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ADJ: adjective

Definition

Adjectives are words that typically modify nouns and specify their properties or attributes. They may also function as predicates, as in

El coche es verde. “The car is green.”

In Spanish, adjectives normally follow the noun, e.g. La casa amarilla “The yellow house”, although sometimes they may also precede the noun, e.g. La blanca nieve “The white snow”.

Adjectives in Spanish agree in number and gender with the noun they modify, e.g. la casa amarilla (femenine singular), las casas amarillas (femenine plural).

The class of adjectives in Spanish UD also includes ordinal numbers and participial adjectives, both behaving as adjectives morphologically and syntactically. Note that participles are word forms that may share properties and usage of adjectives and verbs. Depending on context, they may be classified as either VERB or ADJ.

To conform to the UD guidelines, possessive adjectives are handled as determiners DET.

Examples


Treebank Statistics (UD_Spanish)

There are 4699 ADJ lemmas (12%), 6768 ADJ types (13%) and 24224 ADJ tokens (6%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of ADJ is: 3 in number of lemmas, 4 in number of types and 7 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADJ lemmas: primero, nuevo, mismo, gran, mayor, principal, buen, segundo, último, pequeño

The 10 most frequent ADJ types: gran, primera, primer, mismo, mayor, nuevo, estadounidense, total, mejor, grandes

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: primero (ADJ 614, NOUN 44, PROPN 27, ADV 23), nuevo (ADJ 396, PROPN 40, NOUN 7, ADV 1), mismo (ADJ 314, NOUN 100, PRON 8, ADV 1), gran (ADJ 266, PROPN 47), mayor (ADJ 226, NOUN 10, PROPN 9, ADV 2, X 1), principal (ADJ 195, PROPN 3, NOUN 2), buen (ADJ 193, PROPN 4, NOUN 1), segundo (ADJ 186, NOUN 46, PROPN 27, VERB 1), último (ADJ 184, NOUN 61, PROPN 2, X 1), pequeño (ADJ 180, NOUN 6, PROPN 2)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: primera (ADJ 236, NOUN 12), primer (ADJ 240, PROPN 1), mismo (ADJ 197, NOUN 52, PRON 3, ADV 1), mayor (ADJ 183, NOUN 4, ADV 2, PROPN 2, X 1), nuevo (ADJ 175, ADV 1), estadounidense (ADJ 151, NOUN 2), total (ADJ 133, NOUN 79), mejor (ADJ 116, ADV 27, NOUN 24), grandes (ADJ 111, NOUN 9), nueva (ADJ 111, NOUN 3)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADJ is 1.440306 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.255824).

The 1st highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “primero”: primer, primera, primeras, primero, primeros.

The 2nd highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “tercero”: tercer, tercera, terceras, tercero, terceros.

The 3rd highest number of forms (4) was observed with the lemma “abierto”: abierta, abiertas, abierto, abiertos.

ADJ occurs with 6 features: es-feat/Number (23550; 97% instances), es-feat/Gender (14984; 62% instances), es-feat/VerbForm (1940; 8% instances), es-feat/NumType (926; 4% instances), es-feat/Degree (573; 2% instances), es-feat/Polarity (1; 0% instances)

ADJ occurs with 12 feature-value pairs: Degree=Abs, Degree=Cmp, Degree=Sup, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, NumType=Ord, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Polarity=Neg, VerbForm=Ger, VerbForm=Inf, VerbForm=Part

ADJ occurs with 34 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Number=Sing (5769 tokens). Examples: gran, estadounidense, total, primera, primer, nacional, principal, importante, mismo, general

Relations

ADJ nodes are attached to their parents using 29 different relations: es-dep/amod (19510; 81% instances), es-dep/conj (1389; 6% instances), es-dep/root (999; 4% instances), es-dep/nummod (880; 4% instances), es-dep/xcomp (305; 1% instances), es-dep/acl:relcl (177; 1% instances), es-dep/ccomp (154; 1% instances), es-dep/parataxis (154; 1% instances), es-dep/advcl (153; 1% instances), es-dep/case (114; 0% instances), es-dep/appos (98; 0% instances), es-dep/fixed (50; 0% instances), es-dep/csubj (39; 0% instances), es-dep/acl (29; 0% instances), es-dep/dep (24; 0% instances), es-dep/advmod (23; 0% instances), es-dep/nsubj (22; 0% instances), es-dep/det (20; 0% instances), es-dep/obj (17; 0% instances), es-dep/nmod (16; 0% instances), es-dep/obl (16; 0% instances), es-dep/cop (13; 0% instances), es-dep/compound (11; 0% instances), es-dep/cc (3; 0% instances), es-dep/iobj (2; 0% instances), es-dep/mark (2; 0% instances), es-dep/nsubj:pass (2; 0% instances), es-dep/csubj:pass (1; 0% instances), es-dep/flat (1; 0% instances)

