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ADJ: adjective

Definition

Adjectives are words that typically modify nouns and specify their properties or attributes. Adjectives in Slovenian normally agree in gender, case and number with the noun they modify (both in attributive and predicative position), e.g. velik škandal “a big scandal” (masculine nominative singular), v velikih podjetjih “in big companies” (neuter locative plural) and Ponudba je velika. “The offer is big.” (feminine nominative singular).

In accordance with the universal description of ADJ, some words that have traditionally been categorized as numerals in Slovenian are also treated as adjectives, as they display similar morphological and syntactic properties. These include ordinal written numerals (e.g. prvi “the first”, drugi “the second”, tretji, “the third”) and tuples (e.g. enojen “single”, dvojen “double”, trojen “triple”).

In the same way, all adjectival participles are classified as adjectives, regardless of whether they are used as attributes (e.g. prepovedane substance “forbidden substances”), in copula constructions (e.g. kajenje je prepovedano “smoking is forbidden”) or in passive constructions (e.g. to ji je bilo prepovedano “it was forbidden to her”).

Examples

• star “old”, zelen “green”, nerazumljiv “incomprehensible”
• človekov “human’s”, Nobelov “Nobel’s”, kalcijev “calcium’s”
• znan “known”, zaposlen “employed”, povezan “connected”
• prvi “first”, drugi “second”, tretji “third”
• enojen “single”, dvojen “double”, trojen “triple”

Conversion from JOS

All adjectives are converted to ADJ. In addition to that, some numerals also become ADJ, namely: numerals with Form=letter and Type=ordinal; numeral with Form=letter, Type=ordinal and lemma drug; numerals with Form=letter, Type=special and lemma ending in -en.

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Slovenian)

There are 3610 ADJ lemmas (23%), 7481 ADJ types (25%) and 13529 ADJ tokens (11%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of ADJ is: 2 in number of lemmas, 2 in number of types and 3 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADJ lemmas: drug, velik, nov, prvi, slovenski, sam, dober, evropski, zadnji, različen

The 10 most frequent ADJ types: drugi, prvi, druge, mogoče, sam, nove, novo, drugih, različnih, slovenski

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: mlad (ADJ 61, NOUN 1), pravi (ADJ 58, NOUN 1), dolg (ADJ 53, NOUN 7), svet (NOUN 117, ADJ 15), poceni (ADJ 14, ADV 1), moški (NOUN 21, ADJ 13), gost (NOUN 16, ADJ 11), razen (ADJ 11, ADP 7), peti (ADJ 7, VERB 4), gol (ADJ 6, NOUN 2)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: mogoče (ADJ 57, ADV 5), sam (ADJ 46, PART 7), veliko (DET 81, ADJ 34), jasno (ADJ 21, ADV 8), pravi (VERB 29, ADJ 21), težko (ADV 19, ADJ 18), dobro (ADV 41, ADJ 16, NOUN 2), lepo (ADJ 14, ADV 13), posebno (ADV 10, ADJ 9), primerno (ADJ 11, ADV 2)

• mogoče
  • ADJ 57: » Seveda ni mogoče ničesar narediti čez noč .
  • ADV 5: Da je bil mogoče ranjen ali da je izgubil spomin .
• sam
  • ADJ 46: ” En sam napad smo predolgo vztrajali na conski obrambi .
  • PART 7: — Ma , morš izpast totalno navdušen , sam pol pa vseen zajebat .
• veliko
  • DET 81: Ali ima center veliko dela spričo tako hudih medvrstniških obračunavanj ?
  • ADJ 34: Na zadnji hrbtni bodici ima veliko črno piko .
• jasno
  • ADJ 21: ” Ni mi jasno , zakaj se hočejo znebiti tebe , “ je rekel kolegu .
  • ADV 8: Je pa treba nekaj jasno vedeti .
• pravi
  • VERB 29: Že star rek pravi , da zdravnik pomaga , narava pa pozdravi .
  • ADJ 21: Zanje so vojaki iz mirovnih enot pravi bogataši .
• težko
  • ADV 19: Če se težko sprijaznite z njenim položajem , se skušajte mirno pogovoriti z njo .
  • ADJ 18: Buč ni težko gojiti .
• dobro
  • ADV 41: ” Francozi so po njegovem mnenju igrali dobro tudi v obrambi .
  • ADJ 16: V njih iščejo dobro in nemalokrat odkrijejo tudi skrito nadarjenost .
  • NOUN 2: Denar sam po sebi ni ne dobro ne zlo , eno ali drugo postane šele v zvezi s človekovim delovanjem .
• lepo
  • ADJ 14: To pa res ni lepo od Jožeta ! «
  • ADV 13: Zelo lepo je .
• posebno
  • ADV 10: Tudi če bi kdo hotel , se ne more kaj posebno pregrešiti s požrešnostjo .
  • ADJ 9: Navidezno anahronistični poziv k milosrčju v sodobnem svetu vendarle ohranja posebno aktualnost .
• primerno
  • ADJ 11: Mi bomo naredili vse v odnosu do navijačev in za primerno varovanje .
  • ADV 2: Pet enot so namenili invalidom in jih temu primerno tudi opremili ter omogočili dostop na vozičkih .

