ADJ
: adjective
Definition
Adjectives are words that typically modify nouns and specify their properties or attributes. They may also function as predicates, as in
El coche es verde. “The car is green.”
In Spanish, adjectives normally follow the noun, e.g. La casa amarilla “The yellow house”, although sometimes they may also precede the noun, e.g. La blanca nieve “The white snow”.
Adjectives in Spanish agree in number and gender with the noun they modify, e.g. la casa amarilla (femenine singular), las casas amarillas (femenine plural).
The class of adjectives in Spanish UD also includes ordinal numbers and participial adjectives, both behaving as adjectives morphologically and syntactically. Note that participles are word forms that may share properties and usage of adjectives and verbs. Depending on context, they may be classified as either VERB or ADJ.
To conform to the UD guidelines, possessive adjectives are handled as determiners DET.
Examples
- grande “big”
- viejo “old”
- verde “green”
- incomprensible “incomprehensible”
- primero “first”, segundo “second”, tercero “third”
Treebank Statistics (UD_Spanish)
There are 4699 ADJ
lemmas (12%), 6768 ADJ
types (13%) and 24224 ADJ
tokens (6%).
Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of ADJ
is: 3 in number of lemmas, 4 in number of types and 7 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent ADJ
lemmas: primero, nuevo, mismo, gran, mayor, principal, buen, segundo, último, pequeño
The 10 most frequent ADJ
types: gran, primera, primer, mismo, mayor, nuevo, estadounidense, total, mejor, grandes
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: primero (ADJ 614, NOUN 44, PROPN 27, ADV 23), nuevo (ADJ 396, PROPN 40, NOUN 7, ADV 1), mismo (ADJ 314, NOUN 100, PRON 8, ADV 1), gran (ADJ 266, PROPN 47), mayor (ADJ 226, NOUN 10, PROPN 9, ADV 2, X 1), principal (ADJ 195, PROPN 3, NOUN 2), buen (ADJ 193, PROPN 4, NOUN 1), segundo (ADJ 186, NOUN 46, PROPN 27, VERB 1), último (ADJ 184, NOUN 61, PROPN 2, X 1), pequeño (ADJ 180, NOUN 6, PROPN 2)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: primera (ADJ 236, NOUN 12), primer (ADJ 240, PROPN 1), mismo (ADJ 197, NOUN 52, PRON 3, ADV 1), mayor (ADJ 183, NOUN 4, ADV 2, PROPN 2, X 1), nuevo (ADJ 175, ADV 1), estadounidense (ADJ 151, NOUN 2), total (ADJ 133, NOUN 79), mejor (ADJ 116, ADV 27, NOUN 24), grandes (ADJ 111, NOUN 9), nueva (ADJ 111, NOUN 3)
- primera
- primer
- ADJ 240: Incluido en su primer disco como el segundo corte .
- PROPN 1: El paso también conocido con el nombre de “ primer y mayor paso bajo el cielo “ ( chino : 天下第一 雄关 ) , no debe confundir se con el “ Primer Paso bajo el Cielo “ ( chino : 天下第一 关 ) , un nombre de el Paso Shanhai en el extremo oriental de la Gran Muralla , cerca de Qinhuangdao , en Hebei .
- mismo
- ADJ 197: En ese mismo año fue campeón de Francia de persecución .
- NOUN 52: Lo mismo ocurre debido a agitaciones de el vehículo en movimiento .
- PRON 3: Los ministros miembros de las Fuerzas Nuevas iniciarion un boicot a el Gobierno en septiembre de 2003 para regresar a el mismo en enero de 2004 .
- ADV 1: Vodafone España todavía no ha desvelado los detalles de el lanzamiento de el Samsung Galaxy Tab 10.1v , parece que en Portugal ya están preparados para comenzar con la venta desde mañana mismo .
- mayor
- ADJ 183: Esta obra se erige en la plaza mayor de Bogotá desde 1848 .
- NOUN 4: El mayor fue quien anunció a Alejandro que Darío había sido arrestado por Besos .
- ADV 2: La ubicación en Hobart tiene una tienda que contiene la mayor parte de la línea “ Botanic Choice “ y también vende productos a el por mayor .