Parents of ADJ nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: NOUN (19797; 82% instances), VERB (1247; 5% instances), ADJ (1149; 5% instances), ROOT (999; 4% instances), PROPN (534; 2% instances), PRON (193; 1% instances), SYM (77; 0% instances), X (73; 0% instances), NUM (44; 0% instances), ADV (42; 0% instances), ADP (40; 0% instances), DET (17; 0% instances), CCONJ (6; 0% instances), SCONJ (4; 0% instances), AUX (2; 0% instances)

18060 (75%) ADJ nodes are leaves.

2923 (12%) ADJ nodes have one child.

861 (4%) ADJ nodes have two children.

2380 (10%) ADJ nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADJ node is 12.

Children of ADJ nodes are attached using 28 different relations: es-dep/punct (2546; 17% instances), es-dep/cop (2084; 14% instances), es-dep/nmod (2060; 14% instances), es-dep/advmod (1941; 13% instances), es-dep/conj (1587; 10% instances), es-dep/nsubj (1334; 9% instances), es-dep/cc (1073; 7% instances), es-dep/mark (520; 3% instances), es-dep/case (460; 3% instances), es-dep/advcl (420; 3% instances), es-dep/det (213; 1% instances), es-dep/parataxis (171; 1% instances), es-dep/csubj (168; 1% instances), es-dep/aux (121; 1% instances), es-dep/fixed (114; 1% instances), es-dep/amod (107; 1% instances), es-dep/acl (71; 0% instances), es-dep/appos (66; 0% instances), es-dep/dep (59; 0% instances), es-dep/nummod (24; 0% instances), es-dep/obj (24; 0% instances), es-dep/aux:pass (23; 0% instances), es-dep/acl:relcl (12; 0% instances), es-dep/nsubj:pass (12; 0% instances), es-dep/ccomp (8; 0% instances), es-dep/compound (4; 0% instances), es-dep/xcomp (4; 0% instances), es-dep/iobj (2; 0% instances)

Children of ADJ nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: VERB (3164; 21% instances), NOUN (2819; 19% instances), PUNCT (2544; 17% instances), ADV (1972; 13% instances), ADJ (1149; 8% instances), CCONJ (1076; 7% instances), ADP (604; 4% instances), SCONJ (460; 3% instances), PROPN (400; 3% instances), PRON (359; 2% instances), DET (216; 1% instances), SYM (185; 1% instances), AUX (143; 1% instances), NUM (67; 0% instances), X (64; 0% instances), PART (6; 0% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_Spanish-AnCora)

There are 4583 ADJ lemmas (16%), 7765 ADJ types (19%) and 32980 ADJ tokens (7%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of ADJ is: 3 in number of lemmas, 4 in number of types and 7 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADJ lemmas: primero, nuevo, último, pasado, próximo, español, gran, mayor, segundo, buen

The 10 most frequent ADJ types: pasado, primer, gran, nuevo, primera, mayor, próximo, nueva, últimos, general

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: primero (ADJ 735, ADV 23), último (ADJ 466, NOUN 23), pasado (ADJ 443, NOUN 73), próximo (ADJ 358, NOUN 9), español (ADJ 332, NOUN 62), mayor (ADJ 276, PROPN 3, NOUN 1), segundo (ADJ 268, NOUN 46), buen (ADJ 238, NOUN 3), mejor (ADJ 206, ADV 39, NOUN 5), público (ADJ 206, NOUN 72)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: pasado (ADJ 363, NOUN 73, VERB 45, AUX 3), primera (ADJ 247, NOUN 1), mayor (ADJ 222, PROPN 2), nueva (ADJ 182, NOUN 1), general (ADJ 163, NOUN 57), mejor (ADJ 155, ADV 39, NOUN 5), ex (ADJ 148, NOUN 27), segunda (ADJ 139, NOUN 1), español (ADJ 134, NOUN 35), grandes (ADJ 132, NOUN 1)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADJ is 1.694305 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.500342).

The 1st highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “buen”: buen, buena, buenas, bueno, buenos.

The 2nd highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “chino”: china, chinas, chino, chino’, chinos.

The 3rd highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “primero”: primer, primera, primeras, primero, primeros.

ADJ occurs with 6 features: es-feat/Number (32243; 98% instances), es-feat/Gender (21935; 67% instances), es-feat/VerbForm (5932; 18% instances), es-feat/NumType (1768; 5% instances), es-feat/AdpType (176; 1% instances), es-feat/AdvType (13; 0% instances)

ADJ occurs with 9 feature-value pairs: AdpType=Prep, AdpType=Preppron, AdvType=Tim, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, NumType=Ord, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, VerbForm=Part

ADJ occurs with 19 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Number=Sing (7419 tokens). Examples: gran, mayor, pasado, general, mejor, posible, primer, primera, actual, electoral

Relations

ADJ nodes are attached to their parents using 26 different relations: es-dep/amod (26690; 81% instances), es-dep/conj (1461; 4% instances), es-dep/obj (1260; 4% instances), es-dep/root (812; 2% instances), es-dep/advmod (550; 2% instances), es-dep/ccomp (518; 2% instances), es-dep/advcl (347; 1% instances), es-dep/acl (304; 1% instances), es-dep/nsubj (237; 1% instances), es-dep/case (156; 0% instances), es-dep/fixed (156; 0% instances), es-dep/iobj (143; 0% instances), es-dep/appos (92; 0% instances), es-dep/flat (49; 0% instances), es-dep/csubj (47; 0% instances), es-dep/xcomp (39; 0% instances), es-dep/nmod (28; 0% instances), es-dep/parataxis (25; 0% instances), es-dep/obl (22; 0% instances), es-dep/mark (20; 0% instances), es-dep/cc (9; 0% instances), es-dep/dep (8; 0% instances), es-dep/cop (4; 0% instances), es-dep/aux (1; 0% instances), es-dep/compound (1; 0% instances), es-dep/det (1; 0% instances)

Parents of ADJ nodes belong to 17 different parts of speech: NOUN (25416; 77% instances), VERB (2966; 9% instances), ADJ (1559; 5% instances), PROPN (1161; 4% instances), ROOT (812; 2% instances), PRON (255; 1% instances), ADP (239; 1% instances), NUM (231; 1% instances), AUX (112; 0% instances), DET (96; 0% instances), ADV (67; 0% instances), SCONJ (25; 0% instances), CCONJ (18; 0% instances), SYM (17; 0% instances), PUNCT (3; 0% instances), INTJ (2; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)

22716 (69%) ADJ nodes are leaves.

4606 (14%) ADJ nodes have one child.

1916 (6%) ADJ nodes have two children.

3742 (11%) ADJ nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADJ node is 15.

Children of ADJ nodes are attached using 28 different relations: es-dep/punct (4808; 19% instances), es-dep/advmod (3269; 13% instances), es-dep/cop (2297; 9% instances), es-dep/obl (2110; 8% instances), es-dep/obj (1831; 7% instances), es-dep/conj (1562; 6% instances), es-dep/nsubj (1466; 6% instances), es-dep/cc (1404; 6% instances), es-dep/nmod (1215; 5% instances), es-dep/det (1131; 4% instances), es-dep/mark (978; 4% instances), es-dep/case (758; 3% instances), es-dep/advcl (625; 2% instances), es-dep/aux (361; 1% instances), es-dep/csubj (317; 1% instances), es-dep/acl (294; 1% instances), es-dep/amod (245; 1% instances), es-dep/fixed (198; 1% instances), es-dep/xcomp (142; 1% instances), es-dep/flat (109; 0% instances), es-dep/ccomp (49; 0% instances), es-dep/nummod (47; 0% instances), es-dep/parataxis (32; 0% instances), es-dep/compound (23; 0% instances), es-dep/dep (18; 0% instances), es-dep/appos (3; 0% instances), es-dep/expl:pass (2; 0% instances), es-dep/nsubj:pass (2; 0% instances)

Children of ADJ nodes belong to 17 different parts of speech: NOUN (4967; 20% instances), PUNCT (4809; 19% instances), ADV (2974; 12% instances), AUX (2715; 11% instances), ADJ (1559; 6% instances), VERB (1548; 6% instances), CCONJ (1414; 6% instances), PROPN (1289; 5% instances), ADP (1212; 5% instances), DET (1158; 5% instances), SCONJ (851; 3% instances), PRON (623; 2% instances), NUM (155; 1% instances), SYM (16; 0% instances), INTJ (4; 0% instances), PART (1; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)


ADJ in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]