dislocated: dislocated elements
The dislocated relation is used for fronted or postposed elements
that do not fulfill the usual core grammatical relations of a
sentence. Dislocated elements are attached to the same governor as the dependent that they double for.
This construction is quite frequent in spoken French.
Pierre je ne l' aime pas beaucoup \n Peter I don't like him much
dislocated(aime, Pierre)
dobj(aime, l')
Here are some examples from FrenchSpoken:
lui il avait passé les quatres nuits ou trois nuits à ramper dans les décombres \n He had spent the four nights or three nights crawling in the rubble
dislocated(passé, lui)
nsubj(passé, il)
c' est déjà arrivé ça \n it's already happened
dislocated(arrivé, ça)
nsubj(arrivé, c')
ces rails du tram eh ben je vais les longer \n these tram rails well I'm gonna walk along them
dislocated(longer, rails)
obj(longer, les)
Treebank Statistics (UD_French)
This relation is universal.
26 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as dislocated.
24 instances of dislocated (92%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 6.57692307692308.
The following 8 pairs of parts of speech are connected with dislocated: fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/PRON (8; 31% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/NOUN (5; 19% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/VERB (4; 15% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/NOUN (3; 12% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/NOUN (3; 12% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/PROPN (1; 4% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/PROPN (1; 4% instances), fr-pos/PROPN-fr-pos/NOUN (1; 4% instances).
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 13 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 13 fgColor:white
# visual-style 13 2 dislocated color:blue
1 Tout tout DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 det _ _
2 ce ce PRON _ Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Dem 13 dislocated _ _
3 que que PRON _ PronType=Rel 7 obj _ _
4 l' l' PART _ _ 5 expl _ SpaceAfter=No
5 on on PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 nsubj _ _
6 peux pouvoir AUX _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 aux _ _
7 chercher chercher VERB _ VerbForm=Inf 2 acl:relcl _ _
8 en en ADP _ _ 9 case _ _
9 pitou pitou PROPN _ _ 7 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
10 , , PUNCT _ _ 7 punct _ _
11 on on PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 13 nsubj _ _
12 le le PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obj _ _
13 trouve trouver VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
14 :) :) SYM _ _ 13 dep _ _
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 2 dislocated color:blue
1 Les le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 2 det _ _
2 marocains marocain NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 dislocated _ SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT _ _ 7 punct _ _
4 plus plus SCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ _
5 ils il PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _
6 sont être AUX _ Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 aux _ _
7 réprimés réprimer VERB _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
8 , , PUNCT _ _ 7 punct _ _
9 plus plus SCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ _
10 ils il PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _
11 baisent baiser VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _
12 la le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 13 det _ _
13 main main NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 obj _ _
14 de de ADP _ _ 16 case _ _
15 leur son DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ _
16 roi roi NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 nmod _ _
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# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 2 dislocated color:blue
1 « « PUNCT _ _ 4 punct _ _
2 Être être VERB _ VerbForm=Inf 4 dislocated _ _
3 c' ce PRON _ Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Dem 4 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
4 est être VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
5 être être AUX _ VerbForm=Inf 7 cop _ _
6 la le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 7 det _ _
7 valeur valeur NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 xcomp _ _
8 d' de ADP _ _ 10 case _ SpaceAfter=No
9 une un DET _ Definite=Ind|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 10 det _ _
10 variable variable NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _
11 liée lier VERB _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 10 amod _ _
12 » » PUNCT _ _ 4 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
13 . . PUNCT _ _ 4 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_French-ParTUT)
This relation is universal.
7 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as dislocated.
5 instances of dislocated (71%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 4.85714285714286.
The following 5 pairs of parts of speech are connected with dislocated: fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/NOUN (2; 29% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/NOUN (2; 29% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/NOUN (1; 14% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/PRON (1; 14% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/PROPN (1; 14% instances).