- PROPN 2: El paso también conocido con el nombre de “ primer y mayor paso bajo el cielo “ ( chino : 天下第一 雄关 ) , no debe confundir se con el “ Primer Paso bajo el Cielo “ ( chino : 天下第一 关 ) , un nombre de el Paso Shanhai en el extremo oriental de la Gran Muralla , cerca de Qinhuangdao , en Hebei .
- X 1: La ciudad se administra mediante un alcalde ( mayor ) elegido cada cuatro años , y un concejo ( Common Council ) de doce miembros ( alderpersons ) elegidos cada dos años en base a uno por cada uno de los doce distritos electorales municipales .
- nuevo
- ADJ 175: Así que debemos dar le la bienvenida a el nuevo sistema .
- ADV 1: Dos grupos de delfines que sumaban nueve ejemplares vararon este sábado en dos diferentes puntos de la costa asturiana , según ha informado la Coordinadora para el Estudio y la Protección de las Especies Marinas ( Cepesma ) , que ha indicado que fueron salvados siete y llevados de nuevo a mar abierto .
- estadounidense
- total
- mejor
- grandes
- nueva
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of ADJ
is 1.440306 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.255824).
The 1st highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “primero”: primer, primera, primeras, primero, primeros.
The 2nd highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “tercero”: tercer, tercera, terceras, tercero, terceros.
The 3rd highest number of forms (4) was observed with the lemma “abierto”: abierta, abiertas, abierto, abiertos.
ADJ
occurs with 6 features: es-feat/Number (23550; 97% instances), es-feat/Gender (14984; 62% instances), es-feat/VerbForm (1940; 8% instances), es-feat/NumType (926; 4% instances), es-feat/Degree (573; 2% instances), es-feat/Polarity (1; 0% instances)
ADJ
occurs with 12 feature-value pairs: Degree=Abs
, Degree=Cmp
, Degree=Sup
, Gender=Fem
, Gender=Masc
, NumType=Ord
, Number=Plur
, Number=Sing
, Polarity=Neg
, VerbForm=Ger
, VerbForm=Inf
, VerbForm=Part
ADJ
occurs with 34 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is Number=Sing
(5769 tokens).
Examples: gran, estadounidense, total, primera, primer, nacional, principal, importante, mismo, general
Relations
ADJ
nodes are attached to their parents using 29 different relations: es-dep/amod (19510; 81% instances), es-dep/conj (1389; 6% instances), es-dep/root (999; 4% instances), es-dep/nummod (880; 4% instances), es-dep/xcomp (305; 1% instances), es-dep/acl:relcl (177; 1% instances), es-dep/ccomp (154; 1% instances), es-dep/parataxis (154; 1% instances), es-dep/advcl (153; 1% instances), es-dep/case (114; 0% instances), es-dep/appos (98; 0% instances), es-dep/fixed (50; 0% instances), es-dep/csubj (39; 0% instances), es-dep/acl (29; 0% instances), es-dep/dep (24; 0% instances), es-dep/advmod (23; 0% instances), es-dep/nsubj (22; 0% instances), es-dep/det (20; 0% instances), es-dep/obj (17; 0% instances), es-dep/nmod (16; 0% instances), es-dep/obl (16; 0% instances), es-dep/cop (13; 0% instances), es-dep/compound (11; 0% instances), es-dep/cc (3; 0% instances), es-dep/iobj (2; 0% instances), es-dep/mark (2; 0% instances), es-dep/nsubj:pass (2; 0% instances), es-dep/csubj:pass (1; 0% instances), es-dep/flat (1; 0% instances)
Parents of ADJ
nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: NOUN (19797; 82% instances), VERB (1247; 5% instances), ADJ (1149; 5% instances), ROOT (999; 4% instances), PROPN (534; 2% instances), PRON (193; 1% instances), SYM (77; 0% instances), X (73; 0% instances), NUM (44; 0% instances), ADV (42; 0% instances), ADP (40; 0% instances), DET (17; 0% instances), CCONJ (6; 0% instances), SCONJ (4; 0% instances), AUX (2; 0% instances)
18060 (75%) ADJ
nodes are leaves.