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADJ is 2.072299 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.870691).

The 1st highest number of forms (29) was observed with the lemma “velik”: Velikega, največja, največje, največjega, največjem, največji, največjih, največjim, največjima, največjo, tavelzga, velik, velika, velike, velikem, velikemu, veliki, velikih, velikim, velikimi, veliko, večja, večje, večjega, večjem, večji, večjih, večjimi, večjo.

The 2nd highest number of forms (24) was observed with the lemma “majhen”: majhen, majhna, majhne, majhnega, majhnemu, majhni, majhnih, majhnim, majhnimi, majhno, manjša, manjše, manjšem, manjšemu, manjši, manjših, manjšim, manjšimi, manjšo, mejhen, najmanjša, najmanjše, najmanjši, najmanjših.

The 3rd highest number of forms (23) was observed with the lemma “dober”: boljša, boljše, boljšega, boljšem, boljši, boljših, dober, dobra, dobre, dobrega, dobri, dobrih, dobrim, dobrimi, dobro, najboljša, najboljše, najboljšega, najboljšem, najboljši, najboljših, najboljšim, najboljšo.

ADJ occurs with 8 features: sl-feat/Case (13529; 100% instances), sl-feat/Gender (13529; 100% instances), sl-feat/Number (13529; 100% instances), sl-feat/Degree (12905; 95% instances), sl-feat/Definite (1865; 14% instances), sl-feat/VerbForm (1728; 13% instances), sl-feat/Poss (351; 3% instances), sl-feat/NumType (295; 2% instances)

ADJ occurs with 21 feature-value pairs: Case=Acc, Case=Dat, Case=Gen, Case=Ins, Case=Loc, Case=Nom, Definite=Def, Definite=Ind, Degree=Cmp, Degree=Pos, Degree=Sup, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Gender=Neut, NumType=Mult, NumType=Ord, Number=Dual, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Poss=Yes, VerbForm=Part

ADJ occurs with 259 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing (912 tokens). Examples: sama, velika, nova, slovenska, edina, lepa, dobra, prava, stara, primerna

Relations

ADJ nodes are attached to their parents using 15 different relations: sl-dep/amod (10564; 78% instances), sl-dep/root (944; 7% instances), sl-dep/conj (726; 5% instances), sl-dep/obl (261; 2% instances), sl-dep/acl (236; 2% instances), sl-dep/advcl (153; 1% instances), sl-dep/ccomp (147; 1% instances), sl-dep/parataxis (136; 1% instances), sl-dep/nsubj (127; 1% instances), sl-dep/xcomp (120; 1% instances), sl-dep/obj (47; 0% instances), sl-dep/csubj (38; 0% instances), sl-dep/fixed (16; 0% instances), sl-dep/iobj (11; 0% instances), sl-dep/nmod (3; 0% instances)

Parents of ADJ nodes belong to 11 different parts of speech: NOUN (10504; 78% instances), VERB (972; 7% instances), ROOT (944; 7% instances), ADJ (736; 5% instances), PROPN (246; 2% instances), PRON (63; 0% instances), DET (25; 0% instances), ADV (18; 0% instances), NUM (12; 0% instances), X (8; 0% instances), INTJ (1; 0% instances)

9865 (73%) ADJ nodes are leaves.

1477 (11%) ADJ nodes have one child.

408 (3%) ADJ nodes have two children.

1779 (13%) ADJ nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADJ node is 11.

Children of ADJ nodes are attached using 24 different relations: sl-dep/punct (2151; 19% instances), sl-dep/cop (1729; 15% instances), sl-dep/advmod (1680; 15% instances), sl-dep/nsubj (976; 9% instances), sl-dep/obl (968; 9% instances), sl-dep/conj (757; 7% instances), sl-dep/cc (576; 5% instances), sl-dep/mark (517; 5% instances), sl-dep/aux (478; 4% instances), sl-dep/nmod (245; 2% instances), sl-dep/case (243; 2% instances), sl-dep/parataxis (207; 2% instances), sl-dep/csubj (199; 2% instances), sl-dep/obj (159; 1% instances), sl-dep/advcl (148; 1% instances), sl-dep/ccomp (66; 1% instances), sl-dep/nummod (54; 0% instances), sl-dep/amod (24; 0% instances), sl-dep/acl (17; 0% instances), sl-dep/cc:preconj (11; 0% instances), sl-dep/discourse (11; 0% instances), sl-dep/xcomp (7; 0% instances), sl-dep/expl (4; 0% instances), sl-dep/appos (1; 0% instances)