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 2 dislocated color:blue
1 Ces ce DET DD Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 2 det _ _
2 femelles femelle NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 7 dislocated _ SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT FF _ 2 punct _ _
4 elles elle PRON PE Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _
5 n' ne PART PART Polarity=Neg 6 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
6 y y ADV B _ 7 advmod _ _
7 sont être VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
8 pour pour ADP E _ 9 case _ _
9 rien rien PRON PI PronType=Ind 7 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT FS _ 7 punct _ _
# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 8 dislocated color:blue
1 Ça ce PRON PD PronType=Dem 5 nsubj _ _
2 peut pouvoir AUX VM Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _
3 être être AUX VA VerbForm=Inf 5 cop _ _
4 très très ADV B _ 5 advmod _ _
5 compliqué compliqué ADJ A Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
6 , , PUNCT FF _ 5 punct _ _
7 l' le DET RD Definite=Def|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 8 det _ SpaceAfter=No
8 océan océan NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 dislocated _ SpaceAfter=No
9 . . PUNCT FS _ 5 punct _ _
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 3 dislocated color:blue
1 Et et CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _
2 ce ce DET DD Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 3 det _ _
3 prédateur prédateur NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 dislocated _ _
4 suprême suprême ADJ A Number=Sing 3 amod _ SpaceAfter=No
5 , , PUNCT FF _ 3 punct _ _
6 c' ce PRON PD PronType=Dem 8 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
7 est être AUX VA Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _
8 nous nous PRON PE Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 0 root _ _
9 bien bien ADV B _ 10 advmod _ _
10 sûr sûr ADV B _ 8 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
11 . . PUNCT FS _ 8 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_French-Sequoia)
This relation is universal.
14 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as dislocated.
7 instances of dislocated (50%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 5.57142857142857.
The following 8 pairs of parts of speech are connected with dislocated: fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/PROPN (5; 36% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/PRON (3; 21% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/NOUN (1; 7% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/VERB (1; 7% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/NOUN (1; 7% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/PROPN (1; 7% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/VERB (1; 7% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/NOUN (1; 7% instances).
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5 fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 5 dislocated color:blue
1 Qu' que PRON _ PronType=Int 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
2 est être AUX _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 cop _ SpaceAfter=No
3 -ce ce PRON _ Number=Sing|Person=3 1 nsubj _ _
4 que que SCONJ _ _ 5 mark _ _
5 Angiox Angiox PROPN _ _ 1 dislocated _ _
6 et et CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ _
7 dans dans ADP _ _ 9 case _ _
8 quel quel DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Int 9 det _ _
9 cas cas NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ _
10 est être AUX _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 aux:pass _ SpaceAfter=No
11 -il il PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 12 nsubj:pass _ _
12 utilisé utiliser VERB _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 1 conj _ _
13 2 2 NUM _ NumType=Card 1 nummod _ SpaceAfter=No
14 . . PUNCT _ _ 1 punct _ _
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 9 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9 fgColor:white
# visual-style 9 1 dislocated color:blue
1 Ce ce PRON _ PronType=Rel 9 dislocated _ _
2 que que PRON _ PronType=Rel 4 obj _ _
3 nous il PRON _ Number=Plur|Person=1 4 nsubj _ _
4 voulons vouloir VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 acl:relcl _ _
5 surtout surtout ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
6 , , PUNCT _ _ 9 punct _ _
7 c' ce PRON _ Number=Sing|Person=3 9 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
8 est être AUX _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _
9 économiser économiser VERB _ VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _
10 les le DET _ Definite=Def|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 11 det _ _
11 combustibles combustible NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 obj _ _
12 fossiles fossile ADJ _ Number=Plur 11 amod _ SpaceAfter=No
13 . . PUNCT _ _ 9 punct _ _
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5 fgColor:white
# visual-style 15 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 15 fgColor:white
# visual-style 15 5 dislocated color:blue
1 Monsieur monsieur NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 vocative _ _
2 le le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 3 det _ _
3 Président président NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
4 , , PUNCT _ _ 15 punct _ _
5 famine famine NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 dislocated _ _
6 et et CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ _
7 Éthiopie Éthiopie PROPN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
8 , , PUNCT _ _ 15 punct _ _
9 ces ce DET _ Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 11 det _ _
10 deux deux NUM _ NumType=Card 11 nummod _ _
11 mots mot NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 nsubj:pass _ _
12 sont être AUX _ Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 aux:pass _ _
13 déjà déjà ADV _ _ 15 advmod _ _
14 douloureusement douloureusement ADV _ _ 15 advmod _ _
15 liés lier VERB _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _
16 dans dans ADP _ _ 18 case _ _
17 nos son DET _ Number=Plur|Poss=Yes 18 nmod:poss _ _
18 mémoires mémoires NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
19 . . PUNCT _ _ 15 punct _ _
dislocated in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]