2923 (12%) ADJ
nodes have one child.
861 (4%) ADJ
nodes have two children.
2380 (10%) ADJ
nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a ADJ
node is 12.
Children of ADJ
nodes are attached using 28 different relations: es-dep/punct (2546; 17% instances), es-dep/cop (2084; 14% instances), es-dep/nmod (2060; 14% instances), es-dep/advmod (1941; 13% instances), es-dep/conj (1587; 10% instances), es-dep/nsubj (1334; 9% instances), es-dep/cc (1073; 7% instances), es-dep/mark (520; 3% instances), es-dep/case (460; 3% instances), es-dep/advcl (420; 3% instances), es-dep/det (213; 1% instances), es-dep/parataxis (171; 1% instances), es-dep/csubj (168; 1% instances), es-dep/aux (121; 1% instances), es-dep/fixed (114; 1% instances), es-dep/amod (107; 1% instances), es-dep/acl (71; 0% instances), es-dep/appos (66; 0% instances), es-dep/dep (59; 0% instances), es-dep/nummod (24; 0% instances), es-dep/obj (24; 0% instances), es-dep/aux:pass (23; 0% instances), es-dep/acl:relcl (12; 0% instances), es-dep/nsubj:pass (12; 0% instances), es-dep/ccomp (8; 0% instances), es-dep/compound (4; 0% instances), es-dep/xcomp (4; 0% instances), es-dep/iobj (2; 0% instances)
Children of ADJ
nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: VERB (3164; 21% instances), NOUN (2819; 19% instances), PUNCT (2544; 17% instances), ADV (1972; 13% instances), ADJ (1149; 8% instances), CCONJ (1076; 7% instances), ADP (604; 4% instances), SCONJ (460; 3% instances), PROPN (400; 3% instances), PRON (359; 2% instances), DET (216; 1% instances), SYM (185; 1% instances), AUX (143; 1% instances), NUM (67; 0% instances), X (64; 0% instances), PART (6; 0% instances)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Spanish-AnCora)
There are 4583 ADJ
lemmas (16%), 7765 ADJ
types (19%) and 32980 ADJ
tokens (7%).
Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of ADJ
is: 3 in number of lemmas, 4 in number of types and 7 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent ADJ
lemmas: primero, nuevo, último, pasado, próximo, español, gran, mayor, segundo, buen
The 10 most frequent ADJ
types: pasado, primer, gran, nuevo, primera, mayor, próximo, nueva, últimos, general
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: primero (ADJ 735, ADV 23), último (ADJ 466, NOUN 23), pasado (ADJ 443, NOUN 73), próximo (ADJ 358, NOUN 9), español (ADJ 332, NOUN 62), mayor (ADJ 276, PROPN 3, NOUN 1), segundo (ADJ 268, NOUN 46), buen (ADJ 238, NOUN 3), mejor (ADJ 206, ADV 39, NOUN 5), público (ADJ 206, NOUN 72)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: pasado (ADJ 363, NOUN 73, VERB 45, AUX 3), primera (ADJ 247, NOUN 1), mayor (ADJ 222, PROPN 2), nueva (ADJ 182, NOUN 1), general (ADJ 163, NOUN 57), mejor (ADJ 155, ADV 39, NOUN 5), ex (ADJ 148, NOUN 27), segunda (ADJ 139, NOUN 1), español (ADJ 134, NOUN 35), grandes (ADJ 132, NOUN 1)
- pasado
- primera
- mayor
- nueva
- general
- mejor
- ex
- segunda
- español
- grandes
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of ADJ
is 1.694305 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.500342).
The 1st highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “buen”: buen, buena, buenas, bueno, buenos.
The 2nd highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “chino”: china, chinas, chino, chino’, chinos.
The 3rd highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “primero”: primer, primera, primeras, primero, primeros.
ADJ
occurs with 6 features: es-feat/Number (32243; 98% instances), es-feat/Gender (21935; 67% instances), es-feat/VerbForm (5932; 18% instances), es-feat/NumType (1768; 5% instances), es-feat/AdpType (176; 1% instances), es-feat/AdvType (13; 0% instances)
ADJ
occurs with 9 feature-value pairs: AdpType=Prep
, AdpType=Preppron
, AdvType=Tim
, Gender=Fem
, Gender=Masc
, NumType=Ord
, Number=Plur
, Number=Sing
, VerbForm=Part
ADJ
occurs with 19 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is Number=Sing
(7419 tokens).
