛⲁ ⲛⲁ ADP PREP _ 15 case _ _
15 ⲥ ⲛⲧⲟⲥ PRON PPERO _ 12 obl _ _
16 ϫⲉ ϫⲉ CCONJ CONJ _ 18 mark _ _
17 ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲓⲑⲁ ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲓⲑⲁ PROPN NPROP _ 18 vocative _ _
18 ⲕⲟⲩⲙ ⲕⲟⲩⲙ X FM _ 12 ccomp _ _
19 . . PUNCT PUNCT _ 12 punct _ _
20 ⲉⲧⲉ ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ SCONJ CREL _ 21 mark _ _
21 ⲡⲁⲓ ⲡⲁⲓ DET PDEM _ 18 acl _ _
22 ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉ PRON COP _ 21 cop _ _
23 ϣⲁ ϣⲁⲣⲉ AUX AAOR _ 25 aux _ _
24 ⲩ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ PRON PPERS _ 25 nsubj _ _
25 ⲟⲩⲁϩⲙⲉ ⲟⲩⲁϩⲙⲉ VERB V _ 21 discourse _ _
26 ϥ ⲛⲧⲟϥ PRON PPERO _ 25 obj _ _
27 ϫⲉ ϫⲉ CCONJ CONJ _ 31 mark _ _
28 ⲧ ⲡ DET ART _ 29 det _ _
29 ϣⲉⲉⲣⲉ ϣⲉⲉⲣⲉ NOUN N _ 31 vocative _ _
30 ϣⲏⲙ ϣⲏⲙ NOUN N _ 29 amod _ _
31 ⲉⲓ ⲉⲓ VERB V _ 21 csubj _ _
32 ϫⲉⲣⲟ ϫⲉⲣⲟ VERB V _ 31 acl _ _
33 ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ VERB V _ 32 ccomp _ _
34 ⲉ ⲛⲧⲟ PRON PPERO _ 33 obj _ _
vocative in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]