dislocated: dislocated elements
The dislocated relation is used for fronted or postposed elements
that do not fulfill the usual core grammatical relations of a
sentence. These elements often appear to be in the periphery of the sentence, and may be separated off with a comma intonation.
It is used for fronted elements that introduce the topic of a sentence. The dislocated element attaches to the head of the clause to which it belongs:
Quantos artistas , quer estrangeiros quer nacionais , a festa de toiros tem motivado.
dislocated(motivado, artistas)
However, it would not be used for a topic-marked noun that is also the subject of the sentence; this would be an nsubj.
It is also used for postposed elements. The dislocated elements attach to the same governor as the dependent that they double for. Right dislocated elements are frequent in spoken languages.
O fado , esse , ficou aquém.
dislocated(ficou, esse)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Portuguese)
This relation is universal.
8 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as dislocated.
7 instances of dislocated (88%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 6.375.
The following 4 pairs of parts of speech are connected with dislocated: pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/NOUN (5; 63% instances), pt-pos/ADV-pt-pos/DET (1; 13% instances), pt-pos/NUM-pt-pos/PRON (1; 13% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/DET (1; 13% instances).
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 2 dislocated color:blue
1 Os o DET <artd>|ART|M|P|@>N Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 2 det _ _
2 automobilistas automobilista NOUN <np-def>|N|M|P|@TOP Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 dislocated _ SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT PU|@PU _ 2 punct _ _
4 esses esse PRON <dem>|DET|M|P|@SUBJ> Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 6 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
5 , , PUNCT PU|@PU _ 4 punct _ _
6 continuam continuar VERB <mv>|V|PR|3P|IND|@FS-STA Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
7 a a ADP <sam->|PRP|@<ADVL _ 9 case _ _
8 a o DET <-sam>|<artd>|ART|F|S|@>N Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 9 det _ _
9 espera espera NOUN <np-def>|N|F|S|@P< Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 obl _ _
10 ... ... PUNCT PU|@PU _ 6 punct _ _
# visual-style 18 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 6 18 dislocated color:blue
1 Obviamente obviamente ADV ADV|@ADVL> _ 6 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
2 , , PUNCT PU|@PU _ 1 punct _ _
3 Carlos Carlos PROPN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ MWE=Carlos_Resende|MWEPOS=PROPN
4 Resende Resende PROPN _ Number=Sing 3 flat:name _ _
5 será ser AUX <mv>|V|FUT|3S|IND|@FS-STA Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _
6 uma um NUM <card>|NUM|F|S|@<SC NumType=Card 0 root _ _
7 de de ADP <sam->|PRP|@A< _ 9 case _ _
8 as o DET <-sam>|<artd>|ART|F|P|@>N Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 9 det _ _
9 peças peça NOUN <np-def>|N|F|P|@P< Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 6 nmod _ _
10 fulcrais fulcral ADJ ADJ|F|P|@N< Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 9 amod _ _
11 de de ADP PRP|@N< _ 13 case _ _
12 a o DET <-sam>|<artd>|ART|F|S|@>N Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 13 det _ _
13 estratégia estratégia NOUN <np-def>|N|F|S|@P< Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _
14 de de ADP <sam->|PRP|@N< _ 16 case _ _
15 os o DET <-sam>|<artd>|ART|M|P|@>N Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 16 det _ _
16 bracarenses bracarense NOUN <np-def>|N|M|P|@P< Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
17 , , PUNCT PU|@PU _ 6 punct _ _
18 ele ele PRON PERS|M|3S|NOM|@TOP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 dislocated _ _
19 que que PRON <rel>|INDP|M|S|@SUBJ> Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel 22 nsubj _ _
20 tem ter AUX <aux>|V|PR|3S|IND|@FS-N< Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 aux _ _
21 sido ser AUX <mv>|<pc-ind>|V|PCP|@ICL-AUX< VerbForm=Part 22 cop _ _
22 um um NUM <card>|NUM|M|S|@<SC NumType=Card 18 nmod _ _
23 de de ADP <sam->|PRP|@A< _ 26 case _ _
24 os o DET <-sam>|<artd>|ART|M|P|@>N Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 26 det _ _
25 maiores grande ADJ <KOMP>|<COMP>|ADJ|M|P|@>N Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 26 amod _ _
26 responsáveis responsável ADJ <n>|<np-def>|ADJ|M|P|@P< Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 nmod _ _
27 por por ADP <sam->|PRP|@N< _ 29 case _ _
28 o o DET <-sam>|<artd>|ART|M|S|@>N Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 29 det _ _
29 momento momento NOUN <np-def>|N|M|S|@P< Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 obl _ _
30 tranquilo tranquilo ADJ ADJ|M|S|@N< Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 amod _ _
31 que que PRON <rel>|INDP|M|S|@ACC> Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel 35 obj _ _
32 a o DET <artd>|ART|F|S|@>N Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 34 det _ _
33 sua seu DET <poss>|DET|F|S|@>N Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs 34 det _ _
34 equipa equipa NOUN <np-def>|N|F|S|@SUBJ> Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 35 nsubj _ _
35 atravessa atravessar VERB <mv>|V|PR|3S|IND|@FS-N< Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 acl:relcl _ _
36 em em ADP <sam->|PRP|@<ADVL _ 38 case _ _
37 o o DET <-sam>|<artd>|ART|M|S|@>N Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 38 det _ _
38 campeonato campeonato NOUN <np-def>|N|M|S|@P< Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 obl _ _
39 nacional nacional ADJ ADJ|M|S|@N< Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 38 amod _ _
40 -- -- PUNCT PU|@PU _ 6 punct _ _
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# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 4 dislocated color:blue
1 O o DET <artd>|ART|M|S|@>N Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 2 det _ _
2 PCP PCP PROPN PROP|M|S|@SUBJ> Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT PU|@PU _ 2 punct _ _
4 esse esse DET <dem>|DET|M|S|@TOP Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 8 dislocated _ SpaceAfter=No
5 , , PUNCT PU|@PU _ 4 punct _ _
6 está estar AUX <mv>|V|PR|3S|IND|@FS-STA Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _
7 sempre sempre ADV ADV|@>A _ 8 advmod _ _
8 bem bem ADV <first-cjt>|<quant>|ADV|@<SC _ 0 root _ _
9 e e CCONJ <co-sc>|KC|@CO _ 12 cc _ _
10 com com ADP <cjt>|PRP|@<SC _ 12 case _ _
11 pouco pouco DET <quant>|DET|M|S|@>N Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 12 det _ _
12 trabalho trabalho NOUN <np-idf>|N|M|S|@P< Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 conj _ _
13 por por ADP <sam->|PRP|@N< _ 15 case _ _
14 a o DET <-sam>|<artd>|ART|F|S|@>N Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 15 det _ _
15 frente frente NOUN <np-def>|N|F|S|@P< Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
16 . . PUNCT PU|@PU _ 8 punct _ _
dislocated in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]