Children of ADJ nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: AUX (2207; 20% instances), PUNCT (2151; 19% instances), NOUN (1864; 17% instances), ADV (1090; 10% instances), ADJ (736; 7% instances), CCONJ (692; 6% instances), VERB (666; 6% instances), SCONJ (516; 5% instances), PART (432; 4% instances), DET (252; 2% instances), ADP (225; 2% instances), PRON (172; 2% instances), PROPN (151; 1% instances), NUM (67; 1% instances), X (4; 0% instances), INTJ (3; 0% instances)

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Slovenian-SST)

There are 534 ADJ lemmas (17%), 789 ADJ types (17%) and 1093 ADJ tokens (6%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of ADJ is: 3 in number of lemmas, 3 in number of types and 10 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADJ lemmas: drug, dober, prvi, sam, velik, glaven, lep, star, mali, nov

The 10 most frequent ADJ types: dobro, drugi, dober, prvi, drugo, drugega, glavnem, rdeča, lep, sami

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: peti (ADJ 5, VERB 2), super (ADV 8, ADJ 3), dolg (NOUN 2, ADJ 2), moški (NOUN 3, ADJ 2), dan (NOUN 29, ADJ 1), fajn (ADV 5, ADJ 1), frej (ADJ 1, ADV 1), gol (NOUN 2, ADJ 1), kamen (NOUN 2, ADJ 1), kul (ADV 2, ADJ 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: dobro (ADV 29, ADJ 12), drugo (ADJ 9, NOUN 1), zanimivo (ADJ 5, ADV 3), stara (ADJ 4, VERB 1), malo (DET 35, ADJ 3), prvo (ADV 4, ADJ 3), super (ADV 8, ADJ 3), celo (PART 6, ADJ 2), enostavno (ADJ 2, ADV 1), jasno (ADJ 2, ADV 1)

• dobro
  • ADV 29: aha dobro okej
  • ADJ 12: o svojem nasledniku vse dobro tudi aktualni minister za finance
• drugo
  • ADJ 9: drugo stopalo gor koleno dol in spustite
  • NOUN 1: tedaj pa eno drugo poišči ta žena tako stara ven izgleda eno mlajšo poišči a tukaj je še heidi notri
• zanimivo
  • ADJ 5: prehladil kaj mišice in pol bo pa zanimivo
  • ADV 3: zanimivo [name:personal] se strinjamo
• stara
  • ADJ 4: eee stara osemdeset let zelo živahna
  • VERB 1: veš ti si moraš sebi primerno izbrati razumeš da se s tabo stara da je pol da sta isto skupaj upognjena pa to [audience:laughter]
• malo
  • DET 35: in spodaj so vsi komentini malo istrijani malo po hrvaško
  • ADJ 3: ker nama je bilo ful všeč tako malo mestece tako mir kar pa [gap]
• prvo
  • ADV 4: plačilo recimo prvo no da to spravimo
  • ADJ 3: prvo besedilo a ga lahko kar prebere nekdo
• super
  • ADV 8: ja zdaj če se če se vam zdi frizer če ga damo med nezasebne super
  • ADJ 3: super ! [incident]
• celo
  • PART 6: vemo da ima rada škofjo loko celo njen zmenek v blaževi ulici nam je znan
  • ADJ 2: jaz sem prej tako celo skledo teh flancatov snedla
• enostavno
  • ADJ 2: saj saj je zelo enostavno www pika [name:personal] [name:surname] pika com
  • ADV 1: a veš in sem pozabila enostavno … tisti
• jasno
  • ADJ 2: jutri in v nedeljo bomo imeli delno jasno vreme jutri so še možne kakšne popoldanske plohe tudi topleje bo temperature do dvajset stopinj
  • ADV 1: toda jasno ob vidiču in ferdinandu nima dosti možnosti za igranje

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADJ is 1.477528 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.494596).

The 1st highest number of forms (11) was observed with the lemma “drug”: drug, druga, druge, drugega, drugem, drugemu, drugi, drugih, drugim, drugimi, drugo.

The 2nd highest number of forms (11) was observed with the lemma “velik”: največja, največje, največji, velik, velika, velike, velikega, veliko, večja, večje, večji.

The 3rd highest number of forms (10) was observed with the lemma “dober”: boljše, boljšem, boljši, dober, dobra, dobri, dobrih, dobrimi, dobro, najboljša.

ADJ occurs with 9 features: sl-feat/Case (1093; 100% instances), sl-feat/Gender (1093; 100% instances), sl-feat/Number (1093; 100% instances), sl-feat/Degree (981; 90% instances), sl-feat/Definite (205; 19% instances), sl-feat/VerbForm (128; 12% instances), sl-feat/NumType (62; 6% instances), sl-feat/Poss (21; 2% instances), sl-feat/PronType (21; 2% instances)

ADJ occurs with 22 feature-value pairs: Case=Acc, Case=Dat, Case=Gen, Case=Ins, Case=Loc, Case=Nom, Definite=Def, Definite=Ind, Degree=Cmp, Degree=Pos, Degree=Sup, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Gender=Neut, NumType=Mult, NumType=Ord, Number=Dual, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Poss=Yes, PronType=Prs, VerbForm=Part

ADJ occurs with 136 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing (121 tokens). Examples: rdeča, lepa, glavna, stara, edina, rotacijska, sama, sigurna, dobra, logična

Relations

ADJ nodes are attached to their parents using 23 different relations: sl-dep/amod (644; 59% instances), sl-dep/root (123; 11% instances), sl-dep/conj (62; 6% instances), sl-dep/parataxis (52; 5% instances), sl-dep/obl (39; 4% instances), sl-dep/xcomp (30; 3% instances), sl-dep/obj (23; 2% instances), sl-dep/nsubj (21; 2% instances), sl-dep/acl (19; 2% instances), sl-dep/ccomp (18; 2% instances), sl-dep/nmod (16; 1% instances), sl-dep/advcl (15; 1% instances), sl-dep/reparandum (6; 1% instances), sl-dep/appos (5; 0% instances), sl-dep/advmod (4; 0% instances), sl-dep/fixed (4; 0% instances), sl-dep/parataxis:restart (4; 0% instances), sl-dep/vocative (3; 0% instances), sl-dep/cc (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/csubj (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/dislocated (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/orphan (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/parataxis:discourse (1; 0% instances)

Parents of ADJ nodes belong to 12 different parts of speech: NOUN (656; 60% instances), VERB (185; 17% instances), ROOT (123; 11% instances), ADJ (59; 5% instances), DET (24; 2% instances), PROPN (16; 1% instances), ADV (9; 1% instances), NUM (9; 1% instances), PRON (7; 1% instances), PART (2; 0% instances), X (2; 0% instances), INTJ (1; 0% instances)

675 (62%) ADJ nodes are leaves.

149 (14%) ADJ nodes have one child.

69 (6%) ADJ nodes have two children.

200 (18%) ADJ nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADJ node is 13.

Children of ADJ nodes are attached using 31 different relations: sl-dep/advmod (265; 22% instances), sl-dep/cop (197; 16% instances), sl-dep/nsubj (97; 8% instances), sl-dep/cc (66; 5% instances), sl-dep/conj (54; 4% instances), sl-dep/obl (54; 4% instances), sl-dep/mark (52; 4% instances), sl-dep/punct (52; 4% instances), sl-dep/discourse (48; 4% instances), sl-dep/case (46; 4% instances), sl-dep/discourse:filler (44; 4% instances), sl-dep/reparandum (43; 4% instances), sl-dep/aux (42; 3% instances), sl-dep/parataxis (38; 3% instances), sl-dep/advcl (22; 2% instances), sl-dep/det (22; 2% instances), sl-dep/nmod (21; 2% instances), sl-dep/obj (11; 1% instances), sl-dep/parataxis:discourse (11; 1% instances), sl-dep/csubj (10; 1% instances), sl-dep/nummod (7; 1% instances), sl-dep/ccomp (6; 0% instances), sl-dep/conj:extend (5; 0% instances), sl-dep/appos (3; 0% instances), sl-dep/expl (3; 0% instances), sl-dep/acl (2; 0% instances), sl-dep/xcomp (2; 0% instances), sl-dep/amod (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/dislocated (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/goeswith (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/vocative (1; 0% instances)

Children of ADJ nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: AUX (240; 20% instances), ADV (171; 14% instances), NOUN (120; 10% instances), PART (105; 9% instances), CCONJ (89; 7% instances), VERB (81; 7% instances), DET (77; 6% instances), X (64; 5% instances), ADJ (59; 5% instances), SCONJ (55; 4% instances), ADP (52; 4% instances), INTJ (48; 4% instances), PRON (30; 2% instances), PUNCT (14; 1% instances), NUM (11; 1% instances), PROPN (11; 1% instances)

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ADJ in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]

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