appos: appositional modifier
Marks appositions in all free apposition constructions, as well as the special construction with ⲛϭⲓ ‘namely’. Appositions are preferred to be marked from left to right, including in sentences with nominal subject after the verb (apposition from pronoun to noun). In cases where both a nominal and pronominal realization are given to the same argument with the same function, the tightly bound argument of the verb takes precedence in receiving subject or object marking, with subsequent realizations connected as appositions. Typical cases include normal apposition (two consecutive nominal expressions with same reference and grammatical function) and the ⲛϭⲓ construction.
ⲙⲛ/ADP ⲡⲉⲕ/DET ⲉⲓⲱⲧ/NOUN ⲡ/DET ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ/NOUN \n with your father, the devil
appos(ⲉⲓϣⲧ, ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ)
det(ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ, ⲡ)
det(ⲉⲓⲱⲧ, ⲡⲉⲕ)
ⲁ ϥ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ ⲛϭⲓ ⲡ ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ \n He heard, namely the devil.
appos(ϥ, ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ)
det(ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ, ⲡ)
case(ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ, ⲛϭⲓ)
In the first example, your father and the devil, refer to the same thing, and have the same function (both relate to with: with your father, i.e. with the devil). In the second example, an apposition to the pronoun ϥ ‘he’ is mediated by ⲛϭⲓ ‘namely, that is’, which is considered to be a case marker, like a preposition (but with nominative case). As usual, the apposition goes from left to right, to the lexical head ‘devil’ (he = devil).
Unusually, if a nominal subject or object is mentioned before an auxiliary and is then referred to by a pronoun in the verbal complex (e.g. ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ ‘the man, he heard’), the pronoun is treated as the subject or object, and the preceding noun is labeled dislocated.
Treebank Statistics (UD_Coptic)
This relation is universal.
45 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as appos.
45 instances of appos (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 3.6.
The following 12 pairs of parts of speech are connected with appos: cop-pos/PROPN-cop-pos/NOUN (16; 36% instances), cop-pos/NOUN-cop-pos/NOUN (8; 18% instances), cop-pos/NOUN-cop-pos/PROPN (5; 11% instances), cop-pos/PRON-cop-pos/NOUN (5; 11% instances), cop-pos/NOUN-cop-pos/DET (3; 7% instances), cop-pos/PRON-cop-pos/PRON (2; 4% instances), cop-pos/DET-cop-pos/DET (1; 2% instances), cop-pos/DET-cop-pos/PROPN (1; 2% instances), cop-pos/PROPN-cop-pos/DET (1; 2% instances), cop-pos/PROPN-cop-pos/PRON (1; 2% instances), cop-pos/VERB-cop-pos/DET (1; 2% instances), cop-pos/VERB-cop-pos/NOUN (1; 2% instances).
# visual-style 9 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 9 appos color:blue
1 ⲧ ⲡ DET ART _ 2 det _ _
2 ⲁⲣⲭⲏ ⲁⲣⲭⲏ NOUN N _ 0 root _ _
3 ⲙ ⲛ ADP PREP _ 5 case _ _
4 ⲡ ⲡ DET ART _ 5 det _ _
5 ⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ ⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ NOUN N _ 2 nmod _ _
6 ⲛ ⲛ ADP PREP _ 7 case _ _
7 ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ PROPN NPROP _ 5 nmod _ _
8 ⲡⲉ ⲡ DET ART _ 9 det _ _
9 ⲭⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲭⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ NOUN N _ 7 appos _ _
10 [ [ PUNCT PUNCT _ 2 punct _ _
11 ⲡ ⲡ DET ART _ 12 det _ _
12 ϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲣⲉ NOUN N _ 7 appos _ _
13 ⲙ ⲛ ADP PREP _ 15 case _ _
14 ⲡ ⲡ DET ART _ 15 det _ _
15 ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ NOUN N _ 12 nmod _ _
16 ] ] PUNCT PUNCT _ 2 punct _ _
17 . . PUNCT PUNCT _ 2 punct _ _
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 7 appos color:blue
1 ⲁ ⲁ AUX APST _ 4 aux _ _
2 ⲩ ⲟⲩ DET ART _ 3 det _ _
3 cⲟⲛ cⲟⲛ NOUN N _ 4 nsubj _ _
4 ⲕⲓⲙ ⲕⲓⲙ VERB V _ 0 root _ _
5 ϩⲙ ϩⲙ NOUN N _ 4 obj _ _
6 ⲡⲉϥ ⲡⲉϥ DET PPOS _ 7 det _ _
7 ϭⲱⲛⲧ ϭⲱⲛⲧ NOUN N _ 5 appos _ _
8 ⲉϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉϩⲟⲩⲛ ADV ADV _ 4 advmod _ _
9 ⲉ ⲉ ADP PREP _ 10 case _ _
10 ⲟⲩⲁ ⲟⲩⲁ NUM NUM _ 4 obl _ _
# visual-style 16 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 16 fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 16 appos color:blue
1 ϩⲉⲛ ⲟⲩ DET ART _ 2 det _ _
2 ⲕⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲕⲉ NOUN N _ 7 dislocated _ _
3 ⲟⲛ ⲟⲛ ADV ADV _ 5 advmod _ _
4 ⲉ ⲉ ADP PREP _ 5 mark _ _
5 ⲧⲣⲉ ⲧⲣⲉ VERB ACAUS _ 0 root _ _
6 ⲩ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ PRON PPERS _ 7 nsubj _ _
7 ⲥⲁⲛⲟⲩϣ ⲥⲁⲁⲛϣ VERB V _ 5 xcomp _ _
8 ⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ PRON PPERO _ 7 obj _ _
9 ⲛⲏ ⲛⲁ ADP PREP _ 10 case _ _
10 ⲧⲛ ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲛ PRON PPERO _ 7 obl _ _
11 ⲛ ⲛ ADP PREP _ 13 case _ _
12 ⲧⲉⲓ ⲡⲉⲓ DET PDEM _ 13 det _ _
13 ϩⲉ ϩⲉ NOUN N _ 7 obl _ _
14 ⲟⲛ ⲟⲛ ADV ADV _ 7 advmod _ _
15 ϩⲉⲛ ⲟⲩ DET ART _ 16 det _ _
16 ϩⲧⲟ ϩⲧⲟ NOUN N _ 8 appos _ _
17 , , PUNCT PUNCT _ 5 punct _ _
18 ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲱ CCONJ CONJ _ 20 cc _ _
19 ϩⲉⲛ ⲟⲩ DET ART _ 20 det _ _
20 ⲉⲓⲱ ⲉⲓⲱ NOUN N _ 16 conj _ _
21 , , PUNCT PUNCT _ 5 punct _ _
22 ⲙⲛ ⲙⲛ ADP PREP _ 32 cc _ _
23 ϩⲉⲛ ⲟⲩ DET ART _ 24 det _ _
24 ⲉⲥⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲥⲟⲟⲩ NOUN N _ 20 conj _ _
25 , , PUNCT PUNCT _ 5 punct _ _
26 ⲙⲛ ⲙⲛ ADP PREP _ 32 cc _ _
27 ϩⲉⲛ ⲟⲩ DET ART _ 28 det _ _
28 ⲙⲁⲥⲉ ⲙⲁⲥⲉ NOUN N _ 20 conj _ _
29 , , PUNCT PUNCT _ 5 punct _ _
30 ⲙⲛ ⲙⲛ ADP PREP _ 32 cc _ _
31 ϩⲉⲛ ⲟⲩ DET ART _ 32 det _ _
32 ⲣⲓⲣ ⲣⲓⲣ NOUN N _ 20 conj _ _
33 , , PUNCT PUNCT _ 5 punct _ _
appos in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]