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ADJ: adjective

Definition

Adjectives are words that typically modify nouns and specify their properties or attributes. They may also function as predicates, as in

その 車 は 赤い “The car is red.”

The ADJ tag is intended for ordinary adjectives only. See DET for determiners and NUM for cardinal numerals.

Nominal adjectives (自由  “free”) are also classified into ADJ, which are a kind of noun but behave like ordinary adjectives in being followed by an auxiliary verb (e.g. だ). In UniDic, this kind of nouns is tagged with noun (common.adjectival)/名詞-普通名詞-形状詞可能. Note that they are tagged NOUN when they are used as nouns (e.g. 自由 を 手に入れる  “gain freedom”).

Japanese has a small group of adnominal words (adnominal) that usually precede noun phrases like adjectives, but do not conjugate. In Universal PoS, th limited number of pronominal adjectives (e.g. あの  “that”, どの  “which”) are classified into determiner DET, but the other adnimonal words are tagged ADJ (e.g. 同じ  “same”, 大きな  “big”).

Examples

References


Treebank Statistics (UD_Japanese)

There are 973 ADJ lemmas (4%), 1132 ADJ types (5%) and 4896 ADJ tokens (3%). Out of 14 observed tags, the rank of ADJ is: 4 in number of lemmas, 4 in number of types and 8 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADJ lemmas: この, その, ない, 多い, 同, 可能, 的だ, いい, 高い, よい

The 10 most frequent ADJ types: この, その, ない, 多い, 同, 可能, いい, 同じ, なく, 必要

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: ない (AUX 1038, ADJ 215), 同 (ADJ 80, NOUN 22, PART 9), 可能 (ADJ 66, NOUN 2), よい (ADJ 60, AUX 9), 良い (ADJ 60, AUX 10), 必要 (ADJ 49, NOUN 27), 非常 (ADJ 35, NOUN 3), 元 (ADJ 32, NOUN 20, PROPN 1), 別 (ADJ 27, NOUN 16), すぐ (ADJ 25, ADV 7)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: ない (AUX 511, ADJ 127), 同 (ADJ 80, NOUN 22, PART 9), 可能 (ADJ 66, NOUN 2), いい (ADJ 56, VERB 3), 同じ (ADJ 56, VERB 1), なく (AUX 120, ADJ 54), 必要 (ADJ 49, NOUN 27), 多く (NOUN 58, ADJ 45), よく (ADJ 38, AUX 2), 非常 (ADJ 35, NOUN 3)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADJ is 1.163412 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.059217).

The 1st highest number of forms (8) was observed with the lemma “ない”: ない, ないです, なかっ, なき, なく, なけれ, なさ, なし.

The 2nd highest number of forms (6) was observed with the lemma “よい”: よい, よいです, よかっ, よく, よけれ, よさ.

The 3rd highest number of forms (6) was observed with the lemma “良い”: 良, 良い, 良いです, 良かっ, 良く, 良さ.

ADJ does not occur with any features.

Relations

ADJ nodes are attached to their parents using 5 different relations: ja-dep/acl (2918; 60% instances), ja-dep/det (763; 16% instances), ja-dep/amod (617; 13% instances), ja-dep/root (576; 12% instances), ja-dep/csubj (22; 0% instances)

Parents of ADJ nodes belong to 10 different parts of speech: NOUN (2691; 55% instances), VERB (1249; 26% instances), ROOT (576; 12% instances), ADJ (240; 5% instances), PROPN (70; 1% instances), NUM (47; 1% instances), ADV (8; 0% instances), PRON (8; 0% instances), CCONJ (5; 0% instances), ADP (2; 0% instances)

1809 (37%) ADJ nodes are leaves.

1357 (28%) ADJ nodes have one child.

552 (11%) ADJ nodes have two children.

1178 (24%) ADJ nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADJ node is 11.

Children of ADJ nodes are attached using 18 different relations: ja-dep/aux (2356; 31% instances), ja-dep/punct (985; 13% instances), ja-dep/nsubj (855; 11% instances), ja-dep/acl (772; 10% instances), ja-dep/obl (744; 10% instances), ja-dep/mark (479; 6% instances), ja-dep/case (425; 6% instances), ja-dep/advmod (330; 4% instances), ja-dep/compound (216; 3% instances), ja-dep/iobj (165; 2% instances), ja-dep/cop (106; 1% instances), ja-dep/fixed (95; 1% instances), ja-dep/obj (50; 1% instances), ja-dep/nummod (36; 0% instances), ja-dep/csubj (34; 0% instances), ja-dep/amod (26; 0% instances), ja-dep/det (6; 0% instances), ja-dep/nmod (2; 0% instances)

Children of ADJ nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: AUX (2456; 32% instances), NOUN (1877; 24% instances), PUNCT (1043; 14% instances), VERB (580; 8% instances), ADP (417; 5% instances), SCONJ (342; 4% instances), ADV (271; 4% instances), ADJ (240; 3% instances), PART (189; 2% instances), PROPN (96; 1% instances), CCONJ (63; 1% instances), PRON (56; 1% instances), NUM (40; 1% instances), SYM (12; 0% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_Japanese-KTC)

There are 188 ADJ lemmas (4%), 1 ADJ types (6%) and 3509 ADJ tokens (2%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of ADJ is: 4 in number of lemmas, 1 in number of types and 9 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADJ lemmas: _, 無い, 良い, 多い, 強い, 大きい, 早い, 何の, 少ない, 高い

The 10 most frequent ADJ types: _

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: _ (NOUN 52356, ADP 40131, PUNCT 20670, AUX 7362, SCONJ 6334, NUM 6286, VERB 6156, ADJ 2302, PART 1887, CONJ 1517, PROPN 1293, ADV 1200, SYM 865, PRON 102, DET 68, INTJ 8), 無い (AUX 359, ADJ 312), 良い (ADJ 62, AUX 45, VERB 1, ADV 1), 多い (ADJ 53, NOUN 1), 早い (ADJ 40, ADV 1), 或る (ADJ 14, VERB 3), 良く (ADV 19, ADJ 4), 遥か (NOUN 12, ADJ 4), 我が (ADJ 3, PART 1), 欲しい (AUX 68, ADJ 3)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: _ (NOUN 59392, ADP 40132, PUNCT 20670, AUX 20538, VERB 17383, NUM 7782, SCONJ 6539, PROPN 5774, ADJ 3509, CONJ 1977, ADV 1949, PART 1921, SYM 865, DET 751, PRON 744, INTJ 17)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADJ is 0.005319 (the average of all parts of speech is 0.003541).

The 1st highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “_”: _.

The 2nd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “か細い”: _.

The 3rd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “きつい”: _.

ADJ does not occur with any features.

Relations

ADJ nodes are attached to their parents using 15 different relations: ja-dep/amod (1309; 37% instances), ja-dep/root (514; 15% instances), ja-dep/acl (415; 12% instances), ja-dep/nmod (400; 11% instances), ja-dep/advmod (247; 7% instances), ja-dep/advcl (179; 5% instances), ja-dep/dep (144; 4% instances), ja-dep/iobj (107; 3% instances), ja-dep/conj (71; 2% instances), ja-dep/ccomp (66; 2% instances), ja-dep/csubj (25; 1% instances), ja-dep/nsubj (18; 1% instances), ja-dep/compound (10; 0% instances), ja-dep/dobj (3; 0% instances), ja-dep/case (1; 0% instances)

Parents of ADJ nodes belong to 9 different parts of speech: NOUN (1912; 54% instances), VERB (952; 27% instances), ROOT (514; 15% instances), ADJ (105; 3% instances), PROPN (17; 0% instances), ADV (5; 0% instances), PRON (2; 0% instances), CONJ (1; 0% instances), NUM (1; 0% instances)

1250 (36%) ADJ nodes are leaves.

949 (27%) ADJ nodes have one child.

384 (11%) ADJ nodes have two children.

926 (26%) ADJ nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADJ node is 10.

Children of ADJ nodes are attached using 20 different relations: ja-dep/aux (1377; 24% instances), ja-dep/punct (1039; 18% instances), ja-dep/nsubj (946; 16% instances), ja-dep/dep (554; 10% instances), ja-dep/nmod (455; 8% instances), ja-dep/mark (415; 7% instances), ja-dep/advmod (227; 4% instances), ja-dep/iobj (201; 3% instances), ja-dep/case (193; 3% instances), ja-dep/cc (88; 2% instances), ja-dep/cop (61; 1% instances), ja-dep/neg (56; 1% instances), ja-dep/csubj (50; 1% instances), ja-dep/conj (45; 1% instances), ja-dep/advcl (20; 0% instances), ja-dep/ccomp (12; 0% instances), ja-dep/dobj (10; 0% instances), ja-dep/compound (2; 0% instances), ja-dep/acl (1; 0% instances), ja-dep/discourse (1; 0% instances)

Children of ADJ nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: NOUN (1666; 29% instances), AUX (1511; 26% instances), PUNCT (1036; 18% instances), VERB (380; 7% instances), ADP (363; 6% instances), ADV (232; 4% instances), SCONJ (205; 4% instances), ADJ (105; 2% instances), CONJ (94; 2% instances), PART (70; 1% instances), PRON (45; 1% instances), PROPN (36; 1% instances), NUM (4; 0% instances), SYM (3; 0% instances), INTJ (2; 0% instances), DET (1; 0% instances)


ADJ in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]