Examples: gran, mayor, pasado, general, mejor, posible, primer, primera, actual, electoral
Relations
ADJ
nodes are attached to their parents using 26 different relations: es-dep/amod (26690; 81% instances), es-dep/conj (1461; 4% instances), es-dep/obj (1260; 4% instances), es-dep/root (812; 2% instances), es-dep/advmod (550; 2% instances), es-dep/ccomp (518; 2% instances), es-dep/advcl (347; 1% instances), es-dep/acl (304; 1% instances), es-dep/nsubj (237; 1% instances), es-dep/case (156; 0% instances), es-dep/fixed (156; 0% instances), es-dep/iobj (143; 0% instances), es-dep/appos (92; 0% instances), es-dep/flat (49; 0% instances), es-dep/csubj (47; 0% instances), es-dep/xcomp (39; 0% instances), es-dep/nmod (28; 0% instances), es-dep/parataxis (25; 0% instances), es-dep/obl (22; 0% instances), es-dep/mark (20; 0% instances), es-dep/cc (9; 0% instances), es-dep/dep (8; 0% instances), es-dep/cop (4; 0% instances), es-dep/aux (1; 0% instances), es-dep/compound (1; 0% instances), es-dep/det (1; 0% instances)
Parents of ADJ
nodes belong to 17 different parts of speech: NOUN (25416; 77% instances), VERB (2966; 9% instances), ADJ (1559; 5% instances), PROPN (1161; 4% instances), ROOT (812; 2% instances), PRON (255; 1% instances), ADP (239; 1% instances), NUM (231; 1% instances), AUX (112; 0% instances), DET (96; 0% instances), ADV (67; 0% instances), SCONJ (25; 0% instances), CCONJ (18; 0% instances), SYM (17; 0% instances), PUNCT (3; 0% instances), INTJ (2; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)
22716 (69%) ADJ
nodes are leaves.
4606 (14%) ADJ
nodes have one child.
1916 (6%) ADJ
nodes have two children.
3742 (11%) ADJ
nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a ADJ
node is 15.
Children of ADJ
nodes are attached using 28 different relations: es-dep/punct (4808; 19% instances), es-dep/advmod (3269; 13% instances), es-dep/cop (2297; 9% instances), es-dep/obl (2110; 8% instances), es-dep/obj (1831; 7% instances), es-dep/conj (1562; 6% instances), es-dep/nsubj (1466; 6% instances), es-dep/cc (1404; 6% instances), es-dep/nmod (1215; 5% instances), es-dep/det (1131; 4% instances), es-dep/mark (978; 4% instances), es-dep/case (758; 3% instances), es-dep/advcl (625; 2% instances), es-dep/aux (361; 1% instances), es-dep/csubj (317; 1% instances), es-dep/acl (294; 1% instances), es-dep/amod (245; 1% instances), es-dep/fixed (198; 1% instances), es-dep/xcomp (142; 1% instances), es-dep/flat (109; 0% instances), es-dep/ccomp (49; 0% instances), es-dep/nummod (47; 0% instances), es-dep/parataxis (32; 0% instances), es-dep/compound (23; 0% instances), es-dep/dep (18; 0% instances), es-dep/appos (3; 0% instances), es-dep/expl:pass (2; 0% instances), es-dep/nsubj:pass (2; 0% instances)
Children of ADJ
nodes belong to 17 different parts of speech: NOUN (4967; 20% instances), PUNCT (4809; 19% instances), ADV (2974; 12% instances), AUX (2715; 11% instances), ADJ (1559; 6% instances), VERB (1548; 6% instances), CCONJ (1414; 6% instances), PROPN (1289; 5% instances), ADP (1212; 5% instances), DET (1158; 5% instances), SCONJ (851; 3% instances), PRON (623; 2% instances), NUM (155; 1% instances), SYM (16; 0% instances), INTJ (4; 0% instances), PART (1; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)
ADJ